• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.353-360
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• 1991

An experiment with completely randomized design was performed to investigate the effects of lysine and supplemented sodium on growth performance, nutrients utilization, acid-base balance and lysine arginine antagonism in broiler chicks. The experiment was carried out with 3 levels of dietary lysine (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8%) and 3 levels of sodium(0.4, 0.8 and 1.2%) for an experimental period of 7 weeks. Body weight gain of 1.2% lysine group was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of low or high lysine group. The highest feed consumption was obtained at 1.2% lysine and 0.4% sodium supplemented level (ML-1.2) and the lowest at LL-1.2. The best feed efficiency was obtained at ML-0.8 level and the worst at LL-1.2 level. Mortalities of high (1.8%) and low (0.6%) lysine groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than medium lysine (1.2%) group. Among the sodium levels, the mortality at 1.2% sodium supplemented level was significantly (p<0.01) different by the levels of dietary lysine. Lysine-arginine antagonism was observed in high lysine diet. Among the lysine levels, the lowest none weight and length were shown in low lysine group. Interactions between lysine and sodium were significantly (p<0.05) shown in femur weight. The levels of sodium and lysine affected significantly (p<0.01) the utilization of nitrogen, ether extract, total carbohydrate and energy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1348-1354
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• 2003

The feeding value of high-oil corn fed to Taiwan Country (TC) chicken was examined by measuring apparent metabolizable energy (AME), growth performance, sexual maturity, carcass characteristics, and plasma pigmentation. In a completely randomized design, 870 sex-intermingled one-wk-old chicks were assigned to one of 30 floor pens, 29 birds per pen, and each pen randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments. The experiment was ended when birds were 16 wk of age. The five dietary treatments varied in main fat sources, which were corn oil (CO), high-oil corn (HOC), lard (LRD), whole soybean (WSB) and yellow corn (YC), respectively. All the diets were formulated isonitrogenously, isocalorically, and of equal lysine and methionine contents except YC, in which equal amounts of YC replaced HOC. The results indicated that feed conversion in HOC was 8% higher (p<0.05) than YC whereas the calculated AME of HOC was only 3.5% to 4.0% higher than that of YC. No significant differences were observed in body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and ME efficiency for body weight gain among CO, HOC, LRD, and WSB. No significant differences existed in both skin and muscle pigmentation of breast among the five dietary treatments. No significance differences existed in plasma carotenoid content measured at various ages among the five dietary treatments except that birds fed with HOC had less (p<0.05) plasma carotenoids at 16 wk-old. The results indicate that if the price of high-oil corn is no more than 1.05 times that of yellow corn, the dietary cost per kg of body weight gain for TC chickens fed diets containing high-oil corn will be less, although their body weight may be lighter compared to chickens fed diets formulated with other fat sources.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.752-758
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• 2011

In this paper, experiments to develop working clothes and evaluated, including the current and material-improved working clothes in relation to physiological functionality measurement. Experiments were conducted on subjects after wearing working clothes in an climate chamber, and the thermo-physiological response, such as human body temperature, micro-climate within the clothes, blood pressure, heart rate were measured. In this manner, the physiological functionality of improved working clothes was compared with that of current working clothes and evaluated. The summary of obtained results is as follows: For physiological functionality evaluation through material-improved working clothes, P working clothes showed significantly lower rectal temperature than C working clothes. For mean skin temperature, P's skin temperature was significantly higher than C's in the second half of the experiment. P working clothes's temperature around the thighs in Micro climate was significantly lower than that of the C working clothes. Also, humidity within the clothes showed similar trends. During the exercise period, C working clothes showed higher blood pressure than P, but P showed higher heart rates than C. Also, the oxygen uptake amount was higher in C than P during the exercise period, it explains that the energy consumption amount of P working clothes was smaller than that of C working clothes. Of the subjective evaluation, for temperature sensation, workers wearing P working clothes felt cooler. For humidity, C working clothes showed more humidity. For comfort, P working clothes were better, and for sense of fatigue, workers felt less tired wearing P working clothes. From results above, we can see that physiological functionality improved in the material-improved working clothes in the working clothes for construction site workers. The improvement of working clothes through functionality improvements not only will provide personal pleasantness to constriction site workers, but will also generate efficiency and productivity improvements at construction sites. All in all, the continuous study of functionality improvements in working clothes taking into consideration the human body's physiological responses is required.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1193-1200
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• 2001

