• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 1998

The present study was performed to observe characteristics of the lifE history of Echinoparvphium recunpatum under both natural and laboratory conditions in Korea. A batch of Rcnix aunculnria corecna was collected from Sunamchon, one of the stream of West Naktonggang (River), in Kangso-gu, Pusan during August and September 1992. Out of 106 snails examined by crushing,52 (49.0%) were infected with larval E. recurvaum i.e. rediae, cercariae and metacercariae. Cercariae naturally shed from snails encysted in the snails of same species and loaches, but not in mud-snails. Adult worms were detected from chicks and ducks experimentally infected with metacercariae, but not from rats and mice. The average recovery rate of adults from chicks was 13.1%. Rediae were sac-like, $2.437{\;}{\times}{\;}0.317{\;}mm$ in average size, with a muscular pharynx and a brownish cecum which reached the anterior half of the body. Cercariae consisted of a spindle-shaped body ($0.262{\;}{\times}{\;}0.129{\;}mm$ in average) and a rod-like tail ($0.528{\;}{\times}{\;}0.056{\;}mm$ in average). In the cercarial body, 45 collar spines were observed on the head crown, and double rows of excretory ducts with fine granules were laterally arranged between the pharynnx and the ventral sucker. Metacercariae were spherical, $0.144{\;}{\times}{\;}0.142{\;}mm in average size, with thick hyaline outer and thin elastic inner walls, and many excretory granules. Adults were slender and more attenuated in the anterior end, $0.2760{\;}{\times}{\;}0.550{\;}mm$ in average size, and had 45 collar spines including four end group spines on both ventral corners. From the above results, it was confirmed that R. auriculnna corennc plays a pivotal role in the life cycle of 5. recuwatum as the first and/or second intermediate hosts in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.328-335
• /
• 2015

BACKGROUND: The present investigation was aimed to predict the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) of the fluopicolide and metrafenone on cherry tomato and to estimate their half-life and characteristics of the residues.METHODS AND RESULTS: Pesticides were treated once on cherry tomato in field 1 and 2 under the standard application rate. The samples were collected 7 times at the end of 0(2 hours after pesticides spaying), 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days before harvest. Residues of fluopicolide and metrafenone were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. In this study, the method limit of quantification (MLOQ) for both fluopicolide and metrafenone in cherry tomato was found to be 0.005 mg kg-1. Their recovery levels were 92.7∼94.8% and 82.6∼88.0%, shown with coefficient of variation of less than 10%. Half-life of fluopicolide and metrafenone in field 1 and 2 were found to be 15.0 days and 12.8 days, 18.9 days and 21.5 days, respectively.CONCLUSION: Based on the results, this study shows the level of PHRL on cherry tomato is 0.27 mg/kg for fluopicolide and 2.29 mg/kg for metrafenone at 10 days before harvesting. The present study indicates the residues of both pesticides on cherry tomato will be below maximum residue limit (MRL) at harvest.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.128-140
• /
• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. This study tried to find the efficient nursing intervention method to maintain and promote their health, to cope with health problem, and to inquire into the loss experience of women with hysterectomy by using the phenomenological method. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The result of the study was as follows : The factors which have influence on the loss experience of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. The loss experience of matrix was expressed in lingual, reactions to the loss of function, sex, body change and husband, in behavioral behaviors in emotion and body. The loss of matrix of the subjects was relived by religion. perineorrhapy, exercise, reading, watching video and diet. The subjects each showed ways of reaction of fatalism, giving-up, coping on the loss experience of matrix. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life. though women with hysterectomy undergo various loss experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the loss experience, to be a good supporter, And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.180-191
• /
• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. The nursing for women with hysterectomy is limited to medical treatment and the nursing related to troubles in psychology, emotion they experience in general situation due to operations is hardly realized. New basis for nursing can be realized when we both have relation with lived human experience related th health and become to be a part of it. We need to catch their experience due to the loss of matrix to understand women with hysterectomy. The subjects of the study were nine patients who were admitted to a gynecological ward of a hospital in Seoul, suffering from vaginal bleeding, back pain, abdominal pain and so on and diagnosing as non-cancer. The data were collected from April to May 1997 by listening to the subjects' expression of their experience and by participant observation of the subjects' reactions. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects, to prevent the loss of spoken information. The result of the study was as follows : The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psych-emotional, physical, personal interaction, financial burden and maternal role burden. The factors which have influence on the burden of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life, though women with hysterectomy undergo various burden experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the burden experience, to be a good supporter. And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.346-352
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to obtain the correlation between the plant surface spray adhesion amount of pesticides and the pest control effect. The linearity of the standard curves of dinotefuran and thiodicarb was $R^2=0.9999$, and recovery was between 70% to 120% which was satisfactory for insecticide residue analyses. The pest control effect was evaluated by assessing the number of apple leafminers (Phyllonorycter ringoniella, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera) captured by sex pheromone traps from late June to late September in 2015. For the adhesion amount, dinotefuran recovered from trap A and B, respectively were $47{\mu}g/50cm^2$ and $23{\mu}g/50cm^2$, which can be characterized as a very low adhesion amount in comparison to the average adhesion amount of $81{\mu}g/50cm^2$ in the field. In case of thiodicarb, $691{\mu}g/50cm^2$ and $71{\mu}g/50cm^2$ were recovered from trap A and B, respectively, and the average amount in the field is $325{\mu}g/50cm^2$. These results showed close correlation with the insect population captured by trap A and B. The numbers of insects captured by trap A and B between the end of July and late August were similar. After spraying thiodicarb on August 28, the number of apple leafminers captured by trap B is bigger than that of trap A. It appears that pest occurrence tended to be high at low adhesion amounts of the active ingredient. Therefore, in order to obtain an optimal control effect, it is suggested that uniform application of insecticides is critical instead of relying on the amount of insecticide applied in the field.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.7 s.80
• /
• pp.1174-1180
• /
• 2006

