• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

Present work aims to establish the countermeasure for the better maintenance and preservation of insular floristic diversity at the South Sea of Jeollanamdo Province, ROK, where unique ecosystems are under threat due to climate change, anthropogenic disturbance and habitat destruction. Numerous flora reports from 15 inhabited islands and 60 uninhabited islands as well as field survey data are collated for the compilation of floristic data base and island biogeographical analysis. Out of the 1,940 vascular plant species from 180 families occurring in studies areas, 30.1 percentage or 584 plant species are physiognomically belonging to arboreal plants. Average number of species at individual island is numbered about 222 species, but it varies from about 591 species at the inhabited islands to 129 species at the uninhabited islands. Only 0.15 percentage of species with high proportion above 0.9 in its relative occurrence rate occurs at 68 islands and it includes three species, such as Pinus thunbergii, Eurya japonica and Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum. However, about 68 percentage of plant species occurring in study area is confined their distribution to less than seven islands. Presence of high proportion of notable plants in small islands, i.e., 10 critically endangered species compared with 5.5 species in average, 9 endangered species (average 4.2 spp.) at Sonjookdo, and 7 critically endangered species, 8 endangered species at Sokomundo may due to existence of diverse geological and topographical environmental diversity as well as lower human population density and remoteness from the mainland. Since island is small in size and geographically isolated, minor environmental and ecological burdens can cause the critical damages to the diversity of flora and vegetation, urgent island biogeographical research is needed for the scientific conservation and management of island biodiversity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

This study is to establish the Incheon Metropolitan City Arboretum Development Plan (IMADP) as a capacity building both for plant diversity conservation and nature friendly leisure activity areas of Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The arboretum planning area is located within territory of the Incheon Grand Park Based on the IMADP, the arboretum was divided into three display spaces; the Urban Greening Garden, the Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden and the Theme Garden. Detailed planting guidelines were suggested according to the three garden areas. The Urban Greening Garden was designed to display the following three; the relevance techniques, the model, and the practical uses of plants that are regarded to an urban greening. The Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden (REPSG) was planned for the collection and display of the rare and endangered native plants in the territories of Incheon and the island seashore. Also, the REPSG includes the education purposes of comparing and displaying taxonomically related plant species. The Theme Garden was projected for the collection and display of plant species that have long been familiar to Korean culture and which are also used in our daily life.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

Present problems of the Korean rare and endangered plant species evaluations are discussed. It is proposed that the evaluation criteria for Korean rare and endangered are urgently needed in the future. The translation of new proposed criteria into Korean should be discussed in order to avoid confusion in the future. The draft of a new criteria system for rare and endangered plant species. prepared by the S. S. C. (Species Survival Commission) of I. U. C. N (International Union of Conservation of Nature) are introduced. The proposed draft for the criteria being developed by the S. S. C. of I. U. C. N. are Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, Critical, Endangered, Vulnerable, Susceptible, Safe /Low Risk, Insufficiently Known, and Not Evaluated. It is expected to take the more time to be technically developed further and also officially recognized by the I. U. C. N. for the practical use in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2022

Background: The Korean scarlet dwarf, Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae), is anendangered dragonfly with an increasing risk of extinction owing to rapid climate changes and human activities. To prevent extinction, the N. koreana population and their habitat should be protected. Therefore, suitable habitat evaluation is important to build the N. koreana restoration project. The habitat suitability index model (HSI) has been widely used for habitat evaluation in diverse organisms. Results: To build a suitable HSI model for N. koreana, 16 factors were examined by seven experienced researchers. A field survey for N. koreana observed sites and spatial analysis were conducted to improve the model. Five factors were finally selected by this procedure (crown density, open water surface, water depth, pioneer plant cover, and type of water source). Finally, the N. koreana HSI model was generated with the five adjusted factors based on interview, field survey, and spatial analysis. This model was validated by a current N. koreana habitat in 2021. With this model, 46 sites in Uljin-gun, Korea, were surveyed for N. koreana habitats; five sites were identified as core habitats and seven as potential core habitats. Conclusions: This model will serve as a strong foundation for the N. koreana restoration project and as a reference for future studies on N. koreana and other endangered insect populations. Further analysis and long-term data will improve the efficacy of this model and restore endangered wildlife.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2010

The Ryukyus Archipelago consists of about 200 nearly subtropical islands located between Japan proper and Taiwan. Previous studies have found the Ryukyus to be a region of high biodiversity with many endangered vascular plant taxa, but they are not comprehensive. Here, we discuss the phytogeographic features and circumstances of the endangered plant taxa, make suggestions for effective in situ conservation, and highlight endangered plants in the Ryukyus that require further study.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.131-133
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• 2023

