• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2009

본 연구는 플라즈마 암 파쇄공법의 단발형태에 따른 시공성 향상을 위해 플라즈마 전력충격기에 5단계의 지발시차를 적용하여, 1단계부터 5단계까지 단계별로 지발당전해질량을 1kg, 2kg, 3kg, 4kg, 5kg으로 변화시키고, 기폭에 따른 지발시차와 진동및 소음의 크기를 측정 분석하였다. 분석결과, 5단계의 전력충격파암기의 지발시차는 전해질 연결개수 1~3공은 약 40~50ms, 4~5공은 약 70~80ms, 진동의 크기는 에멀젼 폭약에 비해 약 3~6배 정도 낮은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2018

Background: Explosive puffing can induce changes in the chemical, nutritional, and sensory quality of red ginseng. The antioxidant properties of ethanolic extracts of red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were determined in bulk oil and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Methods: Bulk oils were heated at $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ and O/W emulsions were treated under riboflavin photosensitization. In vitro antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhudrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content, were also performed. Results: The total ginsenoside contents of ethanolic extract from red ginseng and puffed red ginseng were 42.33 mg/g and 49.22 mg/g, respectively. All results from above in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that extracts of puffed red ginseng had significantly higher antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng (p < 0.05). Generally, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng had high antioxidant properties in riboflavin photosensitized O/W emulsions. However, in bulk oil systems, extracts of puffed red and red ginseng inhibited or accelerated rates of lipid oxidation, depending on treatment temperature and the type of assay used. Conclusion: Although ethanolic extracts of puffed red ginseng showed stronger antioxidant capacities than those of red ginseng when in vitro assays were used, more pro-oxidant properties were observed in bulk oils and O/W emulsions.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.5-27
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• 1995

본 논문은 '95년 10월 27일 경주 Kolon Hotel에서 제25차 한일 기술사 공동 Symposium에서 발표된 내용이다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2017

This study investigates the blast resistance of fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC) panels, with fiber volume fractions of 2%, subjected to contact explosions using an emulsion explosive. A number of FRCC panels with five different fiber mixtures (i.e., micro polyvinyl alcohol fiber, micro polyethylene fiber, macro hooked-end steel fiber, micro polyvinyl alcohol fiber with macro hooked-end steel fiber, and micro polyethylene fiber with macro hooked-end steel fiber) were fabricated and tested. In addition, the blast resistance of plain panels (i.e., non-fiber-reinforced high strength concrete, and non-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites) were examined for comparison with those of the FRCC panels. The resistance of the panels to spall failure improved with the addition of micro synthetic fibers and/or macro hooked-end steel fibers as compared to those of the plain panels. The fracture energy of the FRCC panels was significantly higher than that of the plain panels, which reduced the local damage experienced by the FRCCs. The cracks on the back side of the micro synthetic fiber-reinforced panel due to contact explosions were greatly controlled compared to the macro hooked-end steel fiber-reinforced panel. However, the blast resistance of the macro hooked-end steel fiber-reinforced panel was improved by hybrid with micro synthetic fibers.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2021

트라우즐 연주시험은 화약의 발파성능을 검증하기 위해서 널리 사용되는 시험방법 중 하나이다. 위력이 검증된 폭약을 연주블록의 발파공에 장약 및 전색하여 폭발시킨 후 발파공의 체적변화를 통해 화약의 위력 또는 전색효과 등을 측정하는 방법이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 발파 시 전색물에 따른 전색효과를 서로 비교하기 위하여 트라우즐 연주시험 및 3차원 고속카메라를 이용한 이미지영상상관기법을 도입하여 발파실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 폭약은 산업용 에멀젼 폭약을 적용하였고, 전색재료는 모래 및 잔골재를 사용하였다. 트라우즐 연주시험 및 수치해석을 통한 비교에서 표준사보다 잔골재 전색의 경우가 연주블록의 확장이 크게 나타났으며, 3D-DIC 시스템에서도 잔골재 전색의 경우가 모래전색보다 직경변화와 표면변형률 모두 높은 수치를 보였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

발파 시 자유면의 이동은 대상암반의 역학적 특성 및 발파조건, 특히 암반의 불연속면 특성과 폭약의 종류, 장약량, 저항선, 공간격, 공간 또는 열간 기폭시차 및 전색상태 등 여러 가지 변수들에 의해 달라지며, 이는 발파진동의 크기, 폭음 및 파쇄도에 커다란 영향을 미친다. 현재 국내 노천발파 현장의 발파설계는 대부분 인접 보안물건에 대한 안전성을 최우선으로 하고 있으나 대규모 발파가 이루어지는 노천현장에서는 발파 시 자유면의 이동을 분석하여 진동을 제어하고 파쇄도를 향상시키기 위한 최적 조건의 발파 설계를 하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 고속 디지털 동영상 분석을 통하여 발파 후 최초 자유면 암반의 움직임, 전색의 적정성, 발파암의 이동 궤적, 발파암의 이동방향과 속도, 최적의 기폭시스템 분석이 가능하다. 외국에서는 이와 같은 방법이 발파설계 및 평가를 위한 유용한 도구로 활용되고 있으나 국내에서는 그 연구가 미미하다. 따라서 본 연구는 디지털 고속 동영상 분석에 의한 최적 발파설계 및 평가에 대한 기초적인 연구를 수행하였다. 셰일과 화강암으로 구성된 대규모 노천 발파현장 2개소에서 Emulsion과 ANFO 두 종류 폭약에 대한 암반 파쇄과정을 촬영한 디지털 고속동영상을 분석하여 자유면 암반의 변위, 이동속도 등을 분석하고 2차원 유한요소 해석 프로그램인 AUTODYN을 사용하여 폭약의 폭굉압력, 폭굉 전달시간, 발파 후 최초로 암반에 변위가 발생되는 반응시간, 발파 후 자유면 암반의 이동형상에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 및 디지털 고속 동영상을 분석한 결과, 암반의 종류에 관계없이 발파공 전면 자유면 암반의 이동형상은 주상 장약부의 중간 부근에서 변위 및 이동속도가 가장 크게 발생되어 가운데 부분이 활처럼 휘어진 형상을 나타내었다. 폭약의 폭굉압력, 폭굉 전달시간, 발파 후 최초로 자유면 암반에 변위가 발생되는 반응시간의 경우 Emulsion 폭약이 ANFO보다 폭굉압력 및 폭속이 크고 초기 변위 반응시간이 빠르게 진행되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-16
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• 1990

