• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.221-223
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• 2008

SRY gene is normally responsible for testis induction, yet testis development can occur in the absence of SRY. In here, we analyzed the SRY-negative sex reversal in cocker spaniel, at 1.5 year-old. The attacked dog was suffered from enlarged clitoris, and resulted in disorder of urination. By surgically approach, enlarged clitoris and one testis, which are apparently seen, are removed. Additionally, thorough the abdomen surgery, uterus and ovary-like mass were removed. The dog had XX, chromosome, showed negative for SRY-gene, and the mass had the ovary-testis structure. In other words, based on the macroscopic, cytogenic, and histological study, we can diagnose the cocker spaniel as SRY-negative sex reversal.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.247-250
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• 2007

A 3-year-old, intact female English cocker spaniel dog was evaluated for an acute onset of tetraplegia. Utilizing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the cause of the neurologic deficits was determined to be an peracute hemorrhage of spinal cord. The MR study additionally demonstrated parenchymal hyperintensity on T2weighted images and similarly located hypointensity on T1weighted images. Hemorrhagic myelomalcia was suspected based on these MR characteristics, which was subsequently confirmed histopathologically.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.197-199
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• 2004

A 2-month-old intact female English Cocker Spaniel weighting 2.8 kg was presented with pollakiuria and urinary incontinence. On the inspection, moisture around the perineum and hindlegs was observed with a mild urine odor. No other abnormalities were detected on physical examination. Retrograde vaginourethrography revealed the urachal remnant. The vesicourachal diverticulum was surgically removed without complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2006

A 1-year-old, female English cocker spaniel (ECS) dog was presented with 3-month history of vomiting and retaking of the vomitus, and chronic weight loss. The client had noticed mild abdominal distension 10 days before. The dog was diagnosed as chronic hepatitis with hepatic cirrhosis based on complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profiles, radiography, ascites assessment, bile acid evaluation, and liver biopsy through exploratory laparotomy and necropsy. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed mild anemia, slightly elevated hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST), increased creatinine kinase (CK), hyperammonemia, and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was transudate according to analysis of components. Bile acid assessment (fasting; $174.4{\mu}mol/L$ and postprandial; $198.4{\mu}mol/L$) showed strongly suspected hepatic insufficiency. On radiological findings, ascites was evident. Atrophied liver (especially left side lobes) and distended mesenteric vasculatures were observed by exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of marginal lesion of left lateral lobe of liver by biopsy revealed the necrosis of hepatic cells, dilation of sinusoids, infiltration of neutrophils in sinusoids, and vacuolation of hepatic cytoplasm. The patient had been managed with careful low protein diet and specific supportive therapy (ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisolone, vitamine E, and interferon). Vomiting and ascites disappeared with medical management. The dog was monitored periodically by CBC, serum chemistry and radiographic examination. The dog survived more 18 months with medical therapy. After spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.190-195
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• 2019

We aimed to identify genomic variations as well as the marker genes related with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD) in Canis lupus familiaris using whole genome resequencing, which provides valuable resources for further study. Two ten-year old female Canis lupus familiaris English cocker spaniels were used for this study, one control and one who had been diagnosed as CMVD. For the whole genome resequencing, muscles from the left ventricular wall were collected from each dog. With the HiSeq DNA Shotgun library and $HiSeq^{TM}$ 2000 platform, whole genome resequencing was performed. From the results, we identified 5 million and 6 million variants in gene expression in the control and CMVD-diagnosed subject, respectively. We then selected the top 1,000 genes from the SNP, INS, and DEL mutation and 675 genes among them were overlapped for every mutation between the control and CMVD-diagnosed patient. Interestingly, in both groups, the intron variant (91.16 and 91.18%) and upstream variant (3.10 and 3.08%) are most highly related. Among the overlapped 675 genes, gene ontology for intracellular signal transduction is highly counted in INS, and DEL, and SNPs (35, 33, 31, respectively). In this study, we found that the COL and CDH gene families could be key molecules in identifying the difference in gene expression between control and CMVD-diagnosed dogs. We believe further studies will prove the importance of variants in key molecule expression and that these data will serve as a valuable foundation stone the study of canine CMVD.