• Title/Summary/Keyword: Energetic materials

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Separation of Waste TNT and RDX Mixture Using SMB Process (SMB 공정을 이용한 폐기 TNT와 RDX 혼합 용액의 분리)

  • Oh, Donghoon;Kim, Sunhee;Lee, Keundeuk;Ahn, Iksung;Lee, Chang-Ha
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.163-171
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    • 2017
  • Currently, researches on recycling and reuse of waste energetic materials have recently gained a great attention from advanced countries due to ever tightening environmental regulations. In this study, as a part of a recycling technology, the experiments and dynamic simulation of simulated moving bed (SMB) process were performed to efficiently separate TNT and RDX from their mixture, which are main components of ammunition. In order to determine the operation zone of SMB process, the retention times of TNT and RDX were measured using HPLC at different flow rates and the adsorption equilibrium of each component was obtained by using a moment method. According to the adsorption equilibrium and the triangle theory of SMB process, four operation points were determined and separation experiments were carried out by the SMB process using the solvent consisting of acetonitrile and water. Two different mixing ratios (6:4 and 1:1) of acetonitrile and water were chosen for the experiment due to the great impact of mixing ratio of the solvent on separation. The performance of SMB process was evaluated by purity, recovery, productivity and solvent consumption. Pure TNT and RDX were successfully obtained from the SMB process and the dynamic simulation for the SMB process agreed well with the experimental results. Therefore, the dynamic model could be applied for predicting the dynamic behavior of the SMB process and designing a large scale SMB process.

Korean Musical Actress Jung Sun-Ah's Acting Skill and Style from the Projection and Back-projection Perspectives ('투사-역투사 이론' 관점의 한국 뮤지컬 배우 정선아의 연기 스킬과 스타일 특성)

  • Kim, Jeong-Seob;Lee, Eun-Hye
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2021
  • Jeong Sun-Ah built up her performance career for twenty years with bold and energetic acting and solidified her status as a leading actress of Korean musical since her debut. To benefit from the value of her experience this study performed an in-depth interview with her, applying the Theory of "Projection" and "Back-projection", which are the psychological principles of acting, and derived "acting(entering the roles)" and "de-acting(leaving the roles)" techniques. As result, Her acting mechanism involved emptying her ego, embodying a persona by projecting the role created by intensive exploration of materials like previous performance, film of the same title, original novel, and script, and then getting the ego back by back-projecting through dynamic activities such as overseas travel and dance. She pre-studied the roles by physically visiting sites that are important to the characters. She was unique in that she pursued a difference by changing vocal trainers for each musical production and undertook more intense physical training than vocal practice to achieve powerful singing performance. In most of her works (75%), she suffered from aftereffects such as depression, narcissism, hysteria, and insomnia due to disorder caused by breaking away from the roles. However, she relied on self-help and alternatives are needed in the future such as reinforcement of expert counselling. Jeong Sun-Ah appeared on an average of 1.6 productions per year, practiced for an average of 1.7 months, and performed for an average of 3.9 months with an average of 100 days of break between productions. Her performance record from this research demonstrates her constant preparation and passion, as well as the know-how of reserving and distributing energy. So, it has a valuable implications for acting education and self-management of actors and actress.

A Study on Soviet Constructive Fashion in 1920s (1920년대 소비에트 구성주의 패션에 관한 연구)

