• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the genital tract bacterial flora of Thoroughbred mare in Jeju province during March and July, 2006. The specimens were collected from vaginal ucosa and clitorial fossa using a culture swab (BBL, USA) from 100 Thoroughbred mares. Colonies were selected blood and MacConkey agar plate, and identified as standard biochemical properties using Biolog system (Thermo, USA). In this study, 470 gram-negative strains were isolated more frequently than 249 gram-positive strains. We were Isolated Escherichia coli (19.8%), Proteus mirabillis (14.9%), Enterobacter nimipressuralis (7.4%), Enterobacter mobilis (4.7%), Aeromonas encheleia (4.3%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (3.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus spp. (10.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.2%), Enterococcus faecium (8.0%), Actinomyces viscosus (7.2%), Micoroccus diversus(6.8%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis(5.2%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (3.2%), Other non-beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp. (2.0%) and many others from vaginal mucosa and clitorial fossa in Thoroughbred mares. No significant bacteria (Taylorella equigenitalis and Klebsiella pneumonia) were isolated from the mare genital tract. In antimicrobial agents susceptibility test, it shows a high sensibility in the antibiotics of the most which excepts the streptomycin and neomycinm, kanamycin, spectinomycin, compound sulfonamides. Especially, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were visible a high sensibility in the all antibiotics. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and E. coli were showed a high antibiotic resistance patterns. These results may provide the basic information to establish strategies for the treatment and prevention of reproductive disease in Thoroughbred mares in Korea.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

애완견의 털에 부착되어 있는 세균을 분리 동정한 후, 이 분리 세균들에 대한 항세균효과가 있는 생약재 추출물을 탐색하였다. 애완견의 털에서 76개의 세균을 분리한 결과, Staphylococcus속이 41균주로 가장 많았으며 그 다음으로 Micrococcus속이 21균 주, Enterococcus속이 8균주, Bacillus속이 3균주, Exiguobacterium속 of 2균주, Shigella속과 Zoogloea속이 각각 1균주씩으로 동정되었다. 이러한 결과는 개의 털에 존재하는 세균들이 사람에게 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 원인이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 분리균주들에 대한 항생제 저항성과 생약재 추출물의 항세균 활성은 디스크 확산법으로 확인하였다. 황금의 추출물이 애완견의 털로부터 분리한 세균들에 대해 높은 항세균 활성을 나타내어 항생제 저항성이 있는 세균들에 대한 새로운 항미생물제로 사용학 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2018

In order for monitoring of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the freshly slaughtered poultry meats produced in Gyeong-Nam province, we first isolated 4 strains of Salmonella spp. and 32 strains of Enterococcus faecalis from the total 164 samples, then we analyzed potential virulence gene profiles of the bacterial isolates by PCR using species-specific primer. The potential virulence genes we selected in this study were stn, invA, fimA, spvR, and spvC for the isolates of Salmonella spp. and those of esp, cylM, cylA, cylB, gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC were for the isolates of E. faecalis. The PCR results showed that all 5 virulence genes were detected simultaneously in the all isolates of Salmonella spp. However, there was a diverse occurrence pattern of the virulence genes in the case of E. faecalis. The gene for enterococcal surface protein (esp) was not detected among the isolates (0/32), and the haemolysin gene prevalence rate of cylA, cylB, and cylM were 3.1% (1/32), 9.3% (3/32), and 9.3% (3/32), respectively. Moreover, the genes of gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC that associated with gelatinase activity were detected in the rate of 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), and 53.1% (17/32), respectively. In conclusion, in the isolates of Salmonella spp., all possessed 5 virulence genes tested, suggesting that they are all related with each other clonally. However, in the case of E. faecalis isolates, the occurrence of the haemolysin genes (cylM, cylA, cylB) and the gelatinase genes (gelE, fsrABC) was highly variable among the isolates.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2005

