• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2006

'한국 남해 중앙부 해역의 표층퇴적물내 유기물의 시 공간적 분포특성을 파악하고자 2002년 4월부터 2003년 1월까지 15개 정점을 대상으로 격월간격으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 저층해수(B-1m) 수온과 염분 그리고 표층퇴적물의 니질 함량과 함수율은 각각 $8.1{\sim}23.4^{\circ}C,\;29.2{\sim}34.5\;psu,\;71.2{\sim}99.9%$ 및 $38.7{\sim}68.9%$의 범위를 보였다. 강열감량(IL), 식물색소량(phaeopigment), 입자성 유기탄소(POC), 입자성 유기질소(PON) 및 화학적산소요구량(CODs)은 각각 $3.9{\sim}12.5%,\;1.58{\sim}29.51\;{\mu}g/g-dry,\;3.12{\sim}13.01\;mgC/g-dry,\;0.49{\sim}2.0\;mgN/g-dry$ 그리고 $9.6{\sim}44.05\;mgO_2/g-dry$의 범위를 보였다. 유기물의 공간적인 분포는 육지와 인접한 연안역보다 수심이 깊은 외양역에서 높은 유기물량을 나타내었다. 시간적으로는 저수온기보다 고수온기에 유기물량이 증가하였다. 유기물 기원은 C/N ratio가 평균 6.44(${\pm}0.51$)로 나타나 해양자체 생산에 의한 생물기원 유기물에 게 의존하고 있으나, 비교적 높은 POC/phaeopigment ratio로 부터 전체적으로 식물플랑크톤보다 쇄설성 유기물질에 의한 조성비가 높음을 알 수 있었다. 주성분분석 결과 누적 기여율 73.2%의 제 2주성분까지 도출되었다. 얻어진 인자부하량으로부터 제 1주성분은 '환경요인에 따른 표층퇴적물의 유기물 집적정도(57.3%)'를, 제 2주성분은 '해양의 생유기물에 의한 유기물 척도(15.9%)'로 판단되었다. 정점별 득점 분포로부터 남해 중앙부 해역의 표층퇴적물 환경은 유기물 함량과 퇴적물내 식물플랑크톤에 의한 유기물 조성 비율에 따라 4개의 해역으로 구분되었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2020

잭업 드릴링 리그 (Jack-up drilling rigs)는 해양자원개발 분야 중 석유 및 가스 탐사 산업에서 널리 사용되는 대표적인 해양구조물이다. 이러한 잭업 구조물은 대체로 얕은 수심에서 사용하도록 설계되었지만 에너지 산업의 추세로 대수심 및 가혹한 환경 조건에서도 사용이 가능한 설계가 요구되고 있다. 이러한 잭업구조물의 운영환경 확장에 따라서 과도한 설계를 최소화하고 신뢰성 반영된 설계법이 요구되었다. 기존의 해양구조물 산업에서 잭업 구조물의 설계법은 사용(혹은 허용)응력 설계 (WSD: Working (or Allowable) Stress Design) 방법을 사용하여 설계가 되고 있었다. 이러한 설치환경변화에 따라서 충분한 신뢰성을 확보가 가능한 하중 및 저항계수 (LRFD: Load and Resistance Factored Design) 방법을 최근 개발되었고 규정화가 되었다. LRFD 방법은 통계적 기반으로 한 한계상태설계 개념으로 잭업구조물의 구성구조부재의 하중과 전산수치해석을 이용한 강도의 불확성을 하중 및 저항 계수로 표현하는 설계법이다. 개발된 LRFD 방법은 실제 잭업구조물 설계의 적합성 판단을 위하여 기존의 WSD 방법과의 정량적인 비교 분석이 반드시 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 WSD와 LRFD 방법으로 이용하여 실 잭업 구조물의 레그 구조를 대상으로 상용유한요소해석코드를 이용하여 정량적인 UC (Unity Check)값을 기반으로 비교 분석하였다. 분석된 결과로 다양한 환경하중조건 하에서 LRFD 방법을 사용하여 잭업구조물의 레그(Leg) 설계에서 상당히 합리적인 UC 값을 가지고 기존 대표적인 WSD기법 중에 하나인 API-RP 코드 대비 약 31 % 차이가 분석되었다. 따라서 LRFD 설계 방법이 WSD 방법에 비해 구조 최적화 및 합리적인 설계에 더 유리하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.301-322
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• 1996