The present study was sought to clarify whether the combination of mental activity with subway noise affects hematological variables. Fifty-six healthy volunteers participated in this experiment and underwent a stress task consisting of combination_of mental activity (mental arithmetic) with subway noise for 50 min and 60min of recovery after the end of the stress task. Venous blood samples were collected for measuring CBC, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen concentration, D-dimer and high sensitive C-reactive protein (H-CRP) levels before (baseline), 50min of stress task (S-50m), and 60 min of recovery (R-60m). Total leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts significantly increased at R-60m compared with baselines. RBC count at S-50m was higher, while monocyte counts at S-50m and R-60m were lower than those of baselines. aPTTs shortened at S-50m and R-60m, but PT reduced at R-60m as compared with baselines. D-dimer and H-CRP levels at S-50m and R-60m were significantly higher than those of baselines. These findings imply that a combination of mental activity with subway noise nay cause leukocytosis, homo-concentration, shortened PT and aPTT, decreased ESR, and raised D-dimer and H-CRP levels, suggesting possible development of inflammation and prothrombogenic reaction attributable to a subway environment.

• Journal of Platform Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2021

In a smart manufacturing environment, more and more devices are connected to the Internet so that a large volume of data can be obtained during all phases of the product life cycle. The large-scale industries, companies and organizations that have more operational units scattered among the various geographical locations face a huge resource consumption because of their unorganized structure of sharing resources among themselves that directly affects the supply chain of the corresponding concerns. Cloud-based smart manufacturing paradigm facilitates a new variety of applications and services to analyze a large volume of data and enable large-scale manufacturing collaboration. The manufacturing units include machinery that may be situated in different geological areas and process instances that are executed from different machinery data should be constantly managed by the super admin to coordinate the manufacturing process in the large-scale industries these environments make the manufacturing process a tedious work to maintain the efficiency of the production unit. The data from all these instances should be monitored to maintain the integrity of the manufacturing service system, all these data are computed in the cloud environment which leads to the latency in the performance of the smart manufacturing service system. Instead, validating data from the external device, we propose to validate the data at the front-end of each device. The validation process can be automated by script validation and then the processed data will be sent to the cloud processing and storing unit. Along with the end-device data validation we will implement the APM(Asset Performance Management) to enhance the productive functionality of the manufacturers. The manufacturing service system will be chunked into modules based on the functionalities of the machines and process instances corresponding to the time schedules of the respective machines. On breaking the whole system into chunks of modules and further divisions as required we can reduce the data loss or data mismatch due to the processing of data from the instances that may be down for maintenance or malfunction ties of the machinery. This will help the admin to trace the individual domains of the smart manufacturing service system that needs attention for error recovery among the various process instances from different machines that operate on the various conditions. This helps in reducing the latency, which in turn increases the efficiency of the whole system

