• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of sinus perforation during endodontic microsurgery and to assess healing of cases with sinus perforation. Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiographic records were collected from patients who were treated with endodontic microsurgery in the Microscope Center of the Department of Conservative Dentistry at Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea, between March 2001 and January 2016. To determine the incidence of sinus perforation, all cases involving maxillary premolar and molar teeth were assessed, and cases with perforation of maxillary sinus during the procedure were counted. To assess the outcome of the endodontic microsurgery, cases with sinus perforation were recalled at least 1 year after surgery. Result: Two hundred and forty-nine maxillary premolars and molars were treated with endodontic microsurgery. Among these cases, 16 cases had sinus perforations. Overall incidence of sinus perforation was 6.4%. Thirteen cases with sinus perforation were followed up for 1 year after endodontic microsurgery. Outcome assessment revealed that 2 of 13 cases with sinus perforation had failed. The success rate of endodontic microsurgery with sinus perforation was 84.6%. Conclusion: Endodontic surgery performed using microsurgical techniques decreases the risk of sinus perforation. Predictable outcomes of endodontic microsurgeries and healing of sinus membrane can be expected with adequate treatment steps and careful periodic follow-ups in cases with maxillary sinus perforations.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

Epinephrine is one of the most widely-used vasoconstrictors in dental treatment including endodontic microsurgery. However, the systemic safety of epinephrine has been in debate for many years because of its potential risk to cause cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this review was to assess the cardiovascular effect of epinephrine use in endodontic microsurgery. Endodontic microsurgery directly applies epinephrine into the bone cavity, and the amount is reported to be much larger than other dental surgeries. Moreover, when considering that systemic potency of intraosseous application is reported to be comparable to intravenous application, the systemic influence of epinephrine could be increased in endodontic microsurgery. Besides, pre-existing cardiovascular complications or drug interactions can enhance its systemic influence, resulting in increased susceptibility to cardiovascular complications. Although clinical studies have not reported significant complications for patients without severe systemic complications, many epinephrine-induced emergency cases are warning the cardiovascular risk related with pre-existing systemic disease or drug interactions. Epinephrine is a dose-sensitive drug, and its hypersensitivity reaction can be fatal to patients when it is related to cardiovascular complications. Therefore, clinicians should recognize the risk, and the usage of pre-operative patient evaluation, dose control and patient monitoring are required to ensure patient's safety during endodontic microsurgery.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.9
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• 2020

Apical surgery for a mandibular molar is still challenging for many reasons. This report describes the applications of computer-guided cortical 'bone-window technique' using piezoelectric saws that prevented any nerve damage in performing endodontic microsurgery of a mandibular molar. A 49-year-old woman presented with gumboil on tooth #36 (previously endodontically treated tooth) and was diagnosed with chronic apical abscess. Periapical lesions were confirmed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Endodontic microsurgery for the mesial and distal roots of tooth #36 was planned. Following the transfer of data of the CBCT images and the scanned cast to an implant surgical planning program, data from both devices were merged. A surgical stent was designed, on the superimposed three-dimensional model, to guide the preparation of a cortical window on the buccal side of tooth #36. Endodontic microsurgery was performed with a printed surgical template. Minimal osteotomy was required and preservation of the buccal cortical plate rendered this endodontic surgery less traumatic. No postoperative complications such as mental nerve damage were reported. Window technique guided by a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture based surgical template can be considerably useful in endodontic microsurgery in complicated cases.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2014

Appropriate use of local hemostatic agent is one of the important factors on the prognosis of endodontic microsurgery. However, most investigations to date focus on the hemostatic efficacy of the agents, whereas their biologic characteristics have not received enough attention. The purpose of this paper was to review the biologic response of local hemostatic agents, and to provide clinical guidelines on their use during endodontic microsurgery. Electronic database (PUBMED) was screened to search related studies from 1980 to 2013, and 8 clinical studies and 18 animal studies were identified. Among the materials used in these studies, most widely-investigated and used materials, epinephrine, ferric sulfate (FS) and calcium sulfate (CS), were thoroughly discussed. Influence of these materials on local tissue and systemic condition, such as inflammatory and foreign body reaction, local ischemia, dyspigmentation, delayed or enhanced bone and soft tissue healing, and potential cardiovascular complications were assessed. Additionally, biological property of their carrier materials, cotton pellet and absorbable collagen, were also discussed. Clinicians should be aware of the biologic properties of local hemostatic agents and their carrier materials, and should pay attention to the potential complications when using them in endodontic microsurgery.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.556-564
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• 2017

Endodontic surgery is a procedure to treat apical periodontitis or abscess in cases that did not heal after nonsurgical treatment or retreatment. This might include situations with persistent intracanal infection after root canal treatment. Other reasons might be found in extraradicular infection, such as bacterial biofilm on the apical root surface or bacteria within the lesion. For many years, the treatment standard was the traditional approach with surgical burs and amalgam for root-end filling. Endodontic microsurgery is the most recent step in the evolution of endodontic surgery, applying not only ultrasonic tip and biocompatible filling materials but also incorporating high-power magnification and illumination. Although many studies have been published that advocate the use of modern technique, the traditional techniques are still widely used in the surgery community. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the endodontic microsurgery procedure including the root-end preparation and filling with the use of a surgical operating microscope.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.17.1-17.8
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• 2022

