• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.981-986
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• 2013

The nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and in vivo metabolizable energy supply of Mucuna pruriens whole pods fed to growing Pelibuey lambs was investigated. Eight Pelibuey sheep housed in metabolic crates were fed increasing levels of Mucuna pruriens pods: 0 (control), 100 (Mucuna100), 200 (Mucuna200) and 300 (Mucuna300) g/kg dry matter. A quadratic (p<0.002) effect was observed for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE) intakes with higher intakes in the Mucuna100 and Mucuna200 treatments. Increasing M. pruriens in the diets had no effect (p>0.05) on DM and GE apparent digestibility (p<0.05). A linear reduction in N digestibility and N retention was observed with increasing mucuna pod level. This effect was accompanied by a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on fecal-N and N-balance which were higher in the Mucuna100 and Mucuna200 treatments. Urine-N excretion, GE retention and dietary estimated nutrient supply (metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy) were not affected (p>0.05). DM, N and GE apparent digestibility coefficient of M. pruriens whole pods obtained through multiple regression equations were 0.692, 0.457, 0.654 respectively. In vivo DE and ME content of mucuna whole pod were estimated in 11.0 and 9.7 MJ/kg DM. It was concluded that whole pods from M. pruriens did not affect nutrient utilization when included in an mixed diet up to 200 g/kg DM. This is the first in vivo estimation of mucuna whole pod ME value for ruminants.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.89-90
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• 2003

중탄산소다 함유 대두유 사료는 급성기 반응에 의한 생산성(증체, 사료효율, 칼슘밸런스, 뇨질소 배설량 및 NB) 감소 완화작용이 있었으며, 이때 에너지원의 흡수 증가에 의한 대사에너지 값의 상승과 인 발란스의 증가 및 적혈구 세포액중의 SOD 및 순환 세룰로플라민스의 활성 감소가 관찰되었다. 본 결과는 급성기 반응중의 사료에너지 이용과 전해질 농도는 항산화계의 변화와 상관관계가 있다는 것을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.660-665
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of metabolizable protein (MP) on lactation performance and nitrogen (N) efficiencies in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Nine multiparous cows in mid lactation [$113{\pm}25$ days in milk] received three treatments in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with a period length of 21 days. The treatments were three diets, designed to provide similar energy and increasing supply of MP (g/d) (2,371 [low], 2,561 [medium], and 2,711 [high] with corresponding crude protein levels [%]) 15.2, 18.4, and 20.9, respectively. Results: Increasing MP supplies did not modify dry matter intake, however, it increased milk protein, fat, and lactose yield linearly. Similarly, fat corrected milk increased linearly (9.3%) due to an increase in both milk yield (5.2%) and milk fat content (7.8%). No effects were observed on milk protein and lactose contents across the treatments. Milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) decreased from 0.26 to 0.20; whereas, the metabolic efficiency of MP decreased from 0.70 to 0.60 in low to high MP supplies, respectively. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased linearly in response to increasing MP supplies. Conclusion: Increasing MP supplies resulted in increased milk protein yield; however, a higher BUN and low MNE indicated an efficient utilization of dietary protein at low MP supplies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1761-1768
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• 2005

Effects of alpha-galactosidase (GAL) on broiler corn-soybean meal diet was investigated. In experiment 1, sixty cockerels were allocated to five groups, including three enzyme treatments (GAL added at 0, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg diet), a nitrogen-free diet group and a fast group. The true nitrogen-corrected ME (TME$_n$) and true amino acid availability were determined. In experiment 2, 324 day-old chicks were used in a 2${\times}$3 factorial design consisting of two energy contents (high and low) and three GAL levels (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Three feeding phases, comprising 0-21 d, 22-35 d and 36-48 d, were involved. GAL addition improved TME$_n$ and the availability of methionine and cystine (p<0.05). The apparent ME (AME) or nitrogen-corrected AME (AME$_n$) and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, calcium, and phosphorus were improved significantly on d 21, so was crude protein and an interaction of energy and GAL on AME$_n$ (p<0.05) was found on d 35. However, daily intake and daily gain were significantly improved with GAL addition (p<0.05) during 21 d. The small intestine relative weight decreased at 250 mg/kg GAL (p<0.05) on d 35, whereas presented an interaction between GAL and energy on d 21 (p<0.05). Likewise, this treatment increased breast muscle ratio (p<0.05). On d 21, triglycerides level of broilers showed interaction between energy and enzyme levels (p<0.05). Uric acid level in 500 mg/kg GAL declined linearly (p<0.05). On d 35, quadratic effects (p<0.05) were observed in total protein, albumin, globulin and cholesterol content for enzyme supplementation. And the interactive effects of energy and GAL on serum values showed more obviously. The study implies that GAL improved energy and nutrient availability of corn-soybean meal diet in broiler. The GAL supplementation to corn-soybean meal based diet can improve performance of broilers in early stages of growth.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1968

