• Title/Summary/Keyword: English Test

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The Development of College Adjustment Program for Freshmen via Admission Officer System (입학사정관제 신입생을 위한 대학적응교육 프로그램 개발)

  • Yune, So-Jung;Yoon, Chae-Young
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.23-34
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    • 2011
  • The primary purpose of this study was to develop a college adjustment program for freshmen through admission officer system that relies less on test scores and on the various talents evaluated by admissions officers. To help these talented students adjust the new life of the university and enhance their gifts, a college adjustment program was developed with their special needs and characteristics. For that, the survey with 57 students and in-depth interviews with 12 students were conducted. The results revealed that the students wanted to learn study skills, self-management, global mind setting, and life vision and goals setting. Most of the students were worried about their grades because they entered the school with their talents and experience in diverse activities not SAT scores. To promote their academic performance, this program consisted of an academic readiness program which complements students' abilities in primary subjects like math, English, and science, and a potential progress program which is peer-group learning communities based on their own interests like global learning communities, creative learning communities, and service-learning communities. This program was suggested in the context of Comprehensive Development Model. To carry out the program systematically, related organizations and colleges should collaborate with each other.

An Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Face Mask Use Scale's Korean Version among Community-Dwelling Adults (한국어판 마스크 착용 이행 측정 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 평가: 지역사회 거주 일반 성인을 대상으로)

  • Lee, Kyungmi;Shin, Nayeon;Kang, Younhee
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.549-560
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Face Mask Use Scale (K-FMUS) among community-dwelling adults. Methods: The participants of the study were community-dwelling adults in Korea using face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The English FMUS was translated into Korean using forward and backward translation procedures. The construct validity and reliability of the K-FMUS were evaluated using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the internal consistency reliability test. Results: The K-FMUS comprised 6 items divided into 2 factors. The variance of the factors was approximately 79.1%, which suggested that the scale indicated the effectiveness of face mask usage. The two factors were labeled as face mask use in society (4 items) and face mask use at home (2 items). Cronbach's α value for the overall scale was .88. Conclusion: The K-FMUS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure face mask usage among community-dwelling adults in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors Influencing Consumer Behavior Towards Green Consumption: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

  • NGUYEN, Lan;NGUYEN, Van-Thien;HOANG, Uyen Thu
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.8 no.10
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to investigate factors influencing customer behavior towards nylon bags and single-use plastics. These factors are environmental protection awareness, health protection awareness, sense of responsibility, expectations, and green marketing. A quantitative method with the use of surveys is deployed to collect data of young people under 30, generating 1650 valid responses. The collected data is then analyzed with SPSS 22, using Cronbach's Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis to test the reliability of the model before validating the hypotheses by regression analysis. The study found that the majority of respondents are inclined to use plastic bags, despite their environmental awareness. The results also demonstrate that health consciousness, environmental concerns, self-driven responsibility for the sustainability of young people have a significant impact on their behaviors in using nylon bags and plastic products, whereas expectation and green marketing are confirmed not to be the factors. The study suggests that if green marketing is to gain higher influence, an increase in research and development to support other environmentally friendly packaging would be the right path. Finally, this research proposes some feasible recommendations for the government, which include imposing bolder and more targeted environmental policies on consumers and introducing educational campaigns to raise awareness about minimizing plastic consumption.

The Related Factors on Cervical Cancer Screening Intention among Married Immigrant Women based on the Health Belief Model (결혼이민여성의 자궁경부암 검진에 대한 건강신념, 문화적 장애성 및 자궁경부암 검진 의도의 영향 요인)

  • Koo, Sang-Mee;Kang, Moon Hee
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.405-415
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of health beliefs, cultural barriers, and intentions of cervical cancer screening behaviors in married immigrant women and provide information for the development of intervention programs. Methods: The subjects were 207 married immigrant women living D and S cities, and G and Y counties. The data were collected from April to June 2019, using a self-report structured questionnaire that was translated into English, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean, and analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: As a result of this study, it was found that the intention of cervical cancer screening for married immigrant women were high when they had a job (β=-.17, p=.014), experience of Pap testing within the past year (β=-.28, p<.001), experience of cervical cancer prevention education (β=-.18, p=.008), and a higher perceived sensitivity (β=.18, p=.016). All of these variables together explained 22% of the intention of cervical cancer screening behaviors in immigrant women married to Korean men. Conclusion: In order to increase the cervical cancer screening behaviors in married immigrant women, intervention strategies to increase perceived susceptibility and decrease cultural barriers for immigrant women should be developed.

