• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.26-35
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• 2022

The 7th education reform in 1997 has led changes in the way buildings were constructed and such changes drove educational facilities to steadily consume more energy every year. Also, these facilities take several years' estimated expenditure as well as the increased unit price of electricity into account when planning their annual operating budget. Such circumstances may adversely affect the establishment of their budget plan since improper allocation of operating costs could take place. To propose educational facilities' operating budget management plan on electrical energy consumption, this study developed a model that help oversee the facilities' consumption of electrical energy. For the model development, the primary core variables related to electrical energy factors from the aspects of surroundings, physics, policy, etc. were derived from taking both literature research and the characteristics of these facilities into account. The secondary core variables were then derived using the correlation analysis. Lastly, the electric energy use prediction model was developed by performing regression analysis based on the derived secondary core variables.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 1996

The daily soil water contents were obtained from the time domain reflectometry (TDR) method and energy balance-water budget approach with eddy correlation at the two small semiarid watersheds of Lucky Hills and Kendall during the summer rainy period. There was a comparison of daily soil water content measured and estimated from these two different approaches. The comparison is valuable to evaluate the accuracy of current soil water content measuring system using TDR and energy balance-water budget approach using eddy correlation method at small watersheed scale. The degree of similarity between the regressions of these two methods of measuring soil water content was explained by determining the correlations between these methods. Simple linear regression analyses showed that soil water content measured from TDR method was responsible for 58% and 63% of the variations estimated from energy balance-water budget approach with eddy correlation at Lucky Hills and Kendall, respectively. The scatter plots and the regression analyses revealed that two different approaches for soil water content measurement at small watershed scale have no significant difference.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2017

The energy balance in a satellite needs to be designed properly for the satellite to safely operate and carry out successive missions on an orbit. In this study, an analysis program was developed using the MATLAB(R) graphic user interface (GUI) for nanosatellites. This program was used in a simulation to confirm the generated power, consumed power, and battery power in the satellites on the orbit, and its performance was verified with applying different satellite operational modes and units. For data transmission, STK(R)-MATLAB(R) connectivity was used to send the generated power from STK(R) to MATLAB(R) automatically. Moreover, this program is general-purpose; therefore, it can be applied to nanosatellites that have missions or shapes that are different from those of the satellites in this study. This power simulation tool could be used not only to calculate the suitable power budget when developing the power systems, but also to analyze the remaining energy balance in the satellites.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1996

Zoeal stage's larvae of pandalid shrimp Pandalus hypsinotus, is distributed off the East sea and esteemed as a valuable shrimp resource in Korea, were reared in $10^{\circ}C$ temperature-controlled chambers and inverstigated the energy budget. The total energy intake per larva of zoea I to VI stages fed on Artemia nauplii was 140.88 J. The energy loss by respiration, molting, and excretion were 16.22 J, 1.19 J, and 106,40 J, respectively. The amount of energy used by growth was 17.07 J. Pandalid larvae assimilated $24.47\%$ of the ingested food. The gross efficiency ($K_1$) calculated by the equation of (growth+exuviae)/ingestion $rate{\times}100$ was $12.96\%$, and the net growth rate ($K_2$) calculated by the equation of (growth rate + exuviae)/(growth rate+ exuviae+ respiration rate)${\times}100$ was $52.96\%$. The percentage used for somatic growth and maintenance among the assimilated energy were $49.51\%$ and $47.04\%$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.807-812
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• 2013

The energy budget of the larvae of pandalid shrimp, Pandalopsis japonica, reared in the laboratory from zoea to post-larva was investigated. Energy used during the growth of the shrimp larvae was calculated daily for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. The total energy used was 16.2 J for the entire larval stage. Molting energy loss was estimated at a total 1.03 J. Energy used for respiration was estimated at a total of 1.85 J. The intake energy by feeding reached a total of 77.69 J. The total sum of energies used by excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae assimilated 24.57% of ingested food and used 84.91% for somatic growth. The gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) was 22.19% for the entire larval stage, and the net growth efficiency ($K_2$) was 90.31%. Maintenance costs were estimated at 9.69% of assimilated energy for the entire larval stage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.104-108
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• 1998

