• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.189-206
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• 2016

It was required to attach the documents on the details of external audit including the number of the participants in external audit, audited parts and audit times under the Article 7-2 on the audit report to the accounting audit report from 2014 in accordance with the amendment to the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies. This study aim to calculate the audit fee based on the estimated cost of service calculation of the government contribution agencies by reflecting the implementation of the revised external audit. This study calculated the audit fee for the target company (a listed company assumed to have no internal control risks and relevant audit risks for unqualified opinion in the previous year, 100 billion won of total amount of asset, manufacturing company in the previous year and preliminary client request) by putting together four items of expenditure including employment costs, expenditure, general management expenses and profit in accordance with the calculation system of cost of service under the State Contract Act. Then, it used the data collected from the documents on the details of the revised external audit after requesting estimation on the target company with the estimated cost to Big-4 accounting firms to identify the participants and times of the accounting audit. The employment costs applied 150% of participation rate of the base price of employment costs for the academic research service cost in 2014, the expenditure used the average value of accounting firms of corporate business management analysis of the Bank of Korea (2013), the general management expenses applied 5% of the general management rate of service business under Article 7-1 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to which the State is a Party and the profit applied 10% of profit rate of service business under Article 7-2 of the Enforcement Rule of the Act on Contracts to which the State is a Party. Based on the calculation of the estimated costs by applying the above, the audit fee was estimated at 50,617,769won. Although the result is not the optimal audit fee, it may be used as a basic scale to compare the audit fees of companies without criteria. Also, such amendment to the Act on External Audit of Stock Companies may improve independence of auditors and transparency of the accounting system rather than previous announcing only the total audit times.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2008

After the railway reform in 2004, Korea National Railroad was divided into two separate organizations. The Korea Railway Network Authority is responsible for the construction of new line. Korea Railroad corporation is a public-owned railway operator. The compensation for the loss of rail operator from the Public Service Obligation(PSO) observance is specified in the Law of Rail Industry Development No.32, No.33. However, it is necessary to revise the compensation criteria of PSO after the actual enforcement of the law for more efficient rail operation. This study aims for revising compensation criteria of PSO. In this study, we suggested a revised compensation criteria. The scope of compensation for the loss of regional line operation was adjusted by new criteria considering the characteristics and the business results of the line. The compensation rate is linked with the actual business results of the line for giving motivation to the rail operator.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.55
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• pp.63-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to examine the consideration factors, from both parties' perspective, to select the most appropriate arbitral institution when they inset an arbitration clause in their contract. Accordingly, the author analyzed the advantages of institutional arbitration compared to non-institutional arbitration. The typical advantages of institutional arbitration would include: $\bullet$ Benefits of using an established set of rules $\bullet$ Services provided by the institution $\bullet$ Low risks of obstruction $\bullet$ Enhancement of the possibilities of enforcement $\bullet$ Forecast of the estimated cost $\bullet$ Specially useful for existing disputes Next, this author examined the consideration factors when selecting the institution in respect of the following factors: $\bullet$ Institution's arbitration rules $\bullet$ Institution's rule regarding the appointment of arbitrators $\bullet$ Ability of administrators of each institution $\bullet$ Reputation of the arbitral institution and the likability of enforceability of its award $\bullet$ Cost $\bullet$ Choice of the arbitral institution in relation to the choice of place of arbitration Finally, this author reviewed Model Arbitration Clause of major international or local Institutions, including ICC, AAA, LCIA, KCAB, CIETAC, ICSID and WIPO. Further examination was given to the selection of the numbers of the arbitral tribunal, the seat of arbitration and the language of arbitration, according to the designated articles in each institution's arbitration rules.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.41
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• pp.135-165
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• 2009

It is not difficult to understand from laws and practices in arbitration area that arbitrators appointed have as many rights as their duties to do their performing duties especially to participate in the proceeding and deliberations of the arbitral process. However, sometimes can be happened that an arbitrator who was appointed by a party, refuses to participate in the proceeding or resign during the arbitral process. Generally, in the case, it is provided that the arbitrator who fails to act can be replaced by a substitute arbitrator. When it is decided to change an arbitrator, the appointment of an substitute arbitrator is likely to cause time delay, high cost with inconvenience. And also it is to be considered for additional cost and delay from possible need for repeating the hearings that were held at former arbitral tribunal. Sometimes, a party want to delay intentionally the arbitration process by using right for challenging arbitrator or designing with an arbitrator who was appointed by the party. That is why the reason it has been discussed for allowing the truncated tribunal that the remaining arbitrators that is named as truncated tribunal are permitted to complete the proceeding and issue decisions or arbitral awards. Unfortunately there are uncertain views on the validity of arbitral proceeding or recognitions and enforcement of truncated tribunal decisions in international commercial arbitration. In this article it is focusing on discussing truncated tribunal's benefits or barriers and problems through comparing with famous arbitral rules of international arbitral institutes including rules of UNCITRAL, LCIA, KCAB and the revising draft arbitration rule of UNCITRAL.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.185-190
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• 2005