A Research on Assessing and Improving EPTA (English Proficiency Test for Aviation) using Qualitative Research Method

  • Choi, Jin-Kook;Olivares, Cynthia Iris Arias
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 2022
  • 항공교통관제사와 조종사 사이의 의사소통은 항공기 운항 안전에 있어서 매우 중요한 요소이다. 국제민간항공기구(ICAO)는 민간항공운송산업의 발전과 안전 도모를 위해 조종사 영어자격능력 시험을 의무사항으로 규정하고 있다. 왜냐하면 조종사의 우수한 의사소통능력은 비상상황 또는 비정상상황을 즉각적으로 대응할 수 있는 매우 필수적인 능력들 중 하나이기 때문이다. 대한민국 국토교통부는 2006년부터 ICAO EPTA 시험을 민간항공운송에서 조종사 의무자격시험으로 법적으로 규정하고 산하기관인 교통안전공단을 통해 시험을 주관하고 있다. 본 연구는 EPTA 시험에 응시하는 응시자의 시험에 대한 신뢰성을 증진시키고 시험제도의 발전방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 첫째, EPTA 시험제도와 관련한 이론적 배경을 고찰하였다. 둘째, EPTA 시험제도의 국내에서 정착 및 발전과정을 살펴보았다. 셋째, EPTA 시험제도의 신뢰성증진 및 발전방안 모색을 위해 총 15명의 항공전문가들을 대상으로 질적 연구를 수행하였다. 본론의 질적연구를 통해 연구자들은 국외 ICAO 공식 인증 EPTA 시험결과와 국내 교통안전공단이 주관하는 EPTA 시험결과를 바탕으로 교차응시에 따른 EPTA 등급을 비교·분석할 수 있었으며 시험응시자들에 대한 인터뷰를 통해 국내 EPTA 시험 발전을 위한 개선방안을 도출하였다.

A Study on the Development of Adaptive Learning System through EEG-based Learning Achievement Prediction

  • Jinwoo, KIM;Hosung, WOO
    • Fourth Industrial Review
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2023
  • Purpose - By designing a PEF(Personalized Education Feedback) system for real-time prediction of learning achievement and motivation through real-time EEG analysis of learners, this system provides some modules of a personalized adaptive learning system. By applying these modules to e-learning and offline learning, they motivate learners and improve the quality of learning progress and effective learning outcomes can be achieved for immersive self-directed learning Research design, data, and methodology - EEG data were collected simultaneously as the English test was given to the experimenters, and the correlation between the correct answer result and the EEG data was learned with a machine learning algorithm and the predictive model was evaluated.. Result - In model performance evaluation, both artificial neural networks(ANNs) and support vector machines(SVMs) showed high accuracy of more than 91%. Conclusion - This research provides some modules of personalized adaptive learning systems that can more efficiently complete by designing a PEF system for real-time learning achievement prediction and learning motivation through an adaptive learning system based on real-time EEG analysis of learners. The implication of this initial research is to verify hypothetical situations for the development of an adaptive learning system through EEG analysis-based learning achievement prediction.

The Europeanization of Bulgarian Nationalism: The Impact of Bulgaria's European Union Accession on Bulgarian-Macedonian Relations

  • Benedict E., DeDominicis
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.39-66
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    • 2022
  • Modern Bulgarian nationalists aspired towards incorporating the self-identified Bulgarian lands into the Bulgarian state. The Treaty of San Stefano ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 tantalizingly achieved these so-called national ideals. Great Power diplomacy quickly diminished Bulgaria's borders and international legal status with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, exacerbating nationalist grievances. Bulgaria would expand vast resources to restore the San Stefano borders until Balkan Communist authoritarian regimes eventually suppressed the Macedonian issue as a foreign policy subject. Sofia's policy towards its neighbor has been overdetermined by the efforts of successive Bulgarian governments to institutionalize post-communist Bulgaria's own national identity. Bulgaria's integration into so-called Euro-Atlantic structures, i.e., NATO and the EU, had been the primary strategic objective of the Bulgarian authorities since the end of the Zhivkov regime. North Atlantic community security policy aims in response to the earliest post-Cold War foreign policy crises in the Western Balkans framed the parameters of Bulgarian diplomacy. The stabilization of FYROM in 2001, followed by Bulgaria's 2007 EU accession, led to Bulgarian nationalist values become more salient in Bulgarian politics and foreign policy. Sofia-Skopje relations are a test case for the effects of Europeanization on interdependent Balkan ethno-sectarian nationalisms and state territorial institutional development.

Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Otitis Media in Children : A Literature Review of Randomised Controlled Trials (소아청소년기 중이염의 천연물 의약품 치료 : 무작위 대조군 연구에 대한 문헌 고찰)

  • Da Hee Hong;Min Hee Kim
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.42-56
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    • 2024
  • Objectives : The purpose of this literature review is to analyze herbal medicine's efficacy in pediatric otitis media. Methods : Six databases(Pubmed, CNKI, RISS, KISS, KCI, OASIS) were used to search randomized controlled trials related to pediatric otitis media until October 2023. Total nine studies written in Korean, English, Chinese, and German were selected and analyzed. Results : Recurrent otitis media was treated with Kami-hyunggyeyungyo-tang, Echinacea purpurea, and Sipjeondaebo-tang. For acute otitis media, Otovowen and Sopunghaedok capsule were administered, while Oryung-san, Chongyi-tang, and Changyija-san were used for otitis media with effusion. Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草) and Cnidii Rhizome(川芎) were the most frequently used. Objective measures showed superior effects in the herbal medicine group for otoscopic examination, impedance test, audiometry, and fever. Sipjeondaebo-tang exhibited significant efficacy in recurrent otitis media treatment, possibly related to warming-interior medicine(溫裏藥) or blood-invigorating medicine(血分藥). Conclusion : Analyzing studies revealed herbal medicine's superiority for pediatric otitis media over conventional approaches.

Accelerometer-based Gesture Recognition for Robot Interface (로봇 인터페이스 활용을 위한 가속도 센서 기반 제스처 인식)

  • Jang, Min-Su;Cho, Yong-Suk;Kim, Jae-Hong;Sohn, Joo-Chan
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.53-69
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    • 2011
  • Vision and voice-based technologies are commonly utilized for human-robot interaction. But it is widely recognized that the performance of vision and voice-based interaction systems is deteriorated by a large margin in the real-world situations due to environmental and user variances. Human users need to be very cooperative to get reasonable performance, which significantly limits the usability of the vision and voice-based human-robot interaction technologies. As a result, touch screens are still the major medium of human-robot interaction for the real-world applications. To empower the usability of robots for various services, alternative interaction technologies should be developed to complement the problems of vision and voice-based technologies. In this paper, we propose the use of accelerometer-based gesture interface as one of the alternative technologies, because accelerometers are effective in detecting the movements of human body, while their performance is not limited by environmental contexts such as lighting conditions or camera's field-of-view. Moreover, accelerometers are widely available nowadays in many mobile devices. We tackle the problem of classifying acceleration signal patterns of 26 English alphabets, which is one of the essential repertoires for the realization of education services based on robots. Recognizing 26 English handwriting patterns based on accelerometers is a very difficult task to take over because of its large scale of pattern classes and the complexity of each pattern. The most difficult problem that has been undertaken which is similar to our problem was recognizing acceleration signal patterns of 10 handwritten digits. Most previous studies dealt with pattern sets of 8~10 simple and easily distinguishable gestures that are useful for controlling home appliances, computer applications, robots etc. Good features are essential for the success of pattern recognition. To promote the discriminative power upon complex English alphabet patterns, we extracted 'motion trajectories' out of input acceleration signal and used them as the main feature. Investigative experiments showed that classifiers based on trajectory performed 3%~5% better than those with raw features e.g. acceleration signal itself or statistical figures. To minimize the distortion of trajectories, we applied a simple but effective set of smoothing filters and band-pass filters. It is well known that acceleration patterns for the same gesture is very different among different performers. To tackle the problem, online incremental learning is applied for our system to make it adaptive to the users' distinctive motion properties. Our system is based on instance-based learning (IBL) where each training sample is memorized as a reference pattern. Brute-force incremental learning in IBL continuously accumulates reference patterns, which is a problem because it not only slows down the classification but also downgrades the recall performance. Regarding the latter phenomenon, we observed a tendency that as the number of reference patterns grows, some reference patterns contribute more to the false positive classification. Thus, we devised an algorithm for optimizing the reference pattern set based on the positive and negative contribution of each reference pattern. The algorithm is performed periodically to remove reference patterns that have a very low positive contribution or a high negative contribution. Experiments were performed on 6500 gesture patterns collected from 50 adults of 30~50 years old. Each alphabet was performed 5 times per participant using $Nintendo{(R)}$ $Wii^{TM}$ remote. Acceleration signal was sampled in 100hz on 3 axes. Mean recall rate for all the alphabets was 95.48%. Some alphabets recorded very low recall rate and exhibited very high pairwise confusion rate. Major confusion pairs are D(88%) and P(74%), I(81%) and U(75%), N(88%) and W(100%). Though W was recalled perfectly, it contributed much to the false positive classification of N. By comparison with major previous results from VTT (96% for 8 control gestures), CMU (97% for 10 control gestures) and Samsung Electronics(97% for 10 digits and a control gesture), we could find that the performance of our system is superior regarding the number of pattern classes and the complexity of patterns. Using our gesture interaction system, we conducted 2 case studies of robot-based edutainment services. The services were implemented on various robot platforms and mobile devices including $iPhone^{TM}$. The participating children exhibited improved concentration and active reaction on the service with our gesture interface. To prove the effectiveness of our gesture interface, a test was taken by the children after experiencing an English teaching service. The test result showed that those who played with the gesture interface-based robot content marked 10% better score than those with conventional teaching. We conclude that the accelerometer-based gesture interface is a promising technology for flourishing real-world robot-based services and content by complementing the limits of today's conventional interfaces e.g. touch screen, vision and voice.