Analysis of energy budget in Neomysis awatschensis exposed to PCB toxicity was carried out by measurement of bioassay, growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion at 10 and $20^{\circ}C$. Energy contents of the body, molted exoskeleton and eggs, which measured to understand used energy for growth, molt and oxygen consumption were 5.52cal/mg, 2.17 cal/mg and 6.15 cal/mg, respectively. Feeding energies at $10^{\circ}C$ were 3.755ca1 in control group and 3.420 cal at 2.0 ppb concentration, of them, $70.19\%$ and $67.53\%$ of their energies were assimilated. At $20^{\circ}C$, feeding energies were 5.998 cal in control group and 4.166 cal at 2.0 ppb concentration. The assimilation efficiency of the mysid estimated by ash-ratio method ranged between $11.5\~67.5\%$ and $73.4\~70.5\%$ with PCB toxicity at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ respectively. Energy used by respiration of total assimilated energy was $45.18\%$ in control group and $62.27\%$ in 2.0 pub concentration at $20^{\circ}C$, and energy used by metabolism was high 2.0 ppb concentration than control group.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

In this study, the prognostic model for the prediction of the road surface temperature is developed using the surface energy balance theory. This model not only has a detailed micro meteorological physical attribute but also is able to accurately represent each surface energy budget. To verify the performance, the developed model output was compared with the German Weather Service (DWD)'s Energy Balance Model (EBM) output, which is based on the energy budget balance theory, and the observations. The simulated results by using both models are very similar to each other and are compatible with the observed data.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2012

The Korean government pushed ahead various policies to disseminate photovoltaic (PV), wind power, small hydro, bio-fuel, etc. Renewable energy system (RES) budget of the Korean government increased from 118 billion won of 2003 to 876.6 billion won of 2010. The R&D budgetary supports for RES increased by 6.8 times in the period 2003-2010. It is necessary to confirm RES budget expenditure that renewable energy promotion policy makes good performance evaluated in quantity level. This paper made Input-Output Table 2009 contains photovoltaic power generation equipment industry as a dependent sector and analyzed induced production effect by demand of photovoltaic power generation equipment industry. From the empirical analysis result, additional demand in photovoltaic power generation equipment induced 1.932 times of induced production in Korea. Each of industry sector has positive induced production from the additional demand in photovoltaic power generation equipment. Renewable energy promotion in photovoltaic power generation is considered together with industry policy as the option to sustain economic growth.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.567-579
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• 2016

Several energy saving techniques in cellular wireless networks such as active base station (BS) selection, transmit power budget adaptation and user association have been studied independently or only part of these aspects have been considered together in literature. In this paper, we jointly tackle these three problems and propose an integrated framework, called dynamic cell reconfiguration (DCR). It manages three techniques operating on different time scales for ultimate energy conservation while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) level of users. Extensive simulations under various configurations, including the real dataset of BS topology and utilization, demonstrate that the proposed DCR can achieve the performance close to an optimal exhaustive search. Compared to the conventional static scheme where all BSs are always turned on with their maximum transmit powers, DCR can significantly reduce energy consumption, e.g., more than 30% and 50% savings in uniform and non-uniform traffic distribution, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.319-321
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• 2003

It is our goal to obtain a better scientific understanding of how to define the nature and role of remotely sensed land surface parameters and energy fluxes in the heat island phenomena, and local and regional weather and climate. By using the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) visible and thermal imagery data and analyzing the surface energy flux images associated with the change of the landcover and land use in the study area, we present how significant is the magnitude of the heat island heat effect and its relation with the surface parameters and the energy fluxes in the Taichung area of Taiwan. We used the energy budget components such as net radiation, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux in the study area of interest derived form remotely sensed data to understand the island heat effect in Taichung. The results show that water is the most important component to decrease the temperature, and the more the consumed net radiation to latent heat, the lower the urban surface temperature.