This study is first aimed at identifying the possibility of labour saving and production cost decreasing in rice production with respect to seed broad casting technology. Comparison of labour inputs and production costs of rice in-between USA and Korea and recommendation of policy guidelines for the continous rice cultivation are the second objective of this study. Under the WTO system, rice enterprice is the most vulnerable crop in the sense of labour productivity and price competitiveness in the international market. How to adapt labour saving technology and how to decrease production costs are the most imminent problems to be solved in rice production. To achieve the objectives, survey on nine rice enterprice farms were made in Daeho tidal farmland with respect to the size of farm, labour inputs, productivity, farm mechanization and farm land base development. The existing data on labour saving technology by seed broadcasting which had surveyed by Rural Development Administration were collected to compare the surveyed data from Daeho tidal farm land The study results and policy recommendation are summarized as follows; 1. Labour requirements per 10a for rice enterprise farms with seed broadcasting and with transplanting were estimated 11.4 and 18.5hours respectively. 'This above labour inputs were equivalent to 1/3-1/5 of the national average labour inputs of 53.6 hours which were included transplanting and harvesting by machinery. Considering the labour requirement of 1.7 hours per 10a for the USA rice production, Korea rice culture has possibility to decrease labour demand upto USA level of labour inputs. 2. Production cost of rice in Korea were estimated US$4,181 per ha which were higher than that of USA by 3.00 times and production costs per ton were shown as US$313 for USA rice and US$1,018 for Korean rice. 3. Land productivity of rice per 10a in America was reached to 4,325kg and the counterpart of Korea was about 4,181kg in recent year. In the sense of land productivity, both yields of rice were comparable. 4. The price of japonica type rice similar to Korean traditional rice in international market in 1994 was f.o.b US$466 per ton which was equivalent to import parity price of US$830 per ton in domestic market. The price of rice purchased by Korean G't and received by farmers were amounted to US$ 2,013 and US$ 1,663 respectively in the same year. Domestic prices mentioned above were higher than the import parity price as US$830 by 2.0-2.4 times. 5. American rice production competitive to Korean rice was equivalent to 17,012 thousand tons, 1.28% of the world production of rice in 1991 and consumption of rice in America was amounted to 2,633 thousand tons. Exportable quantity of USA rice were estimated as 4,379 thousand tons of which 52.3%, 2,300 thousand tons, were exported indeed in the same year. 6. The quantity of Korean rice produced in 1991 was estimated 1.00% of the world production. The world amount of rice exported in 1991 was reached to 2.45% of the world production of which 34.2% was occupied by USA The remaining quantities of world exported rice were dominated by Tiland, Pakistan and Vietnam where produced indica variety. 7. Under the given technology, labour inputs per 10a for rice production could be possible to save by 70% of the national average labour requirement of 53.6 hours through implmenting complete farm mechanization with land consolidation and on-farm development and improvement of fanning practices like seedbroad casting txchnology etc. On the other hand, prduction costs of rice could be decreased by 10% rather than 49% as target indicated in the Rural Development Counter Measures of Korean Government in 1994 owing to increasing farm mechanization cost and interest on land service with high price. Accordingly production cost of rice per kg could be decreased only by 10% of the 1994 production cost. 8. Rice policy of Korean government in the future should take into account the labour saving technology to solve labour shortage in rural area and to enhance off-farm incomes by creating job opportunities in agro-industrial zones and special production area. On account of the staple food and main energy source for people's health, rice production even encountered vulnerable economic settings should be continued without price distortion policies and discouraging farmer's intention to cultivate rice by importing institutionally the direct income subsidy system.