• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2019

Objective: This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of different sources and inclusion levels of dietary fat on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens raised under hot environmental conditions. Methods: A total of 480 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 31 wk of age were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 experimental diets. The control diet contained 2,800 kcal/kg nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy with no fat addition. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 2.0% or 4.0% of animal fat (AF) or soybean oil (SO). Energy and nutrient concentrations were consistent among all diets. Diets were fed to hens for 4 weeks. Average daily room temperature and humidity were $26.7^{\circ}C{\pm}1.52^{\circ}C$ and $77.4%{\pm}4.50%$. The heat stress index was approximately 76, indicating that hens were raised under heat stress conditions. Results: Final body weight (BW) was greater (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing 2.0% or 4.0% AF than for those fed the control diet or diets containing 2.0% or 4.0% SO. The BW gain and feed intake were greater (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing additional AF or SO than those fed the control diet. Eggshell thickness was the greatest (p<0.05) for hens fed the control diet, but the least (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing 4.0% SO. Egg yolk color was the greatest (p<0.05) for hens fed the control diet, but the least (p<0.05) for hens fed diets containing 4.0% SO. Conclusion: Inclusion of supplemental fat (AF and SO) in diets exhibits preventative effects on BW loss for hens raised under hot environmental conditions when energy and nutrient concentrations in diets were maintained. The effects were greater for AF than for SO. However, inclusion of supplemental fat in diets decreases eggshell thickness and egg yolk yellowness, possibly due to a reduction in Ca absorption and intake of egg yolk colorants.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 2017

"Sarcopenia", sarcopenia is an old age syndrome, and used to describe the reduction of skeletal muscle. Initially, it was thought that sarcopenia was only a senile disease characterized by degeneration of muscle tissue. However, its cause is widely regarded as multifactorial, with neurological decline, hormonal changes, inflammatory pathway activation, declines in activity, chronic illness, fatty infiltration, and poor nutrition, all shown to be contributing factors. Skeletal muscle mass can be measured by a variety of methods, currently, the commonly used methods are dual-energy X-ray scanning (DXA), computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc. Muscular skeletal disorders can also be assessed by measuring appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), particularly muscle tissue content. At the same time, sarcopenia refers to skeletal muscle cell denervation, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, hormone synthesis and secretion changes and a series of consequences caused by the above process and is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle syndrome, which can lead to the decrease of muscle strength, physical and functional disorders, and increase the risk of death. Sarcopenia is mainly associated with the aging process, but also related to other causes such as severe malnutrition, neurodegenerative diseases, and disuse and endocrine diseases associated with muscular dystrophy, and it is the comprehensive results of multi-factors, so it is difficult to define that sarcopenia is caused by a specific disease. With the aging problem of the population, the incidence of this disease is increasingly common, and seriously affects the quality of the life of the elderly. This paper reviews the etiology and pathogenesis of myopathy, screening methods and diagnosis, the influence of eating habits, etc, and hopes to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. At present, adequate nutrition and targeted exercise remain the gold standard for the therapy of sarcopenia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.122.1-122.1
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• 2015

The dependence of electronic properties and local structure of tantalum oxide thin film on oxygen deficiency have been investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XPS results showed that the oxygen flow rate change results in the appearance of features in the Ta 4f at the binding energies of 23.2 eV, 24.4 eV, 25.8, and 27.3 eV whose peaks are attributed to Ta1+, Ta2+, Ta3+, Ta4+, and Ta5+, respectively. The presence of nonstoichiometric state from tantalum oxide (TaOx) thin films could be generated by the oxygen vacancies. The REELS spectra suggested the decrease of band gap for tantalum oxide thin films with increasing oxygen deficiency. In addition, XAS spectra manifested both the increase of coordination number of the first Ta-O shell and a considerable reduction of the Ta-O bond distance with the decrease of oxygen deficiency.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2006

This paper suggests a 6-pulse-shift converter structure with PWM current-source inverter based on buck-boost configuration to improve the efficiency and to reduce the switching frequency of inverter for photovoltaic generation system, the device can be operated as interface system between solar module system and power system grid without energy storage cell. The circuit has six current-source buck-boost converter which operate chopper part and kas one full bridge inverter which make a decision the polarity of AC output. Therefore, the proposed PWM power inverter has advantages such as the reduction of witching loss and realization of unity power factor operation. The theoretical backgrounds are discussed and the input-output characteristics for the implemented prototype inverter using TMS320F2812 are verified experimentally in this paper.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1978

To get the goal of self-supply of food grain, improvement of post-harvest grain operations in rural area is under consideration as an important task of agriculture in Korea. This is study is focused on elimination of losses and deteriorations of grain and reduction of labour requirements and funds for post-harvest grain operations. The purpose of this study are presentation of basic data referring to conventional post-harvest grain operations in rural area and suggestion of improving methods for the operations, and also finding out reasonable operating processes of the operations. The result of this study are follows; 1. Grain drying in-the-filed which is performed before threshing has major factors of grain loss during drying, and so should be restrained as possible. Combine harvesting system is recommended among other king of mechanized harvesting systems for restraining in-the-field drying and securing available labors for drying. 2. It is predicted that mechanical grain drying could be prevalent when combine harvesting is taken place. Recommended grain drier for pre-combine harvesting system and for combine harvesting system is batch-type drier and circulating -type drier, respectively. 3. As existing farm storages for grain have insufficient spaces and offer poor conditions for grain storing , it is greatly needed to build up new storage which store only grains. And it is concluded that storing grain in community common storages in desirable. 4. Power supplying system for milling machinery in local milling plants, that a large capacity prime mover supplies power to 4 to 6 kinds of milling machinery simultaeously, should be converted to a system of several small capacity prime movers supplying power to each machiner y for the purpose of reducing extra consumption of energy. 5. Governmental grain, of which Korean farms produced, should be milled and stored in the local milling plant successively for the purpose of reducing transportation fee and stroing facilities. 6. Furture post-havest grain operations-drying, storing and milling should be periormed successively in he community common plant. And average optimum processing capacity of the plant is estimated about 300 metric ton of grain every year.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