There are many regulation test methods to be related with engine emissions such as CVS-75, D-13, ECE-15 modes and so on. Most of these modes are consisted of lots of transient conditions that have rapid acceleration, deceleration and cranking modes. In this experimental research, the engine characteristics of cranking, accelerating and power output in a S.I. engine were studied to compare with neat gasoline and alternative fuels of M30 (methanol 30%, aromatic series 32%, non-aromatic 38%) and M50 (methanol 50%, aromatic 30%, non-aromatic 20%) for performance and exhaust emissions. The results show that reformulated methanol fuels are better emissions reduction of 15.7% over than that of neat gasoline fuel especially in HC and CO emissions at cranking mode. And the accelerating performances coincide with the results of distillation curve. CO concentration for M50 fuel is varied in a just little for the condition of slow acceleration. At wide-open throttle condition, brake specific energy consumption of reformulated fuels is increased and thermal efficiency is some what lower than that of gasoline fuel.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2006

안전한 무선 센서 네트워크 환경의 구축을 위하여 노드 간에 전송되는 메시지를 암호화하고 인증하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 자원의 제약성 때문에 일반 네트워크에서 사용하는 Diffie-Hellman이나 공개키 기반 키 협의 방법은 적합하지 않다. 최근 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있는 사전 키 분배 방법은 q-composite 랜덤 키 사전 분배 방법을 사용하여 확률적으로 키를 분배하지만 센서 노드간의 공유키가 존재하지 않을 가능성이 매우 높고, 공유키를 발견하는데 시간과 에너지가 많이 소요되어 무선 네트워크 환경에 적합하지 않다. 이 논문에서는 확률적 키에 의존하지 않는 클러스터 기반의 새로운 키 관리 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안 프로토콜은 부트스트랩(bootstrap) 동안 사전 배치 전에 센서간 공유하고 있는 공통키 사용을 통하여 센서의 키 전송/수용과정을 제거하였기 때문에 키 관리 효율성이 높다. 또한 네트워크상에 존재하는 타협된 노드들을 안전하게 탐지할 수 있도록 lightweight 침입탐지 메커니즘 기능을 적용함으로써 안전성 문제를 해결한다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

In general, a large-capacity axial flow fan is used for industrial processes or ventilation in a social overhead capital infrastructure. The main characteristics of the large axial-flow fan need a lot of electrical power consumption and operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Since the large axial flow fan consumes several hundreds to thousands kW per hour, both manufacturer and consumer are struggling to select high efficiency products for saving energy and reducing operation cost. Therefore, the performance testing should be accurately conducted in experimental equipments. The performance estimation and uncertainty of measurement of the axial-flow fan gathered from the result from nozzle shaped testing equipments certified with ANSI/AMCA standard and duct shaped testing equipment under the same experimental condition. The experimental results from both facilities have maximum 17% differences in performance evaluation and uncertainty of measurement. As considering that the differences, it is doubt about the reliability of testing result. The test was repeated with the specific term during 12 months because it is important to fully reflect the real conditions and to decide the repeatability of data. The evaluation of duct type testing facilities was failed to get an uncertainty measure. Testing results were previously published. As a series of previous paper, axial fan (∅1690 mm) and duct type testing facilities were fabricated. The purpose of fabricating testing equipment was testing an uncertainty measurement under the controlled environments.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

