• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the feeding and nutritional status of enteral tube-fed elderly patients. Subjects included 77 elderly hospitalized patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Medical records on admission and actual feeding volume were used to assess anthropometric, biochemical, and nutritional status. Most patients manifested disorders of the nervous system (93.5%) and the average duration of tube feeding was 13.9 months. The average feeding volume of formula was 1,107 mL per day and the mean ratios of calorie and protein (supplied vs. required) were 81.7% and 80.9%, respectively. At admission, 57.4% of the patients were malnourished according to the institutional criteria. Patients receiving less than 80% of the required calories were in worse nutritional status compared with those receiving more than 80% of the required calories. Body mass index, percent ideal body weight, serum albumin level and blood lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride) were significantly lower in patients receiving less than 80% of the required calories. These results indicate the high prevalence of malnutrition and the need for increased attention and nutritional care of elderly patients undergoing long-term enteral nutrition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.703-714
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A dietary restriction on the intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract complications. Enteral nutrition (EN) is widely used for patients who cannot obtain their nutritional requirements orally, but many studies have reported EN complications, especially diarrhea, in up to 50% of patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We performed a single-center, non-randomized, controlled trial to determine the effects of a low-FODMAP enteral formula on GI complications in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Patients in the ICU who needed EN (n = 66) were alternately assigned to the low-FODMAP group (n = 33) or the high-FODMAP group (n = 33). RESULTS: Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and stool assessment was performed using King's Stool Chart. We excluded patients who received laxatives, GI motility agents, proton pump inhibitors, antifungal agents, and antibiotics other than β-lactams. There were no differences in GI symptoms during 7 days of intervention, including bowel sound, abdominal distension, and vomiting between the 2 groups. However, diarrhea was more frequent in the high-FODMAP group (7/33 patients) than the low-FODMAP group (1/33 patients) (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a low-FODMAP enteral formula may be a practical therapeutic approach for patients who exhibit enteral formula complications. Our study warrants further randomized clinical trials and multicenter trials.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 초록
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• pp.83-83
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• 2001

• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

대두가공에 부산물로부터 얻어지는 대두 식이섬유를 이용하여 설사환자를 위한 경장 영양 식이를 개발하기 위하여 쥐에게 투여한 후 체중증가율, 변의 수분감소, 사료효율 등을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대두피 중의 식이섬유 함량은 85% 이었고 cellulose 가장 높았으며 hemi-cellulose, lignin의 순 이었다. 대두 식이섬유가 대조구에 비하여 체중 감소율은 약간 낮았고 사료효율은 약간 높았다. 대두 식이섬유를 섭취시킨 쥐가 치커리 식이섬유, 차전자 피에 비하여 24시간 후의 변의 수분함량은 10% 낮았다. 대두 식이섬유를 첨가한 경장영양식이로 사육한 쥐의 체중변화와 사료효율은 3제품 간에 차이가 없었으나 다른 하나의제품은 대조군에 비하여 낮았다. 대두 식이섬유를 이용하여 가공한 경장영양식이 다른 상업용 제품에 비하여 실험쥐의 변 수분함량은 10% 이상 낮았다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of active nutrition care on feeding and nutritional status of elderly patients receiving long-term enteral tube feeding. Methods: Subjects included 77 elderly patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Nutrition care was provided to patients supplied less calories than required. Feeding intolerance was examined and managed every day and formula was adjusted to meet nutritional requirement during the first 3 months after admission. Patients were classified into under or over 80% of percent ideal body weight (PIBW) and medical records were used to compare changes in weight,, biochemical indices, and nutritional status during the study. Results: Weight, BMI, triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW than in those over 80% of the PIBW at admission. The percentage of supply to required calories was also lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW. After 1 month of nutritional care, supplied volume of formula was significantly increased in patients under 80% of the PIBW. Weight, BMI, and PIBW were increased and there were no differences between groups after 6 months. In addition, the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to increase in patients under 80% of the PIBW, leading to no difference between groups after 3 months. Conclusions: Personalized active nutrition care is effective to increase weight and improve feeding and nutritional status in underweight elderly patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the regular selling price and nutrient contents of foods used for special medical purposes in Korea. This study investigated the regular selling price and nutritional composition of 114 enteral nutrition (EN) foods on the manufacturer's internet homepage. The average price of the total products was 1,156.0 won/100 mL. The price of foods used for calorie and nutrient supplementation (CNS) was significantly higher compared to that of the other EN food types (p<0.01). With respect to the nutritional content per 100 mL of the product, EN foods for CNS had significantly higher contents of energy, protein, 5 minerals, and 7 vitamins than the other EN food types. On comparing the nutritional contents of foods according to the price, the balanced nutrition foods showed significantly higher contents of energy, carbohydrate, protein, 3 minerals, and 7 vitamins in high-priced products than in low-priced foods. Summarizing these results, foods for CNS were approximately twice as expensive as the other EN foods, and the energy, protein, mineral, and vitamin contents were also high. Balanced nutrition foods had higher nutrient contents in high-priced products, which showed the relationship between the product price and nutrient content.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2001