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill $\varphi{70mm}$ on the calcalious sand stone(sort-moderate-semi hard Rock). The total numbers of feet blast were 88. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration $V=K(\frac{D}{W^b})^n$ where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites (m) W : Maximum Charge per delay-period of eighit milliseconds or more(Kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on th Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity $D/W^b$ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three graups. Cabic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge per delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over loom distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m----under l00m----- $V=41(D/3\sqrt{W})^{-1.41}$ -----A Over l00m-----$V= 121(D/3\sqrt{W})^{-1.66}$-----B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understang about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 기술사
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M/S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill ø70mm on the calcalious sand stone (soft-moderate-semi hard Rock). The total numbers of fire blast were 88 round. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows. Propagation Law in Blasting Vibration (Equation omitted) where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W : Maximum Charge per delay-period of eighit milliseconds o. more(kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity D / W$^n$ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three graups. Cubic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge per delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over 100m distance because the frequency is verified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30 ‥‥‥under 100m ‥‥‥V=41(D/$^3$√W)$\^$-1.41/ ‥‥‥A Over 100 ‥‥‥‥under 100m ‥‥‥V=121(D/$^3$√W)$\^$-1.56/ ‥‥‥B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understang about the effect of explosives, Rock strength. And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1991

The cautious blasting works had been used with emulsion explosion electric M /S delay caps. Drill depth was from 3m to 6m with Crawler Drill 70mm on the calcalious sand stone (soft-moderate-semi hard Rock) . The total numbers of feet blast were 88. Scale distance were induces 15.52-60.32. It was applied to Propagation Law in blasting vibration as follows .Propagtion Law in Blasting Vibration V=k(D/W/sup b/)/sup n/ where V : Peak partical velocity(cm/sec) D : Distance between explosion and recording sites(m) W ; Maximum Charge per delay -period of eight milliseconds or more(Kg) K : Ground transmission constant, empirically determind on the Rocks, Explosive and drilling pattern ets. b : Charge exponents n : Reduced exponents Where the quantity D/W/sup b/ is known as the Scale distance. Above equation is worked by the U.S Bureau of Mines to determine peak particle velocity. The propagation Law can be catagrorized in three groups. Cabic root Scaling charge per delay Square root Scaling of charge per delay Site-specific Scaling of charge delay Charge and reduction exponents carried out by multiple regressional analysis. It's divided into under loom and over loom distance because the frequency is varified by the distance from blast site. Empirical equation of cautious blasting vibration is as follows. Over 30m--under 100m----V=41(D/ W)/sup -1.41/-----A Over l00m---------V=121(D/ W)/sup -1.56/-----B K value on the above equation has to be more specified for furthur understand about the effect of explosives. Rock strength, And Drilling pattern on the vibration levels, it is necessary to carry out more tests.

• IUGG한국위원회:학술대회논문집
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• IUGG한국위원회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.15-15
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• 2003

The first crustal refraction survey in the Korean Peninsula was carried out over the survey line connecting Seosan-Yeongdong-Kyeongiu on Dec. 15, 2002. The total length of the survey line was about 300 Km and 198 portable seismometers were deployed with approximately 1.5-km interval. The survey line itself was geologically important since it was almost normal to the so-called Sino-Korean structural trend. Two shots, one at Seosan (west end point) and the other at Yeongdong (mid-point), were exploded. They were 100-m deep drill well explosions. The Seosan shot consisted of a ton emulsion type explosive, while Youngdong consisted of 500 kg one. Both shots generated signals with good S/N ratios to the farthest receivers. Seismic signals were recorded by 195 receivers out of 198 ones. Although the originally planned Kyeongju shot (east end point) could not be exploded due to public discontent, the experiment was evaluated very successful. First breaks in all recorded traces were picked up and two preliminary analyses were carried out. The one is conventional flat layer analysis and the other was refraction tomographic analysis. The one resulted in average 32-km thick two-layer crust and the underlying mantle with 8.05-km/s P-velocity. The top crust layer with 3.86 kw/s P-velocity was 2.5-km thick and the lower crust layer with 6.0l km/s P-velocity was 29.5-km thick. The other resulted in a velocity cross-section. The confidence level of the velocity cross-section could not be evaluated at this time because only two shot were exploded. Detailed analyses such as surface wave dispersion are on going. Continuing crustal scale refraction surveys are planned in Korea.