Endodontic microsurgery is a predictable treatment option when orthograde treatment or retreatment is unsuccessful or unfeasible. However, when there is a gross compromise of periapical bone, achievement of bone regeneration after the surgical procedure may be hampered. In such cases, the application of guided tissue regeneration principles, with adjunctive use of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin to fill the bone defect as a bone substitute and as a membrane to cover the site, provides a cost-effective solution with the benefits of accelerated physiological healing and reduced post-surgical pain and discomfort. This case report presents 2 cases of endodontic microsurgery of the upper lateral incisors with loss of buccal cortical plate, where platelet-rich fibrin was successfully applied.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Apical surgery cuts off the apical root and the crown-to-root ratio becomes unfavorable. Crown-to-root ratio has been applied to periodontally compromised teeth. Apical root resection is a different matter from periodontal bone loss. The purpose of this paper is to review the validity of crown-to-root ratio in the apically resected teeth. Most roots have conical shape and the root surface area of coronal part is wider than apical part of the same length. Therefore loss of alveolar bone support from apical resection is much less than its linear length.The maximum stress from mastication concentrates on the cervical area and the minimum stress was found on the apical 1/3 area. Therefore apical root resection is not so harmful as periodontal bone loss. Osteotomy for apical resection reduces longitudinal width of the buccal bone and increases the risk of endo-perio communication which leads to failure. Endodontic microsurgery is able to realize 0 degree or shallow bevel and precise length of root resection, and minimize the longitudinal width of osteotomy. The crown-to-root ratio is not valid in evaluating the prosthodontic prognosis of the apically resected teeth. Accurate execution of endodontic microsurgery to preserve the buccal bone is essential to avoid endo-perio communication.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.7
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• 2019

Endodontic microsurgery is defined as the treatment performed on the root apices of an infected tooth, which was unresolved with conventional root canal therapy. Recently, the advanced technology in 3-dimensional model reconstruction based on computed tomography such as cone beam computed tomography has opened a new avenue in application of personalized, accurate diagnosis and has been increasingly used in the field of dentistry. Nevertheless, direct intra-oral localization of root apex based on the 3-dimensional information is extremely difficult and significant amount of bone removal is inevitable when freehand surgical procedure was employed. Moreover, gingival flap and alveolar bone fenestration are usually required, which leads to prolonged time of surgery, thereby increasing the chance of trauma as well as the risk of infection. The purpose of this case report is to present endodontic microsurgery using the guide template that can accurately target the position of apex for the treatment of an anterior tooth with calcified canal which was untreatable with conventional root canal therapy and unable to track the position of the apex due to the absence of fistula.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2013

Nowadays, oral anticoagulants are commonly prescribed to numerous patients for preventing cardiovascular accident such as thromboembolism. An important side effect of anticoagulant is anti-hemostasis. In a major surgery, the oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) regimen must be changed before the surgery for proper post-operative bleeding control. However, in a minor dental surgery and endodontic surgery, the necessity for changing or discontinuing the OAT is open to debate. In this study, risks of the consequences were weighed and analyzed. In patients who stop the OAT, the occurrence of thromboembolic complication is rare but the result is fatal. In patients who continuing the OAT, post-operative bleeding can be controlled well with the local hemostatic measures. In the endodontic surgery, there are almost no studies about this issue. The intra-operative bleeding control is particularly important in the endodontic surgery because of its delicate and sensitive procedures such as inspection of resected root surface using dental microscope and retrograde filling. Further studies are necessary about this issue in the viewpoint of endodontic surgery.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.465-476
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• 2011

최근의 근관치료학 분야에서 외과적 재치료는 수술현미경, 초음파기구, 미세수술기구 등의 도입으로 많은 변화가 있어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 전통적인 치근단 수술법과 비교하여 미세 치근단 수술의 주요 술식을 알아보고 이미 출간된 논문에 근거하여 미세 치근단 수술의 성공과 실패 그리고 성공과 실패에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 고찰하고자 하였다. 수술현미경은 수술부위를 밝게 확대해서 봄으로써 치근단 부위의 미세한 형태를 조명할 수 있게 되었으며 이는 술식의 성공을 위해서 필수적인 요소가 되었다. 초음파 기구 또한 치근단 역충전을 위한 정확한 와동형성을 가능하게 해 주었다. 따라서 미세 치근단 수술은 기존방식의 문제점이었던 많은 골삭제, 경사진 치근절제, 부정확한 역충전 와동 형성, 치근단 미세구조 관찰의 어려움 등을 극복함으로써 술식이 더욱 정확해지고, 성공가능성이 더 높아졌다고 볼 수 있다. 미세 치근단 수술에 영향을 미치는 요소에는 다양한 요인들이 존재할 수 있으나 전통방식의 치근단 수술보다 술식이 표준화 됨으로써 술식에 의한 영향을 줄일 수 있다. 환자와 치아에 관계되는 요소 중에서는 치주질환의 이환 여부와 치아위치(tooth position)가 예후에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 아직까지 그 수가 부족한 상태로 앞으로 검증수준 (evidence level)이 높은 Randomized clinical trial 혹은 전향적 코호트 연구가 많이 이루어져야 할 것이다.