수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 인산(燐酸) 및 질소질(窒素質) 비료(肥料)의 효용에 관(關)하여 $N^{15}$ 및 $P^{32}$ 동위원소(同位元素)를 이용(利用)한 일련(一聯)의 국제적(國際的) 공동연구(共同硏究)가 IAEA 주관하(主管下)에 FAO의 지원(支援)으로 1962년(年)부터 6개년간(個年間)에 실시(實施)되었는데 본대학(本大學)은 1963년(年) 이래(以來) 이 공동연구(共同硏究)에 참가(參加)하였으며, 그 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 과석(過石)은 전량(全量)을 이앙시(移秧時) 기비(基肥)로써 표면살시(表面撒市) 하거나 표층시용(表層施用)하는 것이 비효가 가장 컸다. 2. 과석(過石)을 분시(分施)한거나 생육(生育) 후기(後期)에 시용(施用)하면 수량(收量)에는 별(別)로 영향(影響)하지 않았으나 그것의 흡수율(吸收率)은 다소(多少) 저하(低下)되었다. 3. 우리나라 시험지(試驗地)의 유효인산함량은 대체(大體)로 60ppm 이상(以上)으로서 인산질(燐酸質) 비료(肥料)의 흡수율(吸收率)은 10% 내외(內外)이었으며 인산시용량(燐酸施用量)의 증가(增加)에 따른 흡수이용율(吸收利用率) 및 수량(收量)의 변화(變化)는 타국(他國)에 비(比)해 작았다. 4. 질소질(窒素質) 비료(肥料)는 생육성기(生育盛期)에 시용(施用)하는 경우 흡수율(吸收率)이 높으나 수량(收量)의 증가(增加)를 위(爲)하여서는 기비(基肥)로서의 시용(施用)이 유리(有利)하였다. 5. 질소질(窒素質) 비료(肥料)는 지중(地中) 5cm 깊이에 조시(條施)하는 경우 흡수율(吸收率) 및 수량(收量)이 가장 높았고 분시(分施)의 효과는 뚜렷하지 않았으며 이는 시용량(施用量)이 60kgN/ha로써 다소(多少) 적었기 때문으로 생각된다. 6. 우리나라 시험지(試驗地)에서의 질소흡수율(窒素吸收率)은 대체(大體)로 40% 내외(內外)이었고 질소반응(窒素反應)은 타국(他國)에 비(比)해 현저(顯著)한편이였으며 질소질(窒素質) 비료(肥料)의 시용방법(施用方法)의 차이(差異)에 따른 흡수율(吸收率) 및 수량(收量)의 차이(差異)도 현저(顯著)하였다. 7. 질소질(窒素質) 비료(肥料)의 흡수율(吸收率)은 인산(燐酸)의 시용방법(施用方法)에 영향(影響)을 받지 않았으나 인산(燐酸)의 흡수율(吸收率)은 질소(窒素)의 시용방법(施用方法)에 따라서는 다소간(多少間) 차이(差異)가 있었다. 8. 질소질(窒素質) 비료중(肥料中) 류안(硫安)과 요소(尿素)의 비효는 동등(同等)하였으며, nitrate 태(態) 비료(肥料)는 ammonia 태(態) 비료(肥料)보다 비효가 현저(顯著)히 낮았다. 9. 질소인산(窒素燐酸) 화성비료(化成肥料) 중(中) Ammo-Phos B는 류안(硫安)보다 비효가 다소(多少) 컸으며 이앙시(移秧時)에 기비(基肥)로 시용(施用)하는것이 효과적이었고 Nitric phosphate은 비효가 현저(顯著)히 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2007

Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$, $5H_2O$) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. $CuSO_4$ or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p<0.04) and average daily gain (p<0.01). No significant contribution of source and level of Cu to alter serum serum enzymes was evident. Goats fed Cu-P tended to have higher Hb, PCV and TEC than with $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p<0.02) and crude fiber (p<0.05) and showed an increasing trend (p<0.09) for digested crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Supplemental dose of Cu linearly improved (p<0.02) digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), EE and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Though the absorption of nitrogen (N) was not affected (p>0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p<0.04) and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction (p<0.05). Final body weight (BW) was not influenced (p>0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p<0.04) the BW of kids. TDN intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) was higher (p<0.05) with the increased dose of Cu and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1568-1572
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• 2002

