• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.477-485
• /
• 2023

In this paper, the effect of AC ripple on the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries is experimentally analyzed. Bidirectional power conversion system(PCS) is used to increase the efficiency of energy storage systems (ESS). When connected to the grid, a current ripple with a frequency twice the grid frequency is applied to the battery due to its structure. Therefore, to analyze the effect of AC ripple on Li-ion battery aging, cycle life test are performed by applying charge/discharge profiles of DC current and DC+AC current ripple specifications. Based on the experimental results, direct current internal resistance (DCIR), incremental capacitance (IC), and surface temperature were analyzed. As a result, it is confirmed that AC ripple does not directly affect degradation and that battery degradation slows down after a certain cycle. These results can serve as a guideline for optimizing filters to reduce ripple on the battery side in applications where AC ripple occurs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2015

Carbon dioxide was designated as one of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Among various ways to solve the $CO_2$ emission issue, the 3rd-generation biomass (algae) production is considered as a viable method to reduce $CO_2$ in the atmosphere. In this research, we propose a design of an innovative sustainable production system by utilizing the 3rd generation biomass in the environment of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Existing biomass production systems depend on the solar energy and they cannot continue producing biomass at night. Electricity produced from offshore wind farms also need an efficient way to store the energy through energy storage system (ESS) or deliver it real-time through power grid, both requiring heavy investment of capital. Thus, we design an offshore grid structure harnessing LED lights to supply the necessary light energy, by using the electricity produced from the wind farm, resulting in the maximized production of biomass and efficient use of wind farm energy. The final design integrates the biomass production system enhanced by LED lights with a wind power generation. The suggested NLP model for the optimal design, implemented in GAMS, would be useful for designing improved offshore biomass production systems combined with the wind farm.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.1280-1287
• /
• 2019

Grid-connected bidirectional PCS(Power Conditioning System) technology is a technology for implementing distributed renewable energy smart grid. And it is always charged by using power collected from solar modules and commercial grid power among vast smart grid systems, and stored when needed.It is a hybrid energy storage device that allows power to be released into the low voltage system. To this end, a PV input power converter with MPPT function, a bidirectional power converter for battery charging and discharging, and a DC Link input are output to a 3 phase 380V AC system, and if nessary, the bidirectional DC/DC converter We designed and developed a PCS with three power converter structures composed of inverters that perform battery charging. Currently, this system is applied to the site of Jeju, which is vulnerable to power outages and fire accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 2014

The sodium-sulfur batteries which operate at $350^{\circ}C$ have been mainly used in the field of energy storage system. This batteries consist of liquid sodium anode, sulfur cathode and ${\beta}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-alumina solid electrolyte. The conditioning process for stabilization of the batteries is essential since the cells show considerable fluctuation of discharge voltage at the beginning of discharge/charge cycles. It is found that one of the reasons of the fluctuation is the gradual change of contact area between molten sodium and solid electrolyte.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.434-441
• /
• 2016

This paper deals with transformer turns ratio design with the consideration of loss minimization in isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. Generally, the rms value of current, magnitude of current at switching instance, and duty ratio of a converter vary according to the turns ratio of an isolation transformer in the converter under the same voltages and output power level. Therefore, the transformer turns ratio has an effect on the total loss in a converter. The switching and conduction losses of IGBTs and MOSFETs consisting of dual-active bridge converter are analyzed, and iron and copper losses in an isolation transformer and inductor are calculated. Total losses are calculated and measured in cases of four different transformer turns ratios through simulation and experiment with 3-kW converter, and an optimum turns ratio that provides minimum losses is found. The usefulness of the proposed transformer turns ratio design approach is verified through simulation and experimental results.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.3-17
• /
• 2020

리튬이온전지(LIB)는 기존의 다른 이차전지와 다른 확실한 몇 가지 장점이 있다. 높은 작동 전압과 높은 에너지 밀도, 긴 수명, 그리고 낮은 자체 방전 속도이다. 이러한 장점으로 모바일 제품에서부터 전기 자동차(battery electric vehicle, BEV), 최근에는 전기저장장치(energy storage system, ESS)까지 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 하지만 사용 범위가 증가함에 따라 높은 안정성을 가지며 더 큰 에너지 용량을 나타내는 리튬이온전지에 대한 요구가 점점 더 커지게 되었다. 리튬이온전지의 용량 증가는 전지의 설계보다는 양극 및 음극 재료, 분리막 및 전해질과 같은 주요 전지 재료의 기술적 진보에 달려 있다. 주요 전지 소재 중에 전지의 성능에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 전지 반응에 의한 과전압과 가격이 가장 비싼 양극이다. 본 기획 특집에서는 리튬이차전지의 성능에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 양극 물질의 종류와 향후 연구동향에 대해서 소개하고자 한다. 양극 물질의 발전 방향, 안정성과 용량 증대를 위해서 최근 연구되고 있는 방향에 대해서 자세하게 소개한다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2017