The distributions of sanitary indicative bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in seawater and four species of farmed fishes, including oliver flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (Pagrus major) and sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), collected at fish farms located in the southern coastal area of Korea were investigated from May to October in 2004. The detection rates of fecal coliform and Entirococcus spp. of sanitary indicative bacteria in all samples were $38.9\%$ and $23.8\%$, respectively. The occurrence of fecal coliform was highest of $58.3\%$ in Busan, Geoje and Wando area, followed Yeosu $33.3\%$, Jeju $12.5\%$, Tongyeong $11.1\%$. The occurrence of Enterococcus spp. was highest In Wando area ($45.8\%$), followed by Yeosu ($33.3\%$), Tongyeong ($22.2\%$), Busan ($16.7\%$), Geoje and Jeju ($12.5\%$). The detection rate of fecal coliform was higher than that of Enterococcus spp., except in the Tongyeong area. There was no difference in the detection rate of fecal coliform from May to October, but the detection rate of Enterococcus spp. increased with seasonal warming seawater temperature. Among the pathogenic bacteria, the detection rate of Vibrio alginolyticus ($49.2\%$) in all samples was highest, followed by V. parahaemolyticus ($36.5\%$), Staphylococcus aureus ($6.3\%$), Salmonella sp. ($2.4\%$). However, V cholerae, V. vulnificus and Shigella sp. were not detected in all tested samples. The detection rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus increased with seasonal warming seawater temperature from May to August.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 국내 건강한 산모의 모유에서 분리한 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 용혈여부와 다제내성 균에 대한 항용혈 효능 및 항균 효과를 확인하였다. 분리 균주의 효소 활성을 측정 결과, E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주는 지질에 대한 가수분해 효소인 esterase 및 esterase lipase에 대한 활성이 우수하였다. 용혈여부를 확인한 결과, 분리균 모두 용혈반응이 나타나지 않았다. 또한 용혈을 일으키는 다제내성 균주에 대한 항용혈 효능을 검토한 결과, S. aureus CCARM 3855에 대한 항용혈 효능은 BMSE-HMP002가 75.71 ± 10.00%로 가장 높았으며, E. coli DC 2 CCARM 0238과 P. aeruginosa CCARM 0223에 대한 항용혈 효능은 BMSE-HMP001이 각각 76.92 ± 2.99%와 87.93 ± 1.93%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 다제내성균 Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp. 및 Enterobacter spp.에 대한 항균활성을 검토한 결과, E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주는 그람 양성균주와 그람 음성균주에서 모두 항균력을 보였으며, 분리균 4주 중에서는 BMSE-HMP001과 BMSE-HMP002가 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 모유유래 유산균 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 안전성과 다제내성 균에 의한 용혈 및 항균 효과를 검토하여 유용 유산균으로써 가능성을 확인하였으며, Enterococcus 균주는 항생제 내성 유전자 및 독성 유전자가 없는 경우에 한하여 사용이 가능한 것으로 고시된 바와 같이 본 연구에서 분리한 모유유래 유산균 E. faecalis BMSE-HMP 4주의 항생제 내성 및 독성에 대한 추가적인 연구를 통해 안전성에 대한 입증이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2007

To evaluate the vancomycin resistance of Enterococcus spp. (VRE) from Saengsik and Sunsik, Enterococcus were isolated and identified from 25 Saengsik and 35 Sunsik samples, and resistance of Enterococcus to other antibiotics was also assessed. Thirty nine Enterococcus, 16 strains from Saengsik, and 23 strains from Sunsik, were ultimately isolated. The most frequently collected Enterococcus isolates in Saengsik were E. casseliflavus and E. hirae, and were E. casseliflavus and E. faecium in Sunsik. However, E. faecalis was not detected in those foods. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin against the isolates were below $4\;{\mu}g/mL$ and no strains evidenced profound levels of resistance. The isolates were found to be susceptible to vancomycin with the exception of eight E. casseliflavus and three E. gallinarum. All Enterococcus isolates proved resistant to streptomycin and chloramphenicol. 23% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin; however, all of the isolates were sensitive to tetracycline. Six and 48%, respectively, of the strains from the Saengsik and Sunsik proved resistant to erythromycin. All of E. mundtii and E. hirae isolates from Saengsik, and 20% of E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus isolates from Sunsik were found to be ampicillin-resistant. All of E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, and E. faecium were rifampin-resistant. The antibiotic resistances of Enterococcus were relatively low, and this low vancomycin resistance was similar to that evidenced by Enterococcus isolates obtained from the other foods. However, there may be a need for some review of the accepted antibiotics criteria for Enterococcus and VRE in ready-to-eat foods.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

