• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.427-446
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• 2008

A review on the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering in 2006 has been accomplished. Focus has been put on current status of research in the aspect of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation and building environments. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The research trends of fluid engineering have been surveyed as groups of general fluid flow, fluid machinery and piping, etc. New research topics include micro heat exchanger and siphon cooling device using nano-fluid. Traditional CFD and flow visualization methods were still popular and widely used in research and development. Studies about diffusers and compressors were performed in fluid machinery. Characteristics of flow and heat transfer and piping optimization were studied in piping systems. (2) The papers on heat transfer have been categorized into heat transfer characteristics, heat exchangers, heat pipes, and two-phase heat transfer. The topics on heat transfer characteristics in general include thermal transport in a cryo-chamber, a LCD panel, a dryer, and heat generating electronics. Heat exchangers investigated include pin-tube type, plate type, ventilation air-to-air type, and heat transfer enhancing tubes. The research on a reversible loop heat pipe, the influence of NCG charging mass on heat transport capacity, and the chilling start-up characteristics in a heat pipe were reported. In two-phase heat transfer area, the studies on frost growth, ice slurry formation and liquid spray cooling were presented. The studies on the boiling of R-290 and the application of carbon nanotubes to enhance boiling were noticeable in this research area. (3) Many studies on refrigeration and air conditioning systems were presented on the practical issues of the performance and reliability enhancement. The air conditioning system with multi indoor units caught attention in several research works. The issues on the refrigerant charge and the control algorithm were treated. The systems with alternative refrigerants were also studied. Carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons and their mixtures were considered and the heat transfer correlations were proposed. (4) Due to high oil prices, energy consumption have been attentioned in mechanical building systems. Research works have been reviewed in this field by grouping into the research on heat and cold sources, air conditioning and cleaning research, ventilation and fire research including tunnel ventilation, and piping system research. The papers involve the promotion of efficient or effective use of energy, which helps to save energy and results in reduced environmental pollution and operating cost. (5) Studies on indoor air quality took a great portion in the field of building environments. Various other subjects such as indoor thermal comfort were also investigated through computer simulation, case study, and field experiment. Studies on energy include not only optimization study and economic analysis of building equipments but also usability of renewable energy in geothermal and solar systems.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.260-267
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• 2020

In this study, supercapacitor based on the all solid state electrolyte with PVA(polyvinyl alcohol), ionic liquid as a BMIMBF4(1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) and activated carbon/Ni-MOF composite was fabricated and characterized its electrochemical properties with function of MOF. In order to analysis and comparison that electrochemical performances [including cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge test] of prepared supercapacitor based on activated carbon/Ni-MOF composite and all solid state electrolyte. As a result, specific capacitance of the supercapacitor without Ni-MOF was 380 F/g which value decreased to 340 F/g after adding Ni-MOF to activated carbon as a electrode material. This result exhibited that decreased electrochemical property of the supercapacitor effected on physical hinderance in the electrode. In further, it needs to optimization of the Ni-MOF amount (wt%) in the electrode composite to maximize its electrochemical performances.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2022

Alkaline fuel cells using liquid fuels such as hydrazine and ammonia are gaining great attention as a clean and renewable energy solution possibly owing to advantages such as excellent energy density, simple structure, compact size in fuel container, and ease of storage and transportation. However, common shortcomings including cathode flooding, fuel crossover, side yield reactions, and fuel security and toxicity are still challenging issues. Real time monitoring of fuel concentrations integrated into a fuel cell device can help improving fuel cell performance via predicting any loss of fuels used at a cathode for efficient energy production. There have been extensive research efforts made on developing real-time sensing platforms for hydrazine and ammonia. Among these, recent advancements in electrochemical sensors offering high sensitivity and selectivity, easy fabrication, and fast monitoring capability for analysis of hydrazine and ammonia concentrations will be introduced. In particular, research trend on the integration of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles and also their hybrids with carbon-based nanomaterials into electrochemical sensing platforms for improvement in sensitivity and selectivity will be highlighted.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Recently, Li-ion battery is regarded as a potential energy storage device in the lime light and it can supply power to the satellite very effectively during eclipse. Because it has better features as high voltage range, large capacity and small volume than any other battery. Generally, multi cells are connected in series to use Li-ion batteries in satellite application. Since the internal resistance of cells is different each other, voltage in some cells can be overcharged or undercharged, so capacity of the cell is reduced and the life of whole battery pack is decreased. Therefore, a voltage balancing circuit with Fly-back converter is proposed and the voltage equalization of each cell is verified the prototype in this paper.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2012

This paper proposes a quasi Z-source DVR(Dynamic Voltage Restorer) system with a series connection of the output terminals, to compensate the voltage variations in the 6.6[kV]/60[Hz] power distribution system. The conventional DVR using one quasi Z-source AC-AC converter has the advantage which it can compensate the voltage variations without the need for the additional energy storage device such as a battery, but it is impossible to compensate for the 50[%] under voltage sags. To solve this problem, a DVR system using two quasi Z-source AC-AC converters with the series connection of the output terminals is proposed. By controlling the duty ratio D in the buck-boost mode, the proposed system can control the compensation voltage. For case verification of the proposed system, PSIM simulation is achieved. As a result, in case that the voltage sags-swells occur 10[%], 20[%], 60[%] in power distribution system, and, in case that the 50[%] under voltage sags-swells continuously occur, all case could compensate by the proposed system. Especially, the compensated voltage THD was examined under the condition of the 10[%]~50[%] voltage sags and the 20[${\Omega}$]~100[${\Omega}$] load changes. The compensated voltage THD was worse for the higher load resistances and more severe voltage sags. Finally, In case of the voltage swells compensation, the compensation factor has approached nearly 1 regardless of the load resistance changes, while the compensation factor of voltage sags was related to the load variations.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2006

