• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2009

Seed germination is the important stage to express many genes for regulation of energy metabolism, starch degradation and cell division from seed dormancy state. For the functional analysis of seed germination mechanisms, we were analyzed the rice cDNA clones (Oryzasativa cultivar Ilpum) obtained from seed imbibition during 48 hours. Total number of 18,101 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were clustered using SeqMan program. Among them, 8,836 clones were identified as unique clones. We identified the chitinase gene specifically expressed in seed germination and amylase gene involved to starch degradation from the full length cDNA analysis, and several genes were registered to NCBI GeneBank. To analyzed the commonly expressed genes between inmature seed and germinated seed, 25,66 inmature ESTs and 18,101 germinated ESTs were clustered using SeqMan program and identified 2,514 clones as commonly expressed unigene. Among them, alpha-glubulin and alcohol dehydrogenase I were supposed to LEA genes only expressed in the immature and germinated seed stages. For the clustering of orthologous group genes, we further analyzed the 8,836 EST clones from germinating seeds using NCBI clusters of orthologous groups database. Among the clones, 5,076 clones were categorized into information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, metabolism and poorly characterized genes, proportioning 783 (14.29%), 1,484 (27%), 1,363 (24.8%) and 1,869 (34%) clones to the previous four categories, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2000

Medicinal plants with synergistic effects on growth inhibition of canter cells under oxidative stress were screened in this study. Methanol extracts from 51 natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anticancer effort on hepatoma stomach cancer or colon cancers which are frequently found in Korean, were prepared and screened for their synergistic activity on growth inhibition of cancer cells under chemically-induced oxidative stress by using MTT assay. Twenty seven samples showed synergistic activity on the growth inhibition in various extent under chemically-induced oxidative stress. Among those samples, eleven samples such as Melia azedarach, Agastache rugosa, Catalpa ovata, Prunus persica, Sinomenium acutum Pulsatilla koreana, Oldenlandia diffusa, Anthriscus sylvestris, Schizandra chinensis, Gieditsia sinensis, Cridium officinale, showed decrease in $IC_{50}$ values more than 50%, other 16 samples showed decrease in $IC_{50}$ values between 50-25%, compared with the value acquired when medicinal plant sample was used alone. Among those 11 samples, extract of Catalpa ovata showed the highest activity. $IC_{50}$ values were decrease to 61% and 28% when carcinoma cells were treated with Catalpa ovata extract in combination of 75 and 100 uM of hydrogen peroxide, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.760-767
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• 2020

Sustainable growth of hydroelectric power plants is expected in consideration of climate change and energy security. However, hydroelectric power plants always have a risk of water hammer damage, and safety assurance is very important. The water hammer phenomenon commonly occurs during operations such as rapid opening and closing of the valves and pump/turbine shutdown in pipe systems, which is more common in cases of emergency shutdown. In this study, a computational numerical model was developed using the MOC-FDM scheme to reflect the mechanism of water hammer occurrence. The proposed model was implemented in boundary conditions such as reservoir, pipeline, valve, and pump/turbine conditions and then applied to simulate hypothetical case studies. The analysis results of the model were verified using the analysis results at the main points of the pipe systems. The model produced reasonably good performance and was validated by comparison with the results of the SIMSEN package model. The model could be used as an efficient tool for the safety assessment of hydroelectric power plants based on accurate prediction of transient behavior in the operation of hydropower facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.48-53
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• 2017

One of the policies of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock Food and Livestock aims to export $10 billion worth of products. Although it was not easy to achieve the export goal of $ 6.5 billion in 2016, the policy should be pursued continuously. Accordingly, a facility modernization project and high-tech greenhouse project are being implemented to facilitate exports. Moreover, it is possible to consider substitution of imports in the policy shift. Imports of temperate and tropical fresh fruits totaled 1.2 trillion won in 2016. Accordingly, identification of alternatives to tropical and temperate fresh fruit imports will enable farm income to increase and the fresh fruit industry to grow. The major obstacle to tropical fruit production in Korea is high heating costs. However, Jeju Island apple mango farmers found that using non-taxable kerosene and hot water from power plants could reduce heating costs by 42.5%. Indeed, using hot wastewater can reduce heating costs by more than 40%. To improve competition with imported fruits, farmers can change their heating systems using financial support plans (e.g., 20% government subsidies, 20% loans, 30% subsidies from local governments). The income effect and import substitution effect of fruit tree farmers should be carefully analyzed in the future and the study will be closed to discuss the policy direction.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Feasibility of co-digestion was investigated by a series of anaerobic batch experiments using sewage sludge, swine waste, and food waste leachate as substrates. The organic solid wastes were collected from M city, where the daily productions of sewage sludge, swine waste, and food waste leachate were 178 ton/d, 150 ton/d, and 8 ton/d, respectively. Both swine waste and food waste leachate showed superior methane yields, methane productivities, and organic pollutant removal efficiencies compared to sewage sludge. Co-digestion of the total amounts of organic solid wastes would enhance methane production by 5.60 times $(530\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d\;{\rightarrow}\;2,968\;m^{3}\;CH_{4}/d)$. However, it also increase the amount of digestate by 1.88 times with 3.79 to 4.92 times higher pollutants (chemical oxygen demands total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) loading rates. Co-digestion of organic solid wastes is a valid strategy to enhance the performance of an anaerobic sludge digester and the energy independence of a wastewater treatment plant. Anyhow,the increment of digestate with higher pollutant loading would need a careful counterplan in the operation of the main stream of the treatment plant.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2017

