• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2000

The effect of the treatment with CCFZ, FR-4, and PEG400 from butt end on the dimensional stability and bending properties was examined. Three softwood species such as red pine, Korean white pine and Japanese larch and three hardwood species such as poplar, alder and oak were investigated in this research. Shrinkage of red pine, Korean white pine, poplar, and alder treated with PEG400 decreased. However, there was no significant decrease of shrinkage in Japanese larch and oak. The decrease of shrinkage when moisture content changed from about 20% to 10% was larger than that at any other phase. In regard to the effect of treatment on bending properties, bending MOE and MOR of all specimens treated with PEG400 decreased significantly. Especially in the case of red pine, poplar, and alder treated with PEG400, bending MOR reduced 9%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Reductions of MOR of the hardwood was also much larger than that of the softwood. However, in all species, treatment with CCFZ and FR-4 did not affect the change of bending MOE and MOR significantly. Comparing the large specimen which also included heartwood with the small specimen which included only treated sapwood, there was a difference in the change of bending MOE and MOR between them. The large specimens of Korean white pine, alder and Poplar, which had a relatively low proportion of sapwood(18~22%), showed the decrease of MOR by 11~13% more than that of small specimens, while red pine, Japanese larch and oak, which had a relatively high proportion of sapwood(35~40%), showed little decrease. It means that bending MOE and MOR of structural wood treated from butt end should be considered in terms of sapwood proportion as well as effect of treated chemicals.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

폐자동차는 재활용 자원의 주요 원천이며 폐자동차 재활용 과정은 해체, 파쇄 및 ASR 처리 단계로 구분된다. 폐자동차 해체는 재사용 가능 부품을 수집하는 등 매우 중요한 단계인데, 크게 독립형(island type)과 라인형(line type) 으로 구분할 수 있고 다양한 유형의 해체 시스템이 존재한다. 또한 국가별 법적 규제, 폐자동차 발생량, 인구밀도, GNP 등 국가 별 특성이 다르기 때문에 특성에 맞는 적절한 해체 시스템을 체계적으로 선정하는 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 퍼지이론 및 변형 QFD를 활용하여 국가 특성에 대한 데이터 퍼지화 및 해체시스템 적합도를 평가하는 방법을 개발하였으며, 관련 데이터를 보유한 대표 국가에 대해 적용하고 결과를 평가하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2023

Liquid metal extraction (LME), a pyrometallurgical recycling method, is popular owing to its negligible environmental impact. LME mainly targets rare-earth permanent magnets having several rare-earth elements. Mg is used as a solvent metal for LME because of its selective and eminent reactivity with rare-earth elements in magnets. Several studies concerning the formation of Dy-Fe intermetallic compounds and their effects on LME using Mg exist. However, methods for reducing these compounds are unavailable. Fe reacts more strongly with B than with Dy; B addition can be a reducing method for Dy-Fe intermetallic compounds owing to the formation of Fe₂B, which takes Fe from Dy-Fe intermetallic compounds. The FeB alloy is an adequate additive for the decomposition of Fe₂B. To accomplish the former process, Mg must convey B to a permanent magnet during the decomposition of the FeB alloy. Here, the effect of Mg on the transfer of B from FeB to permanent magnet is observed through microstructural and phase analyses. Through microstructural and phase analysis, it is confirmed that FeB is converted to Fe₂B upon B transfer, owing to Mg. Finally, the transfer effect of Mg is confirmed, and the possibility of reducing Dy-Fe intermetallic compounds during LME is suggested.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-130
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• 1994

Software development of large scale program such as Operating System or University Total Information System is lengthy and costly process. In order to reduce cost, time and risk, there is currentry general acceptance of the need for Software Reuse System during the whole development cycles. In this paper, (from a practical point of view), the problem of existing reuse system methodology is analyzed and an implement method of software reuse system is presented. Also using this method Application Program Reuse System(APRS) which supports all phase of software life cycles is designed and implemented. This application program reuse system which is based on common language is considerably shown to reduce communication Error of requirement specification between systems analyst and end-user.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2004

The recycling cell formation problem means that disposal products are classified into recycling product families using group technology in their end-of-life phase. Disposal products have the uncertainties of product condition usage influences. Recycling cells are formed considering design, process and usage attributes. In this paper, a new approach for the design of cellular recycling system is proposed, which deals with the recycling cell formation and assignment of identical products concurrently. Fuzzy ART neural networks are applied to describe the condition of disposal product with the membership functions and to make recycling cell formation. The approach leads to cluster materials, components, and subassemblies for reuse or recycling and can evaluate the value at each cell of disposal products. Disposal refrigerators are shown as an example.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.111-123
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• 2000