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.625-632
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise training on nitric oxide (NO) levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) in college students. 5 subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental groups; an aerobic training group (ATG) and a resistance training group (RTG). In aerobic training, based on measured maximum oxygen consumption rate, 70% exercise intensity was applied and conducted for 60 min. In resistance training, 70% of 1-RM was performed for 90 min. Blood sampling was conducted 3 times during resting state, post-exercise, and after 30 minutes of recovery. The results are as followed. For the post training values of $VO_2max$, % body fat and MAP, there were significant differences in the ATG compared to pre training (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in the RTG between pre and post training. NO increased post training, during rest and at the end of exercise compared to pre training in the ATG (p<0.05). Also, the HR decreased in post training at the end of exercise (p<0.05), however, there were no significant differences in SBP and DBP between pre and post training in the ATG. The HR, SBP and DBP did not change at all in post training compared to pre training in the RTG. In conclusion, an increase in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration and $VO_2max$, decrease of body fat% and physiological variables (HR, BP, MAP) were shown to be more effective in aerobic training (AT) than resistance training (RT).

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.42 no.9
• /
• pp.672-685
• /
• 2019

Currently, liver transplantation is the only available remedy for patients with end-stage liver disease. Conservation of transplanted liver graft is the most important issue as it directly related to patient survival. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) protects cells against oxidative stress and cell death by inactivating cellular membrane-derived lipid aldehydes. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during living-donor liver transplantation is known to form reactive oxygen species. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether CBR1 transcription might be increased during liver I/R injury and whether such increase might protect liver against I/R injury. Our results revealed that transcription factor Nrf2 could induce CBR1 transcription in liver of mice during I/R. Pre-treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2, increased CBR1 expression, decreased liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase, and reduced I/R-related pathological changes. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery model of human normal liver cell line, it was found that oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lowered in cells overexpressing CBR1. Conversely, CBR1 knockdown cells expressed elevated levels of oxidative stress proteins compared to the parental cell line. We also observed that Nrf2 and CBR1 were overexpressed during liver transplantation in clinical samples. These results suggest that CBR1 expression during liver I/R injury is regulated by transcription factor Nrf2. In addition, CBR1 can reduce free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. Taken together, CBR1 induction might be a therapeutic strategy for relieving liver I/R injury during liver transplantation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2008

This study is concerned with the process of development and architectural characteristics of secular stained glass in the 20th century. Stained glass had been architectural art from the origin. But it had declined since the Renaissance era, and began to revive in the early 20th century. Stained glass work is very flourish in Korea today, but it is still treated as simple decoration or 2-dimensional mosaic. Architect and interior designer even have little understanding of architectural character of stained glass. In order to recover the architectural nature of stained glass, I have considered the process of development of secular stained glass in the 20th century, and analysed the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, the postwar German artists, Georg Meistermann, Ludwig Schaffrath, Johannes Schreiter, and English artist, Brian Clarke. Major findings of the study are as followings : First, stained glass has come to life again from the secular glass painting decoration in the end of the 19th century, through Art-Nouveau, De Stil, Bauhaus in the beginning of the 20th century, and L'Art $Sacr\acute{e}$. Second, Frank Lloyd Wright, the postwar German artists and Brian Clarke have established the architectural concept and potentiality of the modem stained glass in the secular field. Third, They have done by coming back to the basic creative method by traditional lead-came technique in spite of the development of various materials and techniques. Forth, stained glass fundamentally has architectural characteristics as the characters of Space, Time, Place, Context, and they have showed the new possibility of stained glass by recovery of these characters.