• 제목/요약/키워드: Energy Utilization Intensities

검색결과 5건 처리시간 0.02초

Comparison of energy and nutrient utilization in the aged laying hens with different eggshell strengths or different intensities of brown eggshell color

  • Kim, Jong Hyuk;Han, Gi Ppeum;Kang, Hwan Ku;Kil, Dong Yong
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.569-577
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    • 2019
  • The current experiment was conducted to compare nutrient utilization in the aged laying hens with different eggshell strengths or different intensities of brown eggshell color. Two metabolic trials with 96-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were conducted. Twelve hens with a strong eggshell strength (SES) and 12 hens with a weak eggshell strength (WES) were selected and used in the first experiment, whereas 12 hens with dark brown eggshells (DBE) and 12 hens with light brown eggshells (LBE) were selected and used in the second experiment. All hens were fed a common commercial layer diet. Diets included chromic oxide as an indigestible marker to determine the apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of the gross energy (GE), dry matter, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, and minerals. The results indicate that the ATTR of Ca in the aged laying hens with SES (59.7%) was greater (p < 0.05) than in the aged laying hens with WES (48.6%). However, the ATTR of the GE and other nutrients was not different between the hens with SES or WES. There were no differences in the ATTR of GE and nutrients between the hens with DBE or LBE. In conclusion, aged laying hens with SES have a greater ability to utilize dietary Ca than those with WES, indicating that the extent of dietary Ca utilization determines the eggshell strength of aged laying hens. However, nutrient utilization in diets may have little impact on eggshell brown coloration in aged laying hens.

지역난방 공동주택의 에너지 성능 평가를 위한 공동주택 단지별 에너지사용량 Database 구축 (Establishing a Energy Utilization Database for Energy Performance Evaluation of Multi-Family Housing using District Heating)

  • 정재욱;홍태훈;지창윤;이승복
    • 한국건설관리학회논문집
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2015
  • 건축물의 에너지성능을 평가하기 위해서는 운영단계의 신뢰도 높은 에너지 사용량 정보를 파악하는 것이 중요하며, 이를 위해서는 객관적 분류체계에 따라 도출된 일정규모이상의 모집단을 갖는 database의 구축이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지역난방 공동주택의 에너지 성능을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 에너지원을 반영하고, 서울 및 수도권 도시에 대한 폭넓은 조사로 충분한 수의 모집단을 확보하며, 다양한 Data source를 이용한 상호검증과 통계적 기법을 통해 1차 에너지사용량과 $CO_2$ 배출량을 포함한 325개 단지의 database를 구축하였다. 추가적으로 향후 관련 연구의 발전을 위해 국토교통부에서 구축한 공동주택정보관리시스템의 개선 필요사항을 제안하였다.

빛 이용효율 향상을 위한 광생물반응기 설계 기준에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Design Criteria of Photobioreactor for the Efficiency of Light-Utilization)

  • 류현진;이진석;오경근
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.257-262
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    • 2004
  • 최근, 미세조류에 대한 생물공학적 관심이 급격히 증가하고 있으며 이의 응용범위는 식품이나 제약, 화장품 등 다양한 구도로 확장되어지고 있다. 고농도의 미세조류 배양을 위해서는 빛이 핵심적 제한요소로 작용되어지며 빛의 투과 깊이나 강도에 따라 균체의 성장속도가 결정되어지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 빛의 투과경로와 빛을 받는 면적/배양액의 부피 비율, 조도 그리고 단계적 조사에 따른 Chlorella sp.의 성장률을 조사하여 빛이 미세조류에 미치는 영향을 알아보았으며, 본 연구에 적용된 값들 중 4 cm의 직경, 57.6%의 면적/부피 비율, 62 $\mu$mo1/$m^2$/s의 조도에서 Chlorella sp. 성장에 필요한 빛 에너지를 가장 효율적으로 이용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

Elucidating Energy Requirements in Alternative Methods of Robo Production

  • Akinoso, Rahman;Are, Oluwayemisi Teslima
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.128-137
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study was designed to elucidate the energy-utilization patterns for five methods of robo production. Methods: Robo (fried melon cake) was produced using five different methods, and the energy used for each unit operation was calculated using standard equations. The sensory attributes of the products were determined by panelists. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance at p < 0.05. Results: The energy demands for processing 2.84 kg of melon seed into robo (fried melon cake) using processes 1 (traditional method), 2, 3, 4, and 5 (improved methods) were 50,599.5, 21,793.6, 20,379.7, 21,842.9, and 20,429.3 kJ, respectively. These are equivalent to energy intensities of 1,7816.7, 7,673.8, 7,175.9, 7,691.2, and 7,193.4 kJ/kg, respectively. For the traditional process, the frying operation consumed the highest energy (21,412.0 kJ), and the mixing operation consumed the lowest energy (675.0 kJ). For the semi-mechanized processes, the molding operation consumed the highest energy (6,120.0 kJ), and the dry milling consumed the lowest energy (14.4 kJ). Conclusions: The energy-consumption patterns were functions of the type of unit operation, the technology involved in the operations, and the size of the equipment used in the whole processing operation. Robo produced via the milling of dried melon seed before oil expression was rated highest with regard to the aroma and taste quality, as well as the overall acceptability of the sensory evaluation, and required the lowest energy consumption. Full mechanization of the process line has potential for further reduction of the energy demand.

Metabolic Flux Analysis of a Poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate Producing Cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. MA19, Grown under Photoautotrophic Conditions

  • Nishioka, Motomu;Nishiuma, Hajime;Miyake, Masato;Asada, Yasuo;Shimizu, Kazuyuki;Taya, Masahito
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제7권5호
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    • pp.295-302
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    • 2002
  • To understand the utilization property of light energy, Synechococcus sp. MA19, a poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) producer, was cultivated at the different incident light intensities of 15.3, 50.0 and 78.2 W/$m^2$ using media with and without phosphate. From the results of metabolic flux analysis, it was found that the cell yield based on ATP synthesis was estimated as $3.5{\times}10^{-3}$ kg-biomass/mol-ATP in these cultures. Under the examined conditions, there were no significant differences in the efficiency of light energy conversion to chemical energies estimated as ATP synthesis and reducing potential (NADH + NADPH) formation whether the PHB synthesis took place or not. The energy converted from light to ATP was kept relatively high around the energy absorbed by the cells of $2.5-3.0{\times}10^{6} J\;h^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$, whereas the energy of reducing potential was hardly changed in the examined range of the energy absorbed by the cells.