Polyphylla laticollis manchurica Semenov, 1900, is a critically endangered species in the Republic of Korea and is strictly protected as a Class I endangered species. Although this beetle species faces a threat of extinction, its ecological understanding is limited. Previous studies conducted on this species in the Republic of Korea have focused only on its taxonomy and mitochondrial genome sequences. Herein, we report an observation of the mating of adults of P. l. manchurica in June 2021, during an ongoing study on Korean beetles. This incidence was reported around light sources from newly constructed townhouses near Geumgang River. Larval habitats were observed along the river between April 2022 and March 2023. Particularly, two larvae were found inside the plant debris, and three were found under the roots of reeds. This study provides key information on the mating ecology of P. l. manchurica that can assist conservation efforts of this critically endangered species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to provide basic guidelines for conservation and management of endangered plants in the national parks of Korea. Iris dichotoma Pall. (Iridaceae), which is a popular garden plant, is considered a second-class endangered species by Korean government and it is listed as a EN (Endangered) species in Red Data Book of Korea. We analyzed ecological conditions of I. dichotoma habitats based on vegetation properties and soil characteristics. This species which is known to inhabit in grassland adjacent to the ocean of lowlands slope and its population was located at an elevation of 8 m to 11 m. In the study sites, the mean of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and soil pH were 6.16%, 0.234% and 5.39 respectively. Additionally, the genetic variation and structure of three populations were assessed using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The genetic diversity of I. dichotoma (P = 59.46%, H = 0.206, S = 0.310) at the species level was relatively high. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 82.1% of the total genetic diversity was occurred in within populations and 17.9% variation among populations. Lastly, we developed predicted distribution model based on climate and topographic factors by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models). Consequently, current status of I. dichotoma habitats is limited with natural factors such as the increase of the coverage rate of the herbs due to ecological succession. Therefore, it is essential to establish in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for protecting natural habitats and to require exploring potential and alternative habitats for reintroduction.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 2018

Background: To understand the ecological characteristics of floating mat in which endangered species of Iris laevigata and Menyanthes trifoliata inhabit, we surveyed the vegetation and water environments of a floating mat wetland and examined the relations between ecological characteristics of the mat. Results: Although Phragmites australis and Zizania latifolia were found at all experimental quadrats (n = 61) as the major vegetational components of the floating mat wetland, they showed relatively poor growth performances in terms of shoot height (< 2 m) and biomass production (<$300g/m^2$) compared with those in soil-based wetlands because of oligotrophic water condition. The competitiveness and distribution of P. australis and Z. latifolia seemed to be determined by water level difference by micro-topography rather than water chemistry. Conclusion: P. australis and endangered plant species mainly occurred in the area of relatively shallow water, whereas Z. latifolia and deep-water species such as Scirpus fluviatilis mostly inhabit in the area of deep water on the floating mat. Continuously maintained water level and oligotrophic water condition in the floating mat appeared to be important environments for endangered species such as I. laevigata and M. trifoliata.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.423-426
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• 2020

Cypripedium japonicum is known to be the indigenous plant to Korea, Japan, and China. However, C. japonicum represents the most critically endangered plant species in South Korea. The plant is esthetically pleasing due to its flower, which is larger than any other orchidaceous species. Disease symptoms relating to gray mold were observed on C. japonicum in May 2019. The suspected pathogen was successfully isolated from the symptomatic leaf tissue and conducted a pure culture of the fungi. The conidia formed consisted of a colorless or light brown single cell, which was either egg or oval-shaped with a size of 7.1 to 13.4 × 5.2 to 8.6 ㎛. Molecular phylogenetic relationship analysis was also confirmed that the pathogen concerned belonging to the family of Botrytis cinerea. Therefore, the findings confirmed that the pathogen isolated from C. japonicum was consistent with the unique properties of B. cinerea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2008

The Specific Plant Species such as N degree (2 species) and V degree (5 species) which is categorized by the Ministry of Environment are appeared as 7 species. II degree species among Endangered species of wild flora is Abeliophyllum distichum, and the Rare and Endangered Species which is categorized by the Korea Forest Service are enlisted as the five taxa. The Bukhansan is one of the phytogeographic ally important areas among national parks of Korea because this region is located in the northern limit of Southern Plant Types, such as Carpinus laxiflora, Cornus kousa, Styrax japonica and Zanthoxylum piperitum. The flora of the area was enlisted as 638 taxa, 103 families, 362 genera, 541 species, 87 varieties, and 10 forms. Naturalized Species was identified as 58 taxa, 16 families, 52 genera, 54 species and 4 varieties. The Ratio of Naturalized and Urbanization Index was 9.09% and 20.21%, respectively.