The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in 2011 and California Power Failure in 2001 are examples of the importance of the power plant safety management that caused huge national loss with a power-related mass casualty incident. In a situation where humans cannot live without electricity, efforts to strengthen the systematic firefighting safety management in power plants that produce electricity with large amounts of hazardous materials as fuel, such as nuclear energy, coal and gas, are essential to protect life and prevent property loss and stable economic growth from fire explosion accident or radiation leak due to the negligence of safety management and natural disasters such as earthquakes, which has recently become an issue. This study examined the operating situation of firefighting safety management in power plants with firefighting officials employed by five power generation companies including Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. and Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co. Ltd., which are in charge of the domestic power supply. As a result, for the systematic firefighting safety management of power plants, improvement plans were drawn, including the development of an effective business manual and a comprehensive management system, the substantiality of firefighting safety education, and the strengthening of seismic designs to prepare for earthquakes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2012

We conducted a survey of actual using conditions of farm-made liquid fertilizers by investigating their formulation types, materials, making processes, using methods and various beneficial effects on 29 farms certified by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service to produce environment-friendly agricultural products in 2009. Most of the materials used to make liquid fertilizers are those that can be easily obtained around the farms. Molasses or black sugar are added as an energy source of microorganism. And leaf mold, bacterial cultures supplied by agricultural extension centers of local governments, and cultures of native microorganisms were used as microbial sources for fermenting effective microorganisms. Types of the farm-made liquid fertilizers were fermented liquid fertilizers, fermented plant juices, amino acid liquid fertilizers, calcium-liquid fertilizers, and phosphoric acid liquid fertilizers. Effects of liquid fertilizers used by the farms were found to promote plant growth by supplying nutrition, to accelerate blooming and flower bud formation, to enhance the quality of agricultural products such as increase of sugar contents and improvement of storing conditions, to induce resistance against diseases and insect pests, and to cause endurance to high temperature stress. Chemical properties of the liquid fertilizers collected were analyzed. As a result, pH and EC range showed differences according to kinds of the liquid fertilizers. Amount of macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, in most of the collected liquid fertilizers, was found to be low. Even though the liquid fertilizers were made from same materials, their contents was found to be different depending on the making process.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.190-199
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• 2020

The utilization of multiple water sources becomes important due to the master plan for development of water supply released by Ministry of Environment, Korea in 2018. In this study, therefore, the analysis of comprehensive effect in blending applicable water sources in Daesan where 100,000 ㎥/d seawater desalination plant will be constructed for industrial use was performed. The increase in mixing ratio of other water sources with seawater reduced salinity up to 50%, but negatively impacted the turbid and organic matter. Lab-scale reverse osmosis performance test also found that membrane fouling was exacerbated in blended water condition. The simulation results of reverse osmosis indicated 39% energy saving on average is expected at the one-to-one blending ratio, however, long-term performance test at the pilot-scale plant is highly required to evaluate the inclusive impact of mixing seawater and other water sources.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 1987

Five soybean varieties of two early maturing; Karikei 73 and SS79168, and three late maturing; Tohoku 76, Baegunkong and Jangbaegkong, were used and evaluated in the study, Of the varieties examined, Karikei 73 was characterized by the delayed leaf senescence, To investigate the periodical trends of sugars in plant organs and their roles to the nitrogen fixing activity of root nodules, the concentrations of reducing and non-reducing sugar in root and nodules during the grain filling period were measured. The concentration of non-reducing sugar in roots was not changed up to the stage of R6 for all of the varieties but it decreased rapidly thereafter for the varieties except Karikei 73. No such rapid decrease in the concentration of non-reducing sugar in the roots was observed for Karikei 73 having the characteristics of delayed leaf senescence. The concentration of reducing sugar in the root nodules was not greatly changed for all of the varieties up to the stage of R6 regardless of the earliness of varieties but increased temporarily at R6.5 when there was a rapid decrease in ARA. The phenomenon explained the fact that nitrogen fixing activities were controlled not only by supplying sugars as the source of energy for nitrogen fixation, but also by the need for fixed nitrogen of the plant. The concentration of non-reducing sugar in root nodules also increased up to the stage of R6-R6.5 but decreased at R7, which could apply the same explanation as in the concentration of reducing sugar of the root nodules.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.796-801
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• 2010

This study was carried out to establish a system for mutation breeding by irradiation of gamma-ray in $Rosa$ $hybrida$ Hort. The rooted cuttings of two roses, 'Spidella' and 'Cabernet' were irradiated with different gamma-ray doses (0, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150 and 170 Gy) from a $^{60}Co$ source to reveal an optimal dose for induction of mutants. The irradiated plants were planted in a greenhouse, and investigated on the appearance of petal color mutants and shoot growth by gamma ray dose. The 50% lethal doses ($LD_{50}$) of plant were 110 Gy for 'Spidella' and 150 Gy for 'Cabernet', respectively. The 50% decrease dose of shoot length was observed at 70-90 Gy dose for 'Spidella', and 110 Gy dose for 'Cabernet'. Solid, chimeric and mosaic petal mutants with various colors were induced from pink petal of 'Spidella' and red petal of 'Cabernet' when 30-170 Gy dose was irradiated. The mutants obtained from 'Spidella' had white, ivory, pinky ivory, light pink and deep pink petal colors. The mutants obtained from 'Cabernet' had pink, deep pink, purple red (magenta), orange red and purple petal colors. It was suitable to irradiate 70-90 Gy dose for 'Spidella' and 90-110 Gy dose for 'Cabernet' for the induction of various mutants considering plant survival rate, shoot growth and mutant occurrence rate.