Although the effects of climate change are universal, Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are considered to be most vulnerable. SIDS heavily rely on imported oil and fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation, which makes them economically vulnerable and exposed to fluctuating oil price. Among the reasons SIDS highly depend on diesel fuel is due to the dispersed population living in remote islands which means, providing electricity through on on-grid system is difficult. Fiji as one of the SIDS, has actively promoted renewable sourced energy through a national plan to mitigate the impacts of climate change. In order to determine how feasible implementing a renewable energy (RE) system will be in Fiji, this study chose a remote island called Mavuva Island to test application of a hybrid RE system using HOMER. A combination of energy storage system (ESS), solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator turns out to be the most cost effective and optimal configuration, resulting in effective greenhouse gas reduction for the given region.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2020

Power quality problems caused by feeder voltage drop and extension construction cost problems can occur with the increasing utilization rates of the existing fixed-type EV (electric vehicle) charger. Moreover, EV users might not be able to access the EV charger due to a lack of EV charging facilities. Therefore, this paper proposes an MPSD (movable power supply device) for EVs to overcome user inconvenience caused by the insufficient number of chargers and extension cost issues. The proposed MPSD was mainly composed of a PV (photovoltaic) system, ESS (energy storage system), EV charging system, and monitoring and control system. Furthermore, there are three operation modes available to enhance the flexibility of the MPSD application, depending on the situation. This paper also presents an economical evaluation modeling using the present worth method to consider the cost and benefit elements. The simulation results based on proposed modeling showed that MPSD is more economical than the existing EV charger. Moreover, its profit can be increased significantly depending on the distance to the installation point.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.209-213
• /
• 2019

Recently, demand for high energy density and long cycling stability of energy storage system has increased for application using with frequency regulation (F/R) in power grid. Supercapacitor have long lifetime and high charge and discharge rate, it is very adaptable to apply a frequency regulation in power grid. Supercapacitor can complement batteries to reduce the size and installation of batteries. Because their utilization in a system can potentially eliminate the need for short-term frequent replacement as required by batteries, hence, saving the resources invested in the upkeep of the whole system or extension of lifecycle of batteries in the long run of power grid. However, low energy density in supercapacitor is critical weakness to utilization for huge energy storage system of power grid. So, it is still far from being able to replace batteries and struggle in meeting the demand for a high energy density. But, today, LIC (Lithium Ion Capacitor) considered as an attractive structure to improve energy density much more than EDLC (Electric double layer capacitor) because LIC has high voltage range up to 3.8 V. But, many aspects of the electrochemical performance of LIC still need to be examined closely in order to apply for commercial use. In this study, in order to improve the capacitance of LIC related with energy density, we designed new method of pre-doping in anode electrode. The electrode in cathode were fabricated in dry room which has a relative humidity under 0.1% and constant electrode thickness over $100{\mu}m$ was manufactured for stable mechanical strength and anode doping. To minimize of contact resistance, fabricated electrode was conducted hot compression process from room temperature to $65^{\circ}C$. We designed various pre-doping method for LIC structure and analyzing the doping mechanism issues. Finally, we suggest new pre-doping method to improve the capacitance and electrochemical stability for LIC.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.1664-1673
• /
• 2016

Lithium rechargeable cells are used in many industrial applications, because they have high energy density and high power density. For an effective use of these lithium cells, it is essential to build a reliable battery management system (BMS). Therefore, the state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the most important techniques used in the BMS. An appropriate modeling of the battery characteristics and an accurate algorithm to correct the modeling errors in accordance with the simplified model are required for practical SOC estimation. In order to implement these issues, this approach presents the comparative analysis of the SOC estimation performance using equivalent electrical circuit modeling (EECM) and noise suppression technique (NST) in three representative $LiCoO_2/LiFePO_4/LiNiMnCoO_2$ cells extensively applied in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and energy storage system (ESS) applications. Depending on the difference between some EECMs according to the number of RC-ladders and NST, the SOC estimation performances based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm are compared. Additionally, in order to increase the accuracy of the EECM of the $LiFePO_4$ cell, a minor loop trajectory for proper OCV parameterization is applied to the SOC estimation for the comparison of the performances among the compared to SOC estimation performance.