The recycling cell formation problem means that disposal products are classified into recycling part families using group technology in their end of life phase. Disposal products have the uncertainties of product status by usage influences. Recycling cells are formed considering design, process and usage attributes. In this paper, a novel approach to the design of cellular recycling system is proposed, which deals with the recycling cell formation and assignment of identical products concurrently. Fuzzy clustering algorithm and Fuzzy-ART neural network are applied to describe the states of disposal product with the membership functions and to make recycling cell formation. This approach leads to recycling and reuse of the materials, components, and subassemblies and can evaluate the value at each cell of disposal products. Application examples are illustrated by disposal refrigerators, compared fuzzy clustering with Fuzzy-ART neural network performance in cell formation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.467-485
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• 2022

Supercooling storage refers to lowering the product temperature below its freezing point without phase transition and has the potential to extend shelf life. Nevertheless, supercooled objects are in a thermodynamically unstable state, and nucleation can occur spontaneously. To achieve supercooling storage, slow cooling and insulation are essential. Hence, a stepwise algorithm for the supercooling storage of pork loins was designed and validated in this study. Pork loins were stored at 3℃, -18℃, and -3℃ (freezing), and supercooled for 16 days. All samples remained in a supercooled state and were unfrozen at the end of storage. Supercooled pork loins were superior in terms of drip loss, cooking loss, and water-holding capacity compared to frozen samples. Additionally, supercooling treatment prevented discoloration, increase of volatile basic nitrogen, and microbial growth. Thus, supercooling of pork loin was achieved using a stepwise program and was effective to maintain meat quality.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1998

Pain is one of the most frequent and disturbing symptom of cancer patients. And almost of cancer patients are afraid of a attacks of pain related to cancer. Caring for the cancer patient can be divided into two phases. The phase of "active treatment" involves various interventions-surgical, chemical or radiological- that are designed to prolong the patient's life. "Terminal care" is the period from the end of active treatment until the patient's death. But in the majority of clinical settings, cancer pain is not being managed adequately results from a lack of education about how to treat the cancer pain management in the safest and most effective way during terminal phase. Althought organic factors represent the most important cause of their pain, it is also important to deal with the patient's psychological reactions and to take account of his or her social and family environment if treatment for chronic cancer pain is to prove adequate. Thus we try to evaluate a kinds of cancer related to pain, degree of pain, effectiveness of drugs, and patient's responses to management. In regard to the satisfaction for pain relief in pain clinics at Pusan National University Hospital(PNUH) are about 70% in patients and 90% in family. Average life expectancy in cancer patients are about 140 days (3 days- 5.7 years). Cancer patients are complained of several discomfortness (above 30 kinds) such as, pain associated with cancer (75%), nausea and vomitting (38%), sleeping disorder (38%), anorexia (38%), dyspnea (32%), constipation (31%), etc. Distributions of cancer associated with pain are stomach cancer (21%), lung cancer (16%), cervix cancer (10%), anorectal and colon cancer (8.6%), hepatoma (8%), pancreatic cancer (3%). About 1/3 of patients are suffer from incident pain in 3~5 times in a day especially in moving, coughing, and exercise. Methods for drug delivering system before death are transdermal fentanyl patch (42%), intravenous PCA (21%), oral intake of opioid (17%), epidural PCA (14%), etc.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinematic characteristics of $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ hurdle clearances during the final of the 110-m hurdles at the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011. To this end, the hurdling motions of the top 4 ranked male hurdlers in the competition were analyzed. A total of 12 cameras were used to record their motions, with a sampling frequency of 120 Hz. The cameras were calibrated using $11{\times}2{\times}1\;m$ control objects that covered all of the lanes (1st~8th lanes). After analyzing all the data, we arrived at the following results. In the take-off phase, all athletes revealed similar take-off times (CT), and similar distances from the take-off to hurdleto (L1) and hurdle to landing (L2). In particular, Turner, ranked $3^{rd}$, had an inconsistent L2 and may need further training to correct it. In the flight phase, Richardson, ranked $1^{st}$, showed the longest flight distance, whereas Xiang, who was ranked $2^{nd}$, showed the highest CG height from the hurdle. For the step patterns, to increase the pitch frequency, Richardson and Xiang used shorter 3-step lengths than Turner and Oliver.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.155-178
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• 2020

최근 오픈 사이언스 등 연구 환경이 변화함에 따라 대학도서관에서 수행하는 연구지원서비스의 영역도 넓어지고 있다. 특히 해외를 중심으로 연구 수명주기에 대한 명확한 이해를 통해 이에 맞는 대학도서관의 연구지원서비스 개발의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 대학도서관이 연구 수명주기의 모든 단계를 체계적으로 지원할 수 있는 연구지원서비스를 개발할 때 참고할 수 있는 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구 분석을 통해 연구 수명주기를 '계획', '프로젝트', '출판', '보존', '배포'의 다섯 단계로 구분하고 각 단계에서 제공하고 있는 연구지원서비스를 미국과 국내 대학도서관 사례를 중심으로 조사하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 사례에서 얻은 시사점을 바탕으로 국내 대학도서관이 연구 수명주기의 각 단계를 체계적으로 지원할 수 있는 서비스 방안을 제안하였다.