• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.208-219
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• 2012

As the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) has kept increasing, the management of ELV has also become one of the academic research focuses and European Union recently adopted the directive on ELVs. For the stakeholders has become a principle agent of dealing with all about ELVs, it is relevant investment decision to set up and to decide high-cost ELVs entity locations and to forecast future ELVs' amount in advance. In this paper, transition probability matrixes between months are made by using Markov Chain and the number of ELVs is predicted with them. This study will perform a great role as a fundamental material in Korea where just started having interests about recycling resources and studies related to the topic. Moreover, the forecasting method developed for this research can be adopted for other enhancements in different but comparable situations.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

In Korea, the Vehicle Dismantler and Recycler industry is supervised by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Automobile Management Act. Also, Korean Automotive recycling businesses are supervised by the Minister of Environment under the Resource Recirculation Act. The main concern of the Minister of Environment is how the wastes from Dismantled vehicles will be environmentally removed, stored, treated, recycled or disposed. In 2000, the European Union (EU) adopted the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) which required Members to ensure the collection, treatment and recovery of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). The Directive, the most tightly regulated and precautionary legal systems, required that the last owner of a vehicle could drop off the ELV at an authorized treatment facility and that the producers of the ELV should pay the cost of the program. The adoption of the ELVs directive has led the development of Automotive Dismantler and Recycler networks to reuse, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle and recover parts and materials embedded in ELVs. Also, the ELVs directive which has had an insignificant impact on Korean manufacturers has strong presence in the European market and has been successfully externalized on them. The Korean manufacturers not only achieve the 85% recycling target set by the ELVs directive but also meet the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) which requires manufacturers to contribute dismantling process. In order to improve the Korean vehicle dismantling and recycling system, the Automobile Management Act and the Resource Recirculation Act should be harmonized. Particularly the roles of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Minister of Environment should be sharply divided. Like Japan, the ELV management needs to be highly centralized, regulated, and controlled by the ministry specialized in Vehicle, namely the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the sub organizations. Like EU Members, recovery, reuse, and recycling must be distinguished. Recovery is defined as the final productive use of the parts and materials embedded in ELVs, which includes reuse and remanufacture of parts and recycling of the other materials. Dismantling process and reuse and remanufacture of parts must be governed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. For environmental recycling or disposal of waste materials, such as CFCs, glass and plastic material, and toxic substances, governmental financial support system should be in place.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2009

Number of vehicles in Korea is gradually increasing and it exceeded 16 million in 2007. Holding of vehicles is connected to disposal, owing to this reason the importance of ELVs recycling has been emphasized. The recycling of ELVs makes the disposal of ELVs easier as well as protects environment and it has the alternative effect economizing the insufficient resource. This study was carried out to evaluate the economic effect of recycling of ELVs compared with disposal of ELVs. The analysis showed that recycling process makes a profit in comparison to the disposal of ELVs. Therefore the government has to consider establishing the regulation related to recycling of ELVs or materials and car manufactures have to develop the efficient dismantling and recycling methods.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.6-15
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• 2005

The overall area of Taiwan is 36,006 km$^2$ and population was about 22,535,000 persons in 2003. The population density became 625persons/km$^2$. The economic of Taiwan progress since 1970. Gross national production in 2004 increased by 2.3 trillion or 493% relative to 1981. The number of automobiles in 1981 was 821,862, and increase to 6,389,186 in 2004. The number of motorcycles in 1981 were 4,591,547 and increase to 12,793,950 in 2004. The vehicle growth rate of automobile and motorcycle was 677% and 178% respectively. The recycling end-of-life vehicles(ELVs) is specified in the Waste Disposal Act. Its main content is the system of asking the vehicle manufacturer and importing agents, who are responsible for recycling of the ELVs. The recycling task on ELVs was startedinitially in 1993. It is required that the manufacturers and importing agents deposit certain ratios of Waste Vehicle Disposal Fees proportional to the number of vehicle they manufacture and import into Taiwan under sales. This report will introduce the current status of ELVs recycling in Taiwan, and the future direction, as well as measures proceeding for the EPA- Fund Management Committee(RMFC) operating in the fiture.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.58-68
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• 2014

