• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.9 s.220
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• pp.831-834
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• 1987

개업치과의사들에 있어서 근관치료시 발생되는 가장 골치아픈 문제중 하나가 바로 Endodontic Flare-up이다. 미국 근관치료학회에서는 이러한 문제에 대한 일반 개업의들의 이해를 돕고자 미국내에서 개업하고 있는 일반 치과의사 70,000여명에게 다음 내용의 카세트테잎을 보낸바 있다. 역시 우리들에게도 많은 도움이 될 것같아 소개해 본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2007

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.429-435
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate average working lengths of Korean posterior teeth and evaluate validity of endodontic file length. Materials and Methods: The endodontic working length of the posterior teeth of 670 Korean patients were measured than each mean value and standard deviation were investigated than the frequency deviation and standard deviation per each length were calculated. Results: Among the canals of premolar, 66.5% of canal length was marked under 20 mm by endodontic working length and 95.4% could be measured under 22 mm and Among the canals of molars, 95.5% of canal length was marked under 20 mm endodontic working length. Conclusions: With the result of measurement of endodontic working length of premolars of Korean, it suggested that 23 mm endodontic file is more proper than the 21 mm and 25 mm file on the market.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

During clinical endodontic treatment, we often find radiopaque filling material beyond the root apex. Accidental extrusion of calcium hydroxide could cause the injury of inferior alveolar nerve, such as paresthesia or continuous inflammatory response. This case report presents the extrusion of calcium hydroxide and treatment procedures including surgical intervention. A 48 yr old female patient experienced Calcipex II extrusion in to the inferior alveolar canal on left mandibular area during endodontic treatment. After completion of endodontic treatment on left mandibular first molar, surgical intervention was planned under general anesthesia. After cortical bone osteotomy and debridement, neuroma resection and neurorrhaphy was performed, and prognosis was observed. But no improvement in sensory nerve was seen following surgical intervention after 20 mon. A clinician should be aware of extrusion of intracanal medicaments and the possibility of damage on inferior alveolar canal. Injectable type of calcium hydroxide should be applied with care for preventing nerve injury. The alternative delivery method such as lentulo spiral was suggested on the posterior mandibular molar.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 2015

Although sodium hypochlorite is the most frequently used canal irrigant during endodontic treatment, its complications are not as well recognized as its effectiveness. This report demonstrates that sodium hypochlorite extrusion during endodontic treatment can cause severe complications. A 5-year-old boy experienced immediate pain and swelling, ecchymosis in surrounding tissues, and profuse bleeding from the root canal during endodontic treatment, because of accidental extrusion of sodium hypochlorite. The patient was hospitalized, and analgesics and antibiotics were prescribed. Accidental extrusion of the irrigating solution occurs more frequently in teeth with immature apices, root resorption, and apical perforations; therefore, caution is needed. When such complications occur, proper management and medications are needed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preferred method of root canal length determination and the apical limit for canal instrumentation among endodontic teachers of dental school. A questionnaire on the preferred method of root canal length determination and the apical limit for canal instrumentation was designed and distributed to endodontic teachers of various dental schools. The response rate was 90%. The most preferred method of root canal length determination was Electronic apex locator (EAL)(89%). The most favoured apical limit for canal instrumentation was 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex(78%). The most preferred method of using EAL was that the working length is taken at 'APEX' mark and then distracted 0.5mm from that length.(41%). When there is no agreement between radiographic measurement and EAL measurement, 74% of respondents chose the length of EAL measurement. The majority of endodontic teachers from Korean dental schools preferred EAL to radiograph method in determining root canal length.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.151-157
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• 1991

The roles of temporary sealing materials used in endodontics are impotant Especially, its marginal sealing properties affect endodontic success and failure in endodontic treatment The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the marginal sealing properties of various temporary restorative materials used in endodontic access cavity by using electrochemical method. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in extracted human molar teeth and filled with Caviton, IRM, zinc oxide - eugenol cement. Each specimen was immersed in 1 % solution of KCl, and applied a potential of 9 V external power supply. Marginal microleakage and water sorption were measured for marginal sealing effect evaluation in comparison with each group. A comparative study of the obtained results have led to the following conclusions. 1. The Caviton group showed lower marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group the 6 th day after. The IRM group showed lwoer marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement group from the 6 th day to the 12 th day. But there was no significant difference between zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group after the 13 th day. 2. As time went by, marginal microleakage value was increased in Caviton, IRM and zine oxide - eugenol cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Apical surgery cuts off the apical root and the crown-to-root ratio becomes unfavorable. Crown-to-root ratio has been applied to periodontally compromised teeth. Apical root resection is a different matter from periodontal bone loss. The purpose of this paper is to review the validity of crown-to-root ratio in the apically resected teeth. Most roots have conical shape and the root surface area of coronal part is wider than apical part of the same length. Therefore loss of alveolar bone support from apical resection is much less than its linear length.The maximum stress from mastication concentrates on the cervical area and the minimum stress was found on the apical 1/3 area. Therefore apical root resection is not so harmful as periodontal bone loss. Osteotomy for apical resection reduces longitudinal width of the buccal bone and increases the risk of endo-perio communication which leads to failure. Endodontic microsurgery is able to realize 0 degree or shallow bevel and precise length of root resection, and minimize the longitudinal width of osteotomy. The crown-to-root ratio is not valid in evaluating the prosthodontic prognosis of the apically resected teeth. Accurate execution of endodontic microsurgery to preserve the buccal bone is essential to avoid endo-perio communication.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate human dental pulp response to pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement. Materials and Methods: A total of nine erupted third molars were randomly assigned to each pulpotomy group. The same clinician performed full pulpotomies and coronal restorations. The patients were followed clinically for six months; the teeth were then extracted and prepared for histological assessments. The samples were blindly assessed by an independent observer for pulp vitality, pulp inflammation, and calcified bridge formation. Results: All patients were free of clinical signs/symptoms of pulpal/periradicular diseases during the follow up period. In CH group, one tooth had necrotic radicular pulp; other two teeth in this group had vital uninflamed pulps with complete dentinal bridge formation. In CEM cement and MTA groups all teeth had vital uninflamed radicular pulps. A complete dentinal bridge was formed beneath CEM cement and MTA in all roots. Odontoblast-like cells were present beneath CEM cement and MTA in all samples. Conclusions: This study revealed that CEM cement and MTA were reliable endodontic biomaterials in full pulpotomy treatment. In contrast, the human dental pulp response to CH might be unpredictable.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.17.1-17.7
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• 2018

Iatrogenic perforations negatively impact the outcome of endodontic treatments. Studies on prognostic factors showed that perforations in the coronal third of the root with periodontal pocket formation have an unfavorable prognosis. A 36-year-old female was referred for endodontic evaluation of tooth #13 with a history of an iatrogenic perforation, happened 3 years ago. There was a sinus tract associated with perforation, 10 mm probing on the mesial and mesio-palatal, bleeding on probing, radiolucent lesion adjacent to the perforation and complete resorption of the interdental bone between teeth #13 and #12. After the treatment options were discussed, she chose to save the tooth. The tooth was accessed under rubber dam isolation, the perforation site was cleaned and disinfected using 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and sealed with calcium-enriched mixture cement. Eighteen months after treatment the tooth was functional and asymptomatic. The probing depths were normal without bleeding on probing. Radiographically, the interdental crestal bone formed between teeth #13 and #12. Despite all negative prognostic factors in this case (i.e., perforations in the coronal third, pocket formation, and radiolucent lesion), healing was unexpectedly achieved via non-surgical repair of the perforation. Further research on biological aspects of healing in the periodontium following iatrogenic perforations are recommended.