This paper suggests a 6-pulse-shift converter structure with PWM current-source inverter based on buck-boost configuration to improve the efficiency and to reduce the switching frequency of inverter for photovoltaic generation system, the device can be operated as interface system between solar module system and power system grid without energy storage cell. The circuit has six current-source buck-boost converter which operate chopper part and kas one full bridge inverter which make a decision the polarity of AC output. Therefore, the proposed PWM power inverter has advantages such as the reduction of witching loss and realization of unity power factor operation. The theoretical backgrounds are discussed and the input-output characteristics for the implemented prototype inverter using TMS320F2812 are verified experimentally in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.20.1-20.1
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• 2011

The nano-sized quantum structure has been an attractive candidate for investigations of the fundamental physical properties and potential applications of next-generation electronic devices. Metal nano-particles form deep quantum wells between control and tunnel oxides due to a difference in work functions. The charge storage capacity of nanoparticles has led to their use in the development of nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) devices. When compared with conventional floating gate memory devices, NFGM devices offer a number of advantages that have attracted a great deal of attention: a greater inherent scalability, better endurance, a faster write/erase speed, and more processes that are compatible with conventional silicon processes. To improve the performance of NFGM, metal nanocrystals such as Au, Ag, Ni Pt, and W have been proposed due to superior density, a strong coupling with the conduction channel, a wide range of work function selectivity, and a small energy perturbation. In the present study, bismuth metal nanocrystals were self-assembled within high-k $Bi_2Mg_{2/3}Nb_{4/3}O_7$ (BMN) films grown at room temperature in Ar ambient via radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The work function of the bismuth metal nanocrystals (4.34 eV) was important for nanocrystal-based nonvolatile memory (NVM) applications. If transparent NFGM devices can be integrated with transparent solar cells, non-volatile memory fields will open a new platform for flexible electron devices.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2020

A growing interest has emerged in recycling used automobile batteries into energy storage systems (ESSs) to prevent their harmful effects to the environment from improper disposal and to recycle such resources. To transform used batteries into ESSs, composing battery modules with similar performance by grading them is crucial. Imbalance among battery modules degrades the performance of an entire system. Thus, the selection of modules with similar performance and remaining life is the first prerequisite in the reuse of used batteries. In this study, we develop an instrument to measure the impedance spectrum of a battery module to predict the useful remaining life of the used battery. The developed hardware and software are used to apply the AC perturbation to the used battery module and measure its impedance spectrum. The developed instrument can measure the impedance spectrum of the battery module from 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz and calculate the equivalent circuit parameters through curve fitting. The performance of the developed instrument is verified by comparing the measured impedance spectra with those obtained by a commercial equipment.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

Li-air cell is an exotic type of energy storage and conversion device considered to be half battery and half fuel cell. Its successful commercialization highly depends on the timely development of key components. Among these key components, the catalyst (i.e., the core portion of the air electrode) is of critical importance and of the upmost priority. Indeed, it is expected that these catalysts will have a direct and dramatic impact on the Li-air cell's performance by reducing overpotentials, as well as by enhancing the overall capacity and cycle life of Li-air cells. Unfortunately, the technological advancement related to catalysts is sluggish at present. Based on the insights gained from this review, this sluggishness is due to challenges in both the commercialization of the catalyst, and the fundamental studies pertaining to its development. Challenges in the commercialization of the catalyst can be summarized as 1) the identification of superior materials for Li-air cell catalysts, 2) the development of fundamental, material-based assessments for potential catalyst materials, 3) the achievement of a reduction in both cost and time concerning the design of the Li-air cell catalysts. As for the challenges concerning the fundamental studies of Li-air cell catalysts, they are 1) the development of experimental techniques for determining both the nano and micro structure of catalysts, 2) the attainment of both repeatable and verifiable experimental characteristics of catalyst degradation, 3) the development of the predictive capability pertaining to the performance of the catalyst using fundamental material properties. Therefore, under the current circumstances, it is going to be an extremely daunting task to develop appropriate catalysts for the commercialization of Li-air batteries; at least within the foreseeable future. Regardless, nano materials are expected to play a crucial role in this field.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 2018

The metal alkoxide, CuCo-glycerate nanospheres (NSs), were successfully synthesized as Cu-Co bimetallic sulfides hierarchical multi-shelled hollow nanospheres ($CuCo_2S_4$ HMHNSs) through solvothermal synthesis. In this reaction mechanism, the solvothermal temperature and the amount of glycerol as a cosurfactant play significant role to optimize the morphology of CuCo-glycerate NSs. Furthermore, $CuCo_2S_4$ HMHNSs were obtained under optimized sulfurization reaction time of 10 h via anion exchange reaction between glycerate and sulfur ions. Finally, the structural and chemical compositions of CuCo-glycerate NSs and $CuCo_2S_4$ HMHNSs were confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical performances.