This study investigated the effects of carnitine and/or ${\gamma}$ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on lipid profiles and some immune related nutrient in mice. Balb/c male mice were orally treated with either an AIN-76 diet (Con), a control diet plus carnitine (CS, 0.5 g/kg bw), a control diet plus GABA (GS, 0.5 g/kg bw) or a control diet plus carnitine plus GABA (CGS, 0.25 g/kg bw, respectively) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed consumption, energy intake, body weight gain or feed efficiency ratio among the groups during the experimental period. However, abdominal fat deposits were smaller in CS, GS and CGS groups compared with the Con group. Serum and liver triglycerides also were lower in CS, GS and CGS and serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the CGS group compared with the Con group. Serum LDL cholesterol was lower in the CGS group and liver HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the CS group compared with Con group. In serum, stearic acid and selecholeic acid were lower, but arachidic acid was higher in the CS group. Liver stearic acid was higher but oleic acid lower in CGS group compared with Con group. In carnitine supplemented groups, serum and liver nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acidsoluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), total carnitine (TCNE) concentrations were higher in only the CS group, not CGS group. Serum vitamin A and E concentrations were not different among the groups. These results may suggest that carnitine and/or GABA supplementation improves lipid profiles in mice, but did not affect the immune-related nutrients that we measured under the experimental conditions of this study.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2020

In this work, a detailed study on the electrochemical degradation of an azo dye, Orange G is performed using a platinum electrode. Indeed, the influence of the dye concentration (50-150 mg/L), the pH of the medium and the density of the electric current is studied on the rate of discoloration, the rate of mineralization, the efficiency of the electric current and the energy consumption. The UV-visible spectra of OG plotted against the degradation time show the decrease of the intensity of the characteristic dye peaks. In an environment rich in chlorides, all peaks disappear after 15 min of degradation. However, the peaks at wavelengths of 200 and 290 nm appeared after one hour of treatment. In K₂SO₄, the eliminated percentages are respectively 46, 54 and 61% for wavelengths of 245, 330 and 480 nm. This suggests that the degradation mechanisms in K₂SO₄ and KCl environments are not the same. In the middle rich in chlorides, the eliminated percentage of OG did not seem to be affected by the concentrations increase. These results confirm the hypothesis that electrochemical oxidation process is very favorable for concentrated pollutants discharge.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

Purpose: Mee (Madhuca longifolia) is an economically important tree growing throughout Sri Lanka. Its importance is mainly attributed to its oil with high nutritional and medicinal values. However, an inefficient extraction method limits its use. This study revealed the possibility of extracting oil from mee seeds by using a screw-type oil expeller. Methods: A popular screw-type oil expeller was used in the experiment. Extract bar clearance and speeds of the main spiral shaft were altered to increase the oil expelling efficiency of the machine. The quality of refined oil at the optimum oil yield was determined by measuring the refractive index, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, free fatty acid, and specific gravity. Results: An optimum yield of 35% oil was obtained when the machine capacity was 30 kg/h and energy consumption was 0.13 kWh/kg. This optimum machine condition was observed at an extract bar clearance of 0.5 mm and a main spiral shaft speed of 90 rpm. The refractive index, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, free fatty acid, and specific gravity of the oil were 1.4, 203, 59, 3.5%, 0.2%, and 0.907 g/cm3 respectively. Color of the mee oil was closer to yellow, which is revealed by the lightness value (L) of 24.93 and positive value (b) of 11.81. Conclusion: The screw-type oil expeller can be used for economically extracting mee oil on a commercial scale.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2009

가정용 및 산업용 세정제품에 주성분으로 사용되고 있는 계면활성제는 유화, 가용화, 분산, 세정, 습윤, 기포 등의 기본기능뿐만 아니라 경제성, 인체 및 환경 안전성의 요건을 충족해야 하며, 최근에는 지속가능발전이라는 관점에서 계면활성제의 제조 및 사용환경조건에서 원료자원, 에너지, 폐기물을 가능한 절약하여야 한다. 이러한 사회적 경제적 환경변화에 부응하기 위하여 새로운 고기능 계면활성제 개발이 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며, 현재까지 기존 계면활성제의 분자 구조 조정에 의한 용해성 및 계면활성 증가 그리고 혼합 계면활성제 시스템에 의한 계면활성 상승작용에서 괄목할 만한 성과가 이루어 졌다. 본 총설에서는 최근에 도출된 다양한 연구개발 결과 중 기술적 발전 및 산업화 응용측면에서 의미가 있는 고기능 계면활성제들의 개발 및 응용현황에 대하여 논의한다.