To overcome the limitations of current evaluation procedures for floor vibration under crowd loading, two kinds of uncertainties associated with individual time lag differences and the complex behavior of crowd should be taken into account. The complex behavior of crowds has yet to be fully described, even though individual differences can be dealt with statistically. This paper proposes time lag considered (TLC) crowd model based on a probabilistic approach. The load reduction factor, which reflects the effect of a general degree of synchronization among crowd, is proposed. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to determine various crowd behaviors by using the TLC crowd model proposed. The TLC crowd model can rationally treat the energy loss of various crowd patterns. This indicates that it may be used as a theoretical basis in refining dynamic load factor of crowd loading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.398-398
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• 2013

The electronic properties and the local structure of tantalum oxide thin film with variation of oxygen flow rate ranging from 9.5 to 16 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute) have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XPS results show that the Ta4f spectrum for all films consist of the strong spin-orbit doublet $Ta4f_{7/2}$ and $Ta4f_{5/2}$ with splitting of 1.9 eV. The oxygen flow rate of the film results in the appearance of new features in the Ta4f at binding energies of 23.2 eV, 24.4 eV, 25.8, and 27.3 eV, these peaks attribute to $Ta^{1+}$, $Ta^{2+}$, $Ta^{4+}$/$Ta^{2+}$, and $Ta^{5+}$, respectively. Thus, the presence of non-stoichiometric state from tantalum oxide ($TaO_x$) thin films could be generated by the oxygen vacancies. The REELS spectra suggest the decrease of band gap for tantalum oxide thin films with increasing the oxygen flow rate. The absorption coefficient ${\mu}$ and its fine structure were extracted from the fluorescence mode of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. In addition, bond distances (r), coordination numbers (N) and Debye-Waller factors (${\sigma}^2$) each film were determined by a detailed of EXAFS data analysis. EXAFS spectrapresent both the increase of coordination number of the first Ta-O shell and a considerable reduction of the Ta-O bond distance with the increase of oxygen flow rate.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1609-1618
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• 2015

DC microgrids are considered as prospective systems because of their easy connection of distributed energy resources (DERs) and electric vehicles (EVs), reduction of conversion loss between dc output sources and loads, lack of reactive power issues, etc. These features make them very suitable for future industrial and commercial buildings' power systems. In addition, the bipolar-type dc system structure is more popular, because it provides two voltage levels for different power converters and loads. To keep voltage balanced in such a dc system, a bidirectional dual buck-boost voltage balancer with direct coupling is introduced based on P-cell and N-cell concepts. This results in greatly enhanced system reliability thanks to no shoot-through problems and lower switching losses with the help of power MOSFETs. In order to increase system efficiency and reliability, a novel burst-mode control strategy is proposed for the dual buck-boost voltage balancer. The basic operating principle, the current relations, and a small-signal model of the voltage balancer are analyzed under the burst-mode control scheme in detail. Finally, simulation experiments are performed and a laboratory unit with a 5kW unbalanced ability is constructed to verify the viability of the bidirectional dual buck-boost voltage balancer under the proposed burst-mode control scheme in low-voltage bipolar-type dc microgrids.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

This paper presents the control system of high-efficiency automotive 35W metal-halide lamp ballast using the new control method and planar transformer. In this paper, the electronic ballast is designed so that digital control method by microcontroller can be applied to the electronic ballast for the lamp requirement and peripheral environment in order that metal-halide lamp, which has the complicated transient features, is to be applied to the automobile even if it has superior features in brightness, color rendering, light efficiency, and lifespan compared to the conventional halogen lamp. Also, the efficiency increase of the ballast is devised by being varied the switching frequency of Flyback Converter following the battery input voltage of the automobile. Being designed for high-frequency switching transformer of converter in planar form, reduction of loss, weight, overall size are realized and efficient power control in the automobile that had the limited energy and the limited space of battery is devised. The results of the proposed system is verified through various experiment results.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Considering that the world population is expected to total 9 billion by 2050, it will clearly be necessary to sustain and even accelerate the rate of improvement in crop productivity. In the 21st century, we now face another, perhaps more devastating, environmental threat, namely climate change, which could cause irreversible damage to agricultural ecosystem and loss of production potential. Enhancing intrinsic yield, plant abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance through agricultural biotechnology will be a critical part of feeding, clothing, and providing energy for the human population, and overcoming climate change. Development and commercialization of genetically engineered crops have significantly contributed to increase of crop yield and farmer's income, decrease of environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide, and to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from this cropping area. Advances in plant genomics, proteomics and system biology have offered an unprecedented opportunities to identify genes, pathways and networks that control agricultural important traits. Because such advances will provide further details and complete understanding of interaction of plant systems and environmental variables, biotechnology is likely to be the most prominent part of the next generation of successful agricultural industry. In this article, we review the prospects for modification of agricultural target traits by genetic engineering, including enhancement of photosynthesis, abiotic stress tolerance, and pest and pathogen resistance associated with such opportunities and challenges under climate change.