Sentiment Analysis of Korean Reviews Using CNN: Focusing on Morpheme Embedding (CNN을 적용한 한국어 상품평 감성분석: 형태소 임베딩을 중심으로)

  • Park, Hyun-jung;Song, Min-chae;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.59-83
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    • 2018
  • With the increasing importance of sentiment analysis to grasp the needs of customers and the public, various types of deep learning models have been actively applied to English texts. In the sentiment analysis of English texts by deep learning, natural language sentences included in training and test datasets are usually converted into sequences of word vectors before being entered into the deep learning models. In this case, word vectors generally refer to vector representations of words obtained through splitting a sentence by space characters. There are several ways to derive word vectors, one of which is Word2Vec used for producing the 300 dimensional Google word vectors from about 100 billion words of Google News data. They have been widely used in the studies of sentiment analysis of reviews from various fields such as restaurants, movies, laptops, cameras, etc. Unlike English, morpheme plays an essential role in sentiment analysis and sentence structure analysis in Korean, which is a typical agglutinative language with developed postpositions and endings. A morpheme can be defined as the smallest meaningful unit of a language, and a word consists of one or more morphemes. For example, for a word '예쁘고', the morphemes are '예쁘(= adjective)' and '고(=connective ending)'. Reflecting the significance of Korean morphemes, it seems reasonable to adopt the morphemes as a basic unit in Korean sentiment analysis. Therefore, in this study, we use 'morpheme vector' as an input to a deep learning model rather than 'word vector' which is mainly used in English text. The morpheme vector refers to a vector representation for the morpheme and can be derived by applying an existent word vector derivation mechanism to the sentences divided into constituent morphemes. By the way, here come some questions as follows. What is the desirable range of POS(Part-Of-Speech) tags when deriving morpheme vectors for improving the classification accuracy of a deep learning model? Is it proper to apply a typical word vector model which primarily relies on the form of words to Korean with a high homonym ratio? Will the text preprocessing such as correcting spelling or spacing errors affect the classification accuracy, especially when drawing morpheme vectors from Korean product reviews with a lot of grammatical mistakes and variations? We seek to find empirical answers to these fundamental issues, which may be encountered first when applying various deep learning models to Korean texts. As a starting point, we summarized these issues as three central research questions as follows. First, which is better effective, to use morpheme vectors from grammatically correct texts of other domain than the analysis target, or to use morpheme vectors from considerably ungrammatical texts of the same domain, as the initial input of a deep learning model? Second, what is an appropriate morpheme vector derivation method for Korean regarding the range of POS tags, homonym, text preprocessing, minimum frequency? Third, can we get a satisfactory level of classification accuracy when applying deep learning to Korean sentiment analysis? As an approach to these research questions, we generate various types of morpheme vectors reflecting the research questions and then compare the classification accuracy through a non-static CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) model taking in the morpheme vectors. As for training and test datasets, Naver Shopping's 17,260 cosmetics product reviews are used. To derive morpheme vectors, we use data from the same domain as the target one and data from other domain; Naver shopping's about 2 million cosmetics product reviews and 520,000 Naver News data arguably corresponding to Google's News data. The six primary sets of morpheme vectors constructed in this study differ in terms of the following three criteria. First, they come from two types of data source; Naver news of high grammatical correctness and Naver shopping's cosmetics product reviews of low grammatical correctness. Second, they are distinguished in the degree of data preprocessing, namely, only splitting sentences or up to additional spelling and spacing corrections after sentence separation. Third, they vary concerning the form of input fed into a word vector model; whether the morphemes themselves are entered into a word vector model or with their POS tags attached. The morpheme vectors further vary depending on the consideration range of POS tags, the minimum frequency of morphemes included, and the random initialization range. All morpheme vectors are derived through CBOW(Continuous Bag-Of-Words) model with the context window 5 and the vector dimension 300. It seems that utilizing the same domain text even with a lower degree of grammatical correctness, performing spelling and spacing corrections as well as sentence splitting, and incorporating morphemes of any POS tags including incomprehensible category lead to the better classification accuracy. The POS tag attachment, which is devised for the high proportion of homonyms in Korean, and the minimum frequency standard for the morpheme to be included seem not to have any definite influence on the classification accuracy.