  • 조윤경;금기숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.36
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    • pp.183-203
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    • 1998
  • The wave of Avant-garde swept away all in the unique social background so called 'October Revolution' and the early 1900 Russian society which was able to absorb and accept anything. The Russian avant-garde has been affected by the Cubism and the Futurism those had peculiarly appeared in the early twentieth century, spreaded out to three spheres: the Suprematism, the Rayonism and the Constructivism. The Russian Constructivism has appeared in this background, concretely and ideally ex-pressed the ideology of the revolution into the artistic form and made an huge influence to the whole Russian society. The Constructivist like Tatlin, naum Gabo, Pevaner, Rodchenko, Stepanova, Popova and Exter gave great effect on the Soviet Constructive fashion design in 1920's after the Revolution. The Soviet costume in 1920s hold in common the characteristicss of the Constructive graphic as it is, geometrical and abstractive form, energetic and motility. In fashion design, these graphic qualities have been showed as the application of geometrical form and architectural image, physical distortion and transformation. And in textile design, the simple, dynamical presentation has been appeared. We can classify the Soviet costume at this time into three occasions. The first term is from late 1910 th mid 1920, and it is altered from folk costume design to modern one. With Lamanova as the first on the list, using the folk mitif, the Constructive expression of simple form has been gradually revealed in design. Designers like Makarova, Pribylskaia and Mukhina produced the plane, simple chemise style with the decoration of the Russian traditional motif. From early to late 1920 is the second term, and it is at the pick of the most active processing of the Constructive design. Not only at the costume in daily life but also at the theatrical costume and textile, the con-structive design has been represented all avail-able fields. Many Constructivists including Stepanova, Popova, Exter and Rodchenko took part in the textile design and costume design so as to evlvo their aesthetic concept. The third term is from late 1920 to early 1930. The socialistic realism has dominated over the whole culture and art, the revolutionary dynamic motif has been presented also in textile design. The formative features of Soviet Constructive fashion design are; silhouette, from, motif, color and fabric. The first, the silhouette : a straight rectangular silhouetted has been expressed through the whole period and a volumed one with distorted human body shape has introduced in the theatrical costume design. The second, the form: many lengthened rectangular forms have been made at beginnings, but to the middle period, geometrical, architectural forms have been more showed and there are energy and movement in design. At the last period, only a partial feature-division has been seen. The third, the motif; no pattern or ethnic motif has been partly used at beginnings, a figure like circle, tri-angle has gradually appeared in textile design. At latter period, a real-existent motif like an airplane has been represented with graphing and simplicity. The fourth, the color ; because of insufficient dyeing, neutral color like black or grey color has been mainly covered, but after middle term, a primary color or pastel tone has been seen, contrast of the fabric; without much development of textile industry after the Revolution, thick and durable fabrics have been the main stream, but as time had going to the last period, fabrics such as linen, cotton, velvet and silk have been varously choesn. At the theatrical costume, new materials like plastics and metals that were able to accentuate the form. The pursuit of popularity, simplicity and functionalism that the basic concept of Constructive fashion is one of the "beauty" which has been searching in modern fashion. And now we can appreciate how innovative and epochal this Soviet Constructive fashion movement was.ement was.

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Evaluation on Feed-Nutritional Change of Food Waste According to Different Processing Methods and Trouble-shooting Strategy (음식물쓰레기의 가공처리방법별 사료영양소 함량 변화 평가 및 문제점 개선 방안)

  • Jee, K.S.;Baik, Y.H.;Kwak, W.S.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.513-524
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to introduce recycling procedures of food waste(FW) as feed according to the dehydration, semi-dehydration fermentation and liquid fermentation methods through the on-site survey of companies related, to trace physico-chemical components and nutritional losses depending upon the processing stage for each method and finally to suggest more desirable methodology for the efficient utilization of FW as animal feed. For the dehydration method, dewatering of FW alone reduced(P<0.05) moisture(approximately 10%) and ether extract contents and increased(P<0.05) fiber contents. Dewatering and subsequent dehydration of FW decreased(P<0.05) contents of ether extract, limiting amino acids such as lysine, methionine and histidine, pepsin digestibility of protein by half, and NaCl content by 40%, increased(P<0.05) contents of fiber, crude ash, Ca and P, and did not alter(P>0.05) pH. The semi-dehydration fermentation method of FW did not affect(P>0.05) the chemical components, pepsin digestibility of protein, pH and NaCl content. For the liquid fermentation method, pasteurization and fermentation of FW decreased(P<0.05) contents of dry matter, ether extract, crude fiber, lysine and NaCl; however, it did not affect(P>0.05) other chemical components, pepsin digestibility of protein and pH. Among the processing methods, nutrient losses were highest for the dehydration method(25% of metabolizable energy loss, 12% of organic matter loss) and little for the semi-dehydration and liquid fermentation methods. The on-site survey of companies related revealed that the existence of foreign materials in FW products were problematic for all the three companies surveyed, thus it was necessary to develop a more efficient screener. Before feeding FW-containing diets to pigs, high quality of protein and energy feedstuffs needed to be fortified for the dehydration method. For the semi-dehydration fermentation method, the scientific diet formulation technology was required at the initial mixing stage. For the liquid fermentation method, possibly most energetic and proteinaceous feeds needed to be supplemented for the normal animal growth.