• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.7-27
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• 2006

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influenced the construction of London Eye which was led by private groups, including characteristics in progress, differentiated value in design, the combination of technology and design, and construction costs. The results of this study were the followings. 1) London Eye provides a new construction method for a landmark in the downtown in that the architects became the clients of the project which might have been hoarded, procuring the construction costs and completing it by themselves. 2) London Eye presents a space utilization method where undeveloped spaces in the downtown are used in three-dimensions by erecting a structure on the river with a minimum land. 3) The process of design, production and erection is propelled the realization of technical intention design with one system and from at the initial stage, the participation of the engineer where the designer is equal with you must accompany. 4) London Eye is endowed with strong shape by a circle in design concept, which is the simplest geometrical figure, and it provides organic relationship between the past and the present by utilizing historical elements in various ways. 5) The construction was completed through four phases including idea phase, promotion phase, turn-key contract phase, and design-build phase. The most critical factor to the success is derived from the direct contact with Involved companies from the production phase. 6) In a project facing many challenges in terms of technology, the design-build method proves to be a more effective method than turn-key contract in that it may more allocate risks and enable coherent implementation of the core concept in design. The organization for the design-build method was composed of three phases including general affairs, responsible contracting by sector, and cooperative system by sector. Since that was a new concept structure, high-level contractors who hadn't had existing cooperative relationships with one another formed new cooperative relationship, while collaborating companies who had long cooperated led the responsible contracting and sub-cooperative system, which resulted in reduction of risks and time. 7) The major factors to change design were the design characteristics, derived from a technically great combination, and the opening time. 8) A new erection method was applied to London Eye, a structure that overcame the limitation in land and period, and the process of installation demonstrated that it is an important value for the construction of a landmark in the city. 9) In spite of many visitors and tremendous operational income, the factors that London Eye fails to free itself from debts include the construction costs expended double than expected, and interest burden to the investments, which occurred in the course of procuring the costs. Absolute limit in time increased the construction costs, resulting in being a great obstacle in the course of operation.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.875-882
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• 2021

통상적으로 직업소음에 의한 청력손실을 최소화하기 위해서는 작업자가 8시간 동안 85 dBA 이상 소음에 노출되지 않도록 권고하고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 실습선박에서 7종류의 담당업무별 작업자들의 소음노출레벨을 측정하였다. 항해 중, 24시간 동안 작업자의 위치하는 A특성등가소음레벨(L_Aeq,i)과 소음장소의 지속기간(h) 및 소음기여도(L_ex,24h,i)를 고려한 소음노출레벨(L_ex,24h)을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 갑판사관 그룹 L_ex,24h=56.1 dB, 갑판부원 그룹은 L_ex,24h=58.9 dB, 실습항해사들은 L_ex,24h=62.0 dB, 취사부원들은 L_ex,24h=64.3 dB, 실습기관사그룹은 L_ex,24h=91.1 dB, 기관사관 그룹은 L_ex,24h=91.1 dB, 그리고 기관부원 그룹은 L_ex,24h=95.1 dB를 나타내고 있다. 따라서 기관 업무를 담당하는 기관사들, 기관부원들 그리고 기관실습생들은 반드시 청력보호구를 착용해야함을 알 수 있었다. 소음이 심한 기관실에서 청력보호구를 착용한다면 기관사관그룹은 L_ex,24h=23.1 dB, 기관부원그룹은 L_ex,24h=24.4 dB 그리고 기관실습생들은 L_ex,24h=21.5 dB의 소음노출레벨을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 또한 실습생들의 거주구역인 제2 강의실 겸 식당구역에 바닥시공을 64 mm, A-60-class 뜬바닥 구조로 개선했다면 실습항해사들의 소음노출도는 L_ex,24h=4.3 dB, 실습기관사들은 L_ex,24h=1.8 dB 정도 추가적인 감소가 있었을 것이다.