Purpose: Once the decision has been made to adopt an integrated medical information system (IMIS), there are a number of issues to overcome. Users need to be aware of the impact the change will make on end users and be prepared to address issues that arise before they become problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the benefits and unexpected problems encountered in the implementation of IMIS and to determine a useful framework for IMIS. Materials and Methods: The Yonsei University Dental Hospital is steadily constructing an IMIS. The vendor's PACS software, Piview STAR, supports transactions between workstations that are approved to integrating the healthcare enterprise (IHE) with security function. It is necessary to develop an excellent framework that is good for the patient, healthcare provider and information system vendors, in an expert, efficient, and cost-effective manner. Results : The problems encountered with IMIS implementation were high initial investments, delay of EMR enforcement, underdevelopment of digital radiographic appliances and software and insufficient educational training for users. Conclusions: The clinical environments of dental IMIS is some different from the medical situation. The best way to overcome these differences is to establish a gold standard of dental IMIS integration, which estimates the cost payback. The IHE and its technical framework are good for the patient, the health care provider and all information systems vendors.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.181-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems associated with the domestic fashion sewing industry and suggest solutions for re-development. The research methods are a content analysis of literature, including articles and reports, and interviewing practitioners who are in charge of the fashion industry. The problems of the domestic fashion sewing industry are as follows. 1. Weakness in price competitiveness and a lack of work. 2. Aging of workers and difficulty securing new workers. 3. The age of the production facilities and the lack of manpower required for mass production. 4. Unrealistically low cost of labor due to over-competition considering the lack of work.5. The prevalence of illegal label grinding. The solutions to the problems listed above are as follows. 1. Establishment of a win-win effort between fashion brands and sewing companies. 2. Allow systematic education, support, and development of a meister system for fostering sewing manpower. 3. Undertake efforts to improve the sewing work environment. 4. Establishment of the system for realizing the actual cost of labor. 5. Establishment of a quota system to secure domestic sewing production. 6. Construction of Smart DB to connect work orders. 7. Construction of a smart factory using technology such as automated systems of production suitable for the 4th Industrial Age. 8. Enforcement of specialized strategies to encourage fashion sewing companies, not only Seoul but also in other urban areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.143-148
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• 2008

This study is VE LCC case analysis on two school BTL projects which is constructed by Private sector and rented to government. Then private sector payback their initial cost and profit by rental fee from government. The VE in Korea, revised by the method of the Construction Technique - Enforcement Ordinance in 2005 is applicable to construction business which size is over 10 billion won. The VE well known as a way of productivity elevation is already proven and outstanding management method In construction industry inside and outside of the courtly. As its unique personality of BTL business, VE workshop period is too short. There is a few accomplished BTL project and data base, because BTL business begun from year of 2006. So we are trying to proof effect of VE LCC through case study of school BTL projects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2015

This study was conducted to analyze the actual utilization rate of the deposit for defect repair of apartment complexes and its influential factors. We analyzed the data on enforced defect deposit cases by using one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis. The difference between the deposit amount specified and the enforcement amount actually disbursed was found to about 0.51%. The change rates for short-term costs amounted approximately to $839KRW/m^2$ and 130,000 KRW/household per year, and those for long-term costs were $647KRW/m^2$ and 123,207 KRW/household per year. The results warrant the need for further research on establishing a deposit amount based on actual statistical data.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Goods, services and construction works needed by central government entities, local government entities, and other public institutions are procured with national budget. For efficient budget execution, Article 9 Paragraph 1 of the Enforcement Decree of the Act on Contracts to Which the State is a Party (hereinafter "State Contract Act") provides for the criteria for determining estimated price. Sub-paragraph 2 of the paragraph provides for the "determination of estimated price by cost calculation". On this legal basis, pricing criteria for the determination of estimated price, based on the project purpose, are announced by responsible authorities. This study analyzes the pricing criteria for technology services and proposes a price calculation methodology that can ensure transparency, as a practical improvement for more rational and efficient budget execution in the public sector.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to clearly recognize critical issues and to suggest relevant solutions for the issues since too many deaths and injuries due to industrial accidents has been going on for a long time, also the deaths of workers is a problem that affects not only one person's death but also many people connected with it and society as a whole. And the need for a strict Serious Accidents Punishment Act is sympathetic. However, the current Severe Accident Punishment Act is not welcomed by both labor and management due to its ambiguity, and it is suggested that the punishment and legislative content of the management manager who violated the duty to ensure safety and health is abstract and the level of punishment is excessive. In addition, due to the ambiguous part of the management manager's interpretation and serious industrial accidents, most companies appoint large law firms to receive legal interpretation and advice, so only law firms are getting full, and the cost that companies invest to protect the CEO is actually a safety accident. It is suggested that the current enforcement ordinance, which has ambiguity, needs to be revised because it must be entered into as a preventive cost.