It is important to supply adequate nutrition to critically ill patients, whose gastrointestinal system is properly functioning, through the enteral tube feeding if oral intake is impossible. In this study we investigated the changes in nutritional status with enteral tube feeding according to the volume required. We investigated the volume ordered according to the patient's requirements, volume infused according to the volume ordered in 41 enteral tube feeding patients in intensive care unit from Jannuary to July, 2000. Body weight, serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were evaluated to assess nutritional status. The mean fasting period was 5 days before the enteral feeding and patients whose fasting period over 3 days were 51%. The mean enteral tube feeding period was 29 days and method of feeding was nasogastric, bolus feeding 6 times per day. The volume ordered was 69.7% of the patients' recommended calorie and volume infused was 86.6% of their volume prescribed. Accordingly, the volume infused was estimated 61.7% of their volume required. Only 44.6% of their reqiured volume was infused within 3 days after enteral tube feeding was started. It took 16 days in average to meet the patients' recommended calorie; 56% of subjects still did not fully met their requirements by the end point. Among the impeding factors in supplying enteral tube feeding, factors related to the number of feeding were high residual volume in stomach, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal distension and surgery. Factors related to the acctual infused volume were diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal distension, airway management and tube reinsertion. Significant correlations were shown between the volume infused and changes in both the patients' weight and serum albumin level. Deviding the subjects into two groups by their infused volume, less than 70% and more than that, we compared the two to come up with a significant difference in their serum albumin level, -0.23 vs 0.21, and their body weight, -4.52 vs 0.12. In enteral tube feeding, the volume delivered in sufficient to the pateints' energy requirement can affect their nutriitional status in critically ill patient; adequate nutritional management plan is essential. It is necessary to make every effort to educate clinical staff and to set up a unified management program to prescribe adequate ammount of energy for the patient's nutritional requirement.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1048-1057
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• 1994

Nonobese NIDDM patients were studied were studied with respect to changes in visceral protein status, serum glucose and lipids and insulin secretion capacity before and after intake of enteral formula. Patients with renal or hepatic disease, gastrectomy, malabsorption, weight gain over past 6 months and poorly controlled blood glucose level were excluded. Eighteen patients served as case and administered, in addition of their usual diet, 400ml of enteral formula for 8 weeks. Another 18 patients participated in controls and had usual food intake for 8 weeks. In the begining, the levels of fasting and postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, albumin, total protein and transferrin and glucose response area on oral glucose tolerance test were not different between two groups. The response areas of insulin, C-peptide and free fatty acid and serum IGF-1 level were higher in the case than in the control group. Energy intake of patients given enteral formula exceeded their estimated energy requirements(108%) and they consumed a mean of 112g protein per day. Patients given enteral formula showed an increase in body weight(4.4%), serum transferrin(10%), IGF-1(13%) and triglyceride(34%) while controls showed no changes in those parameters at 8 weeks compared to initial values. There were no significant changes after 8 weeks in the levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, total protein and albumin and response areas of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and free fatty acid in both groups compared to initial values. This study suggests that nutrition supplement with enteral formula can increase body weight and visceral protein status in nonobese NIDDM patients without changes in blood glucose. However, excessive calorie intake could temporarily increase serum triglyceride. In addition, this study indicates that serum transferrin and IGF-1 are more sensitive indicators to changes of protein intake than serum albumin and total protein.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of enteral nutritional support to cancer patients who were clinically malnourished and receiving chemotherapy after surgery. To estimate the effect of nutritional support using Greenbia(Dr. Chung's Food Cooperation, LTD., Seoul, Korea) for patients with cancer, 41 patients were participated between January 1991 to November 1991. All patients were randomized into 2 groups and 18 patients were evaluated(experimental group : 12, control group : 6). The counseling was carried out once a week for 2 months. To compare the nutrient intake before and after administration of nutritional beverage and to identify the potential effectiveness of nutritional support in this group, a record of this diet on all patients during the test period was carried out for 3 days. To evaluate the patients nutritional status, the anthropometric parameters and serum protein were checked at the begining as baseline, week 3, week 6, and at the end of the test(week 8). In the case of energy balance, no patients appeared to be positive before administration of nutritional beverage, while 2 patients among 12 were observed to be more than 100% positive after administration. There were some differences among the experimental group which had administration of nutritional beverage but most of the results of anthropometric parameters were improved. When comparing the experimental and control group, there was significant increase in body weight, body fat, arm circumference and tricep skinfold. This study suggests that enteral nutritional support can help improving the nutritional status of patients received chemotherapy.

• 한국영양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영양학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 초록
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• pp.37-37
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• 1997