목적: 장구균은 원내 감염의 중요한 세균으로 최근 그 빈도가 많아지며, 항생제 내성을 갖는 경우도 증가하면서 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 소아의 지역사회 획득 요로감염의 원인으로서 장구균에 대한 연구는 소수에 불과하여 이에 저자들은 부산 경남 지역에서 발생하는 장구균에 의한 지역사회 획득 요로감염의 임상적 특징과 항생제 감수성 등을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 20010년 1월부터 2013년 1월까지 첫 번째 요로감염으로 부산대학교 어린이병원에 입원 하였던 18세 미만의 환자 중 장구균과 대장균이 배양된 환자를 대상으로 하여 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 의무 기록을 통해 환자의 성별, 진단 시 연령, 기저 신 질환, 최근 항생제 복용력, 영상 검사의 결과, 세균의 항생제 감수성, 처음 사용한 항생제에 대한 반응 유무 등을 조사하였다. 결과: 2010년 1월부터 2013년 1월까지 첫 번째 요로감염이 확인되어 치료한 환자는 201명으로 이 중 대장균은 154명(76.6%)에서 분리되었고, 장구균은 11명(5.5%)에서 분리되었으며 배양된 장구균은 모두 Enterococcus feacalis였다. 장구균이 배양된 집단에서 배뇨방광요도조영술 검사를 시행한 7명 중 4명(57.1%)에서 방광요관역류가 발견되었고, 이들 모두 DMSA 신스캔에서 신 반흔을 보였으며 현재까지 3명의 환자가 방광요관역류에 대한 비뇨기과적 교정 시술을 시행 받았다. 대장균이 배양된 집단에서는 121명의 환자에서 배뇨방광요도조영술 검사가 시행되어 23명이 방광요관역류로 진단되었고, 현재까지 11명이 비뇨기과적 교정술을 시행 받았다. 대장균에 의한 요로감염 환자들과 비교하였을 때 장구균 요로감염 환자에서 방광요관역류와 수술적 교정술의 빈도가 통계학적으로 의미 있게 높았다. 분리된 장구균의 항생제 감수성 검사에서 ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid에 대해서는 100% 감수성을 보였으며 tetracycline에 대해서는 100% 내성을 보였고 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole에는 71.4%, quinolone계열인 ciprofloxacin에는 20% 내성을 나타냈다. 결론: 부산 경남 지역의 지역사회 획득 장구균 요로감염은 흔하지 않지만, 근본적인 요로계의 이상을 동반할 가능성이 높으므로 환자에 대한 영상학적 평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

Enterococcus faecium MJ-14, having strong antilisterial activity, was isolated from Korean fermented food, Meju. MJ-14 showed the same phenotypic characteristics, but different sugar utilization, as reference strain, E. faecium KCCM12118. It could utilize D-xylose, amygdaline, and gluconate, whereas E. faecium KCCM12118 could not. Optimal condition for bacteriocin production by E. faecium MJ-14 was at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. Bacteriocin activity appeared in mid exponential phase and increased rapidly up to stationary phase. Activity was significantly promoted in MRS broth containing 3.0% glucose, 1.5% lactose, 2.0% peptone, or 1.5% tryptone. Bacteriocins effectively inhibited Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria spp. of Gram-positive bacteria, and Helicobacter pylori of Gram-negative bacteria, but did not inhibit yeasts and molds. They were stable against heat (for 30 min at $100^{\circ}C$), pH (3.0-9.0), long-term storage (for 60 days at 4 or $-20^{\circ}C$), and enzymatic digestion by catalase, proteinase K, papain, lysozyme, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase, etc. Bacteriocin activity was completely inhibited by protease and pepsin, and 50% by ${\alpha}$-amylase. Studies on PCR detection of enterocin structural genes revealed bacteriocins are identical to enterocins A and B.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2010

The present study was set to develop comprehensive system for assessing the safety of drinking water using PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA). The REBA developed in this study can detect waterborne pathogens such as Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Yersinia spp., Mycobacterium spp., Listeria spp. at the genus level, and Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, M. marinum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus at the species level, and E. coli O157:H7 at the strain level.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2014

This study was performed to examine antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. strains from retail raw meat and fish products purchased in 2012. 43 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from a total of 207 samples (beef, pork, chicken, fish) with contamination rate of 20.8%. The isolated strains were identified as E. faecalis (22 strains), E. gallinarum, E. hirae (5 strains), E. avium (4 strains), E. faecium (3 strains), E. duram, E. casseliflavus (2 strains). Susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was tested, and the highest resistance was observed to tetracycline. And antimicrobial resistance rates were presented below 20% with most of the other antimicrobial agents. The isolated Enterococci from chicken showed higher resistance also to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, not only to tetracycline, compared to the isolated Enterococci from beef, pork and fish. Sixteen isolates (37.2%) were sensitive to all antibiotics. Four isolates (9.3%) were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was not identified. According to the results of genetic similarity pattern analysis via PFGE and rep-PCR, Enterococci strains showed different patterns from these collected in 2011. This indicates that there is no genetic similarity among all the strains.