A 152 day trial was conducted to see the effect of feeding naturally fermented wheat straw (FWS) with either energy, protein or energy protein supplements on the growth of buffalo calves. Twenty four male buffalo calves (10-12 months old) divided in 6 equal groups were individually offered FWS as sole roughage along with either conventional concentrate mixture (conc), maize grains (M), solvent extracted mustard cake (DMC), M-DMC mixture (50:50), deoiled rice bran (DRB) or uromol bran mixture (UBM) in 70:30 ratio. The digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen retention and nutritive value was maximum in FWS:UBM followed by FWS:DMC and FWS:Conc groups. Almost, all the blood parameters were observed well within the normal range except that of blood urea (FWS:UBM) and creatinine (FWS:DMC and FWS:DRB). The dietary combination in which FWS was supplemented with only conventional protein supplement like DMC proved to be highly efficient as far as live weight gain was concerned. FWS supplemented with energy-protein combination i.e. MDMC could also be used as complete feed for growing calves in comparison to conventional feeding system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1400-1410
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• 2004

Eight crossbred (75% Holstein Friesian) cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to a switchback design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement to evaluate two nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) sources (corn meal and cassava chips) with different rumen degradability and used at two levels of NSC (55 vs. 75%) with protein source (supplied by urea in the concentrate mix). The treatments were 1) Low degradable low level of corn (55%) 2) Low degradable high level of corn (75%) 3) High degradable low level of cassava (55%) and 4) High degradable high level of cassava (75%). The cows were offered the treatment concentrate at a ratio to milk yield at 1:2. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum as the roughage and supplement with 1 kg/hd/d cassava hay. The results revealed that total DM intake, BW and digestion coefficients of DM were not affected by either level or source of energy. Rumen fermentation parameters; NH3-N, blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen were unaffected by source of energy, but were dramatically increased by level of NSC. Rumen microorganism populations were not affected (p>0.05) by source of energy, but fungal zoospores were greater for cassava-based concentrate than corn-based concentrate. Milk production and milk composition were not affected significantly by diets containing either source or level of NSC, however concentrate than corn-based concentrate averaging (4.4 and 4.2, respectively). Likewise, income over feed, as estimated from 3.5% FCM, was higher on cassava-based concentrate than corn-based concentrate averaging (54.0 and 51.4 US$/mo, respectively). These results indicate that feeding diets containing either cassava-based diets and/or a higher of oncentrates up to 75% of DM with NPN (supplied by urea up to 4.5% of DM) can be used in dairy rations without altering rumen ecology or animal performance compared with corn-based concentrate.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

미세조류는 바이오연료 생산을 위한 가장 지속가능하고 장래성이 좋은 생산 원료로 여겨지고 있다. 하지만 최근의 몇몇 전과정평가 연구에 의하면 미세조류 바이오디젤 생산, 특히 배양 단계에 많은 에너지가 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 유기탄소, 질소 및 인과 같은 영양분, 그리고 배양에 필요한 용수 비용이 전체 배양 단계의 80%까지 이를 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 최근 미세조류 배양에 필요한 인공배지의 대체용으로 사용 가능성이 높은 하폐수, 유기비료 연소배가스, 유기성 폐기물 등에 대한 최근의 활용 경향과 사용 전략에 대하여 문한 조사를 통해 요약 및 고찰하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2001

The implications of incorporating deoiled rice bran (DORB) in diet on the utilization of certain nutrients had been examined through balance studies made with 6- and 10- week-old Japanese quails. The stuffs evaluated in this study had their origin from two different types of processes- a batch extraction (DORB-B) and another continuous process (DORB-C), and each included at 10, 20 or 30% level in an iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. On chemical analyses, the DORB-B was found to contain crude protein, 19.0; ether extract, 0.79; total ash, 17.05; Ca, 0.11; P, 1.92; glucose, 2.35 and starch 11.22 g/100 g day matter. Corresponding values for DORB-C were 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16 and 19.0, respectively. The data on nutrient balances with quails fed diets containing the two-types of DORB suggested no significant (p>0.05) differences in per cent retention of diet dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) content attributable to the extraction process. The age of the birds also appeared to have no significant (p>0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by them. However, the level of inclusion of DORB had a significant (p<0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by quails in that the retention of dietary N, EE, CF, Ca and P was better at lower than at higher levels. It is concluded that the DORB, irrespective of extraction process, can safely be employed upto 20% level in diet of adult Japanese quails without noticeable interference in utilizing the major dietary nutrients.