The statistics showed that about 1 billion automobiles were registered and about 40million ELVs occurred on the world in 2010. So all advanced countries including EU had plan to increase the ELVs recycling rate up to 95% of total by 2015. The Korean government also established a target for raising up to 95% of ELVs recycling rate according to 'Act on the Resource Circulation of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles'. Before being satisfied with the requirement of recycling of ELVs however, the problem is issued on the scraps of plastic and non-ferrous metals which are now being abandoned and reclaimed with no adequate reuse. Therefore, as a part of preceding investigation on the present state of ELVs recycling in the world, this preliminary investigation study was carried out focusing on the state of EU's disposal and management regulations of ELVs and SLF/ASR including the world trend of disposal and management regulations of ELVs and SLF/ASR.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2005

Global automobile manufacturers have made a lot of efforts to comply European Union (EU) end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) Directive. Hyundai and Kia have also made a lot of studies to eco-friendly treat our ELVs. Some results of studies have already reflected on our models to produce eco-friendly vehicles. This paper introduces our status of the recycle technology and our measures to respond to EU ELVs Directive.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1729-1734
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• 2009

About 40 million automotive vehicles all over the world and 0.55 million in Korea were retired from use annually. Every nation is desperate to decrease environmental pollution by ELVs(End of Life Vehicles) and try to tighten the regulations. Europe passed laws requiring OEMs to increase vehicles' recovery and reuse rate to 95% by 2015 from current 84%. The ferrous parts, 75% of total automobile weight, are almost recycled whereas the remaining 25% of the non-metal -predominantly plastics as well as form, glass and rubber- and the non-ferrous materials -copper, nickel and aluminium- end up in landfills. The recycling status of non-ferrous materials represented by copper and nickel is reviewed and how much the recycling rate will be improved is calculated.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.16-36
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• 2005

The quantity of passenger cars in industrial countries has been significantly increased in recent years. According to prognoses, this tendency is likely to continue in the forthcoming future. As a direct consequence, an increase of End-of Life-Vehicles (ELV) will confront us with the problem of "ELV-Recycling". In order to cope with this situation, the European regulation for the treatment of End-of-Life-Vehicles (09/2000) has been transferred to national law in Germany (ELV-Regulation from 1 July 2002). The long term aim is to reduce residues from the ELV-treatment to less than 5 wt% from 30 wt% within the next 10 years (2015). For that reason, there is a need for innovative and more efficient recycling techniques tailored to future materials in automobiles. The design process at automotive industry is continuously changing due to the strong demand on optional equipment and new technical solutions for fuel saving. Light materials, such as aluminum and plastics, consequently become more important and cause a decrease of ferrous metals. Since plastic materials are often used as compounds, a separation into initial material types by means of mechanical recycling methods is not possible. For that reason, efficient recycling can only be realized by introducing recycling-friendly car designs. In the end an integrated approach of auto makers and recycling industry is of decisive significance for the fulfillment of future regulations.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

A study on the air and gravity separation has been performed for the removal of chlorine containing materials from ASR of end-of-life vehicles. The gravity separation was also conducted on waste plastics collected from ASR. In this work, ASR were previously shredded to pass through 8 mm sieve prior to separation tests and the gravity separation of waste plastics was conducted for three different particle sizes. The two-stage air classification was conducted with the range of air flow rate of 9~20 M$^3$/hr at first stage and 25~34 M$^3$/hr at second stage, respectively. The fraction of overflow product was remarkably increased in the 2nd stage air classification because of high air flow rate while that of underflow product obtained from 1st stage air classification was found to be 62~66%. From the results of gravity separation on waste plastics, it was also found that the amount of the float product was much greater than sink product. It is believed that the gravity separation may be used very efficiently for the removal of calorine bearing materials from waste plastics.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-23
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• 2018

The need for remanufacturing automotive parts is required due to the depletion of resources, rising raw material prices and strengthening environmental regulations. For remanufacturing, stable supply and demand of core must be accompanied. At present, remanufacturing companies collect cores through various routes, but the recovery rate of cores from the End-of-Life Vehicles is low. If we can systematically collect cores from hundreds of thousands of ELVs that were generated each year, the recovery rate of the core for remanufacturing will be further improved. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to establish a classification system for the ELV as a method for collecting the cores from the ELV. First, we selected the elements affecting the classification and determined the scope for the evaluation. The final rating classification is established by calculating the weights among the influence elements. Finally, through the case study, the dismantling grade of the actual ELV was evaluated to derive the second grade.