• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2016

Purpose - Recently, the importance of rapid change in business models is more and more increasing as the change of information technology environment. Therefore, a variety of business models have emerged. On the other hand, there is no company that can generate revenue. Many enterprises are still maintained while they are changing only their appearance of the business model. Business model is important in e-commerce. However, a lot of researches are targeted only in Web sites. Thus, e-commerce companies do not have the infrastructure for measuring and business models. The purpose of paper is to evaluate factors which are related with the structuring of the e-commerce success. And it proposed a financial items and non-financial items. From the perspectives of administrators and managers, the paper researches the possibility for E-Commerce Evaluation Model as a valuable criteria in measuring business model. Research design, data and methodology - The methods are taken by the classification for the type of business-to-business transactions, transactions subject, and the degree of integration and innovation capabilities. Financial and Non-financial value is used to build E-Commerce Evaluation Model. Evaluation items in Administration's perspective are composed with enhance the effectiveness of the mission, improving efficiency of the administration, and control of costs. Evaluation items in the customer's perspective were measured by customer participation and cooperation with customer Satisfaction. In the case of researching the information system's perspective, three criteria are used such as adequacy of the development process, improvement of the quality of service, and maintenance of standardized information technology. In researching for the ICT competence's perspective, evaluation items were composed of enhanced user capabilities, utilizing new technologies, and empowerment of information workers. Results - In this paper, E-Commerce Evaluation Model with financial and non-financial perspectives shows the possibility to be criteria in the case of measuring business model. Moreover, it gives the positive expectation to be successful criteria. But the research may have ambiguity in its essential concept because it cannot avoid the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from merely the model. It is impossible to exclude the possibility in omitting specific properties which may take place in actual case study. Therefore, In hereafter research, it is necessary to include actual case study research in selecting evaluation tools in order to improve the limit point. Actual measurement items which are derived from actual case study should be subdivided, and it would be more effective to complete the research. Conclusions - In rapid change in business models, there are various kinds of business models. But it is general situation that companies which adopted business models have not brought in revenue. For this reason, E-Commerce Evaluation Model is needed as an important factor for the structuring of the e-commerce success. Although it has the limitation in selecting evaluation tools from model, E-Commerce Evaluation Model proposes the implication for measuring business models as a valuable criteria.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-25
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• 2022

Convergence, a universal phenomenon in modern society, takes place in various ways throughout society, and the concept of convergence can also be observed in fashion shows. The concept of convergence is actively emerging in terms of fashion show directing. The purpose of this study is to suggest the development of fashion show directing by analyzing the convergence characteristics of fashion show directing through a Louis Vuitton fashion show, and to provide data on convergence in fashion shows. The object of the study is the women's Paris Pret-a-porter and women's cruise collection presented at the Louis Vuitton fashion show. The research method integrated the criteria for analysis and the characteristics of fashion show production through previous studies and a literature review. The characteristics of convergence production in Louis Vuitton fashion shows were identifeid through literature and visual data. In this study, the convergence of the Louis Vuitton fashion shows were divided into four categories: genre integration, sensory synesthesia, perspective diversification, and media scalability. First, the integration of genres enhanced the brand image and effectively conveyed the concept of the show. Second, the synesthesia of the senses expanded communication with the audience and increased the audience's immersion. It has also become a new way to experience fashion shows in person. Third, the diversity of perspectives changed and diversified the way audiences experienced fashion shows. Fourth, the scalability of the media means various ways in which the audience can experience fashion shows. Through this, it is possible to effectively convey information and experiences about fashion shows to the audience.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 2023

One of the main design parameters traditionally utilized in projects of geotechnical engineering is the uniaxial compressive strength. The present paper employed three artificial intelligence methods, i.e., the stochastic fractal search (SFS), the multi-verse optimization (MVO), and the vortex search algorithm (VSA), in order to determine the compressive strength of concrete (CSC). For the same reason, 1030 concrete specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests. According to the obtained laboratory results, the fly ash, cement, water, slag, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, and SP were subjected to tests as the input parameters of the model in order to decide the optimum input configuration for the estimation of the compressive strength. The performance was evaluated by employing three criteria, i.e., the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the determination coefficient (R²). The evaluation of the error criteria and the determination coefficient obtained from the above three techniques indicates that the SFS-MLP technique outperformed the MVO-MLP and VSA-MLP methods. The developed artificial neural network models exhibit higher amounts of errors and lower correlation coefficients in comparison with other models. Nonetheless, the use of the stochastic fractal search algorithm has resulted in considerable enhancement in precision and accuracy of the evaluations conducted through the artificial neural network and has enhanced its performance. According to the results, the utilized SFS-MLP technique showed a better performance in the estimation of the compressive strength of concrete (R²=0.99932 and 0.99942, and RMSE=0.32611 and 0.24922). The novelty of our study is the use of a large dataset composed of 1030 entries and optimization of the learning scheme of the neural prediction model via a data distribution of a 20:80 testing-to-training ratio.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.136-142
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• 2022

This paper investigates the enhanced wear performance of a CrAl coated accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding. In the wake of the Fukushima accident, extensive research on ATF with respect to improving the oxidation resistance of cladding materials is ongoing. Since coated Zr claddings can be applied without major changes to the criteria for reactor core design, many researchers are studying coatings for claddings. To improve the quality of the CrAl coating layer, optimization of the manufacturing process is imperative. This study employs arc ion plating to obtain improved CrAl coated claddings using CrAl binary alloy targets through an improved coating method. Surface roughness and adhesion are improved, and droplets are reduced. Furthermore, the coated layer has a dense and fine microstructure. In scratch tests, all the tested CrAl coated claddings exhibit a superior resistance compared to the Zr cladding. In a fretting wear test, the wear volume of the CrAl coated claddings is smaller compared to the Zr cladding. Furthermore, the coated cladding manufactured through the improved process exhibits better wear resistance than other CrAl coated claddings. Based on these results, we suggest that fine microstructure is attributed to a mechanically and microstructurally robust CrAl coating layer, which enhances wear resistance.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.315-332
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• 2023

PURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate whether the accuracy of intraoral scanners is influenced by different scanning strategies in an in vitro setting, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 standard. The following PICOS approach was used: population, tooth impressions; intervention, the use of intraoral scanners with scanning strategies different from the manufacturer's instructions; control, the use of intraoral scanners following the manufacturers' requirements; outcome, accuracy of intraoral scanners; type of studies, in vitro. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases including Embase, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were based on in vitro studies that reported the accuracy of digital impressions using intraoral scanners. Analysis was performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3.5; Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Global comparisons were made using a standardized mean difference based on random-effect models, with a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS. The meta-analysis included 15 articles. Digital impression accuracy significantly improved under dry conditions (P < 0.001). Moreover, trueness and precision were enhanced when artificial landmarks were used (P ≤ 0.02) and when an S-shaped pattern was followed (P ≤ 0.01). However, the type of light used did not have a significant impact on the accuracy of the digital intraoral scanners (P ≥ 0.16). CONCLUSION. The accuracy of digital intraoral scanners can be enhanced by employing scanning processes using artificial landmarks and digital impressions under dry conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2017

In this paper, causes of wear on high pressure seals for suspension are analyzed, and the result of reproduction test and verification on improved design are described. First, by performing the observation of worn surfaces and its failure analysis, the primary cause of wear on the seals are analyzed. The result of analysis shows that the main failure mechanism of wear is a fatigue wear, and test criteria for failure reproduction are set up with consideration for frequency condition, surface roughness and pressure. Durability comparison test on the condition of low amplitude and high frequency is carried out. And, it is found that the durability of wear on seals by increasing hardness of cylinder and managing for surface roughness is enhanced.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.3 s.81
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• pp.441-450
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• 2004

The objectives of this study are to investigate the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns and to provide the data for developing improved seismic design criteria. The accuracy and objectivity of the assessment process can be enhanced by the use of sophisticated nonlinear finite element analysis program. A computer program, named RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology), for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures was used. Material nonlinearity is taken into account by comprising tensile, compressive and shear models of cracked concrete and a model of reinforcing steel. The low-cycle fatigue damage of both concrete and reinforcing bars has been also considered in order to predict a reliable seismic behavior. The proposed numerical method for the prediction of seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns is verified by comparison with the reliable experimental results.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to assess the seismic performance of hollow reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge columns, and to provide data for developing improved seismic design criteria. By using a sophisticated nonlinear finite element analysis program, the accuracy and objectivity of the assessment process can be enhanced. A computer program, RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology), is used to analyze reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures. Tensile, compressive and shear models of cracked concrete and models of reinforcing and prestressing steel were used to account for the material nonlinearity of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. The smeared crack approach was incorporated. The proposed numerical method for the seismic performance assessment of hollow reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge columns is verified by comparing it with the reliable experimental results. Additionally, the studies and discussions presented in this investigation provide an insight into the key behavioral aspects of hollow reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge columns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1352-1363
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand consumer needs through fashion sensibilities on Character T-shirts. This study suggests the basis of planning effective design of Character T-Shirts by categorizing. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Fashion sensibility factors such as aestheticism, visibility, cutesiness, flexibility occupied 57.2% of the total. 2. The types of the Character T-Shirts were classified into four groups. The four types showed significant differences in all fashion sensibility. Aestheticism had its highest and lowest values in types 3 and 4, respectively; visibility in types 4 and 1, respectively; cutesiness in types 2 and 4, respectively; and flexibility in types 2 and 1. respectively. 3. As for the relation of consumer sensibility to fashion sensibilities, impulse related to eight adjectives; buying to nine adjectives; and recommendation to twelve adjectives. Impulse, buying and recommendation related to aestheticism and visibility.4. In the demographical aspect of fashion sensibilities and consumer sensibilities, significant differences found in age, gender, job and academic level. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as criteria of improving fashion sensibility consumer sensibility of Character T-Shirts. Especially, enhanced comsumer sensibility is expected by the elimination of texts and the choice of preferred character actions and vivid warm colors.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

Purpose: The first grade of Korea's Building Energy Efficiency Rating System(BEERS) is required for new government office buildings as a mandatory measure to reduce greenhouse gas emission. However, there is no specific criteria about performance that which level should apply to energy-saving design element for obtaining Building Energy Efficiency Rating 1st grade. Therefore, Certification status should be analyzed firstly, about the office building which is certificated. Certification analysis for office buildings acquired certification therefore should be done first. Method: In this study, Certification status(Office buildings acquired Building Energy Efficiency Rating Certification)was analyzed by classified year, region, specific scale etc. And we analyzed statistically by eliciting an average value of each element influencing to the amount of energy. Result: Energy demands were gradually decreased due to revision of thermal insulation standards for enhanced u-value. Energy consumptions were different from the kind of equipment and yearly trends applied depending on the size of the building. Total primary energy consumptions were influenced by heat source types and the primary energy scale factors.