• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2021

Changes in gluten surface hydrophobicity, which play an important role in the functional characteristics of protein, were measured according to various protein concentrations, pH levels, electrolytes concentrations, and alginate molecular weights using 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) as a fluorescent probe. Gluten surface hydrophobicity decreased as gluten concentration increased, reaching a maximum pH of 7.0. The effects of alginate molecular weights and alginate concentration on the surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity index (EAI), and emulsion stability index (ESI) of gluten-sodium alginate dispersion (GAD) were measured. Gluten surface hydrophobicity rapidly increased the asl NaCl concentration of gluten solution up to 300 mM and showed no significant increase above 300 mM. However, gluten surface hydrophobicity notably decreased until the concentration of CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ reached 30 mM, indicating no significant variations above 30 mM. GAD surface hydrophobicity increased as the concentration and molecular weight of sodium alginate increased, however, gluten concentration increased as the GAD surface hydrophobicity decreased. The EAI and ESI of GAD increased as both molecular weight and concentration of sodium alginate increased.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.727-730
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• 2011

The effects of various NaCl levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 M) and pH values (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5) on the emulsifying and gelling properties of pork myofibrillar protein (MP) were assessed. The emulsion stability index (ESI), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and creaming index were measured at a 1:20 ratio of MP to corn oil. The EAI and ESI of pork MP showed maximum values at pHs 6.0 and 6.5 and at 0.3 M NaCl, resulting in better emulsion properties. Additionally, the cooking yield (CY) and gel strength (GS) of emulsified MP gel were measured at an MP: corn oil ratio of 1: 2; GS increased with increasing levels of salt. At 0.6 M NaCl, GS decreased with decreasing pH from 5.5 to 6.5. GS and gelling properties were optimal at pH 5.5 in 0.6 M salt. The highest CY was observed at 0.6 M NaCl, regardless of the pH value. However, increasing pH increased CY at salt levels of 0 and 0.3 M. These results indicate that NaCl and pH profoundly affected the emulsified MP system. Future work will be conducted on the rheological properties of the pork emulsified system as affected by adding non-meat protein.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2015

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of NaCl concentration on the emulsifying and rheological properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MF)-stabilized soybean oil and fish oil emulsion (SO-EMs and FO-EMs). Emulsions (EMs) were prepared from 1% MF with 10% SO or FO at various NaCl concentration (0-0.5 M). The emulsifying ability index (EAI) of the EMs increased with increasing NaCl concentration for both oil types. Conversely, increasing NaCl manifested decrease in the emulsion stability index (ESI). In addition, creaming index (CI) also increased with NaCl concentration. From the microscopic observation, droplets of the EMs were more aggregated at relatively higher NaCl concentrations, especially for FO-EMs. All EMs had a gel-like structure owing to G' > G" from the rheological analysis. Comparing the oil types, the emulsifying capacity of SO-EMs was more stable than that of FO-EMs at all NaCl concentrations as determined from the CI value and microscopic observation. Therefore, it can be concluded that SO-EMs and FO-EMs are more stable at relatively lower concentrations of NaCl. In addition, the dispersed stability of SO-EMs was better than that of FO-EMs at the same concentration of NaCl.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2001

어분단백질의 이용성을 높이기 위한 가식성 혹은 생분해성 필름가공을 목적으로 알칼리 처리하여 제조된 FMPI의 물성과 이물성과 ester 화합물의 필름 투과율과 인장강도에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 어분으로부터 알칼리처리하고 추출조건을 달리하여 제조된 FMPI의 추출량은 추출시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. FMPI의 소수성은 추출시간 1시간일 때 가장 높게 나타났다가 그 이상 추출시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였다 유화활성은 추출시간이 5시간까지 증가함에 따라 급격한 증가를 보였으며, 유화안정성은 추출시간 2시간까지 추출시간의 증가에 따라 급격한 감소를 보여 유화활성과 상반된 결과를 나타내었다. 점도는 pH가 2일 때 가장 높게 나타났고 pH가 4일 때 가장 점도가 낮게 나타났다. 첨가하는 가소제의 농도가 증가할수록 필름의 ethyl acetate의 투과도는 증가하였다. 가소제의 종류별에 따른 ethyl acetate의 투과도는 polyethylene glycol, glycerol 및 sorbitol 첨가 필름 순으로 높게 나타났으며, ester 화합물 중에서는 ethyl formate의 투과속도가 가장 높았다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 ethyl acetate의 필름 투과속도는 증가하였다. FHPI의 표면소수성이 증가하면 필름의 인장강도가 증가하였다. 필름의 신장율은 FMPI의 표면소수성보다 가소제의 종류에 더 큰 영향을 받았다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.808-814
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• 2014

This study investigated the effect of gum arabic (GA) combined with microbial transglutaminase (TG) on the functional properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MP). As an indicator of functional property, heat-set gel and emulsion characteristics of MP treated with GA and/or TG were explored under varying NaCl concentrations (0.1-0.6 M). The GA improved thermal gelling ability of MP during thermal processing and after cooling, and concomitantly added TG assisted the formation of viscoelastic MP gel formation. Meanwhile, the addition of GA decreased cooking yield of MP gel at 0.6 M NaCl concentration, and the yield was further decreased by TG addition, mainly attributed by enhancement of protein-protein interactions. Emulsion characteristics indicated that GA had emulsifying ability and the addition of GA increased the emulsification activity index (EAI) of MP-stabilized emulsion. However, GA showed a negative effect on emulsion stability, particularly great drop in the emulsion stability index (ESI) was found in GA treatment at 0.6 M NaCl. Consequently, the results indicated that GA had a potential advantage to form a viscoelastic MP gel. For the practical aspect, the application of GA in meat processing had to be limited to the purposes of texture enhancer such as restructured products, but not low-salt products and emulsion-type meat products.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2000

잣 단배질 추출물(PNPE)의 유화력은 등전점(pH 3.8 부근)을 전후하여 산성 영역보다는 알칼리성 영역에서 높은 값을 보였으며, 1%의 PNPE를 함유한 경우에 pH 8.0에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 가장 높은 값 (약 6.44 $m^2/g$)을 나타내었으며, 3% PNPE를 함유한 유화용액의 경우 pH 4.0에서 가장 낮은 유화력 지표(약 0.10 $m^2/g$)를 나타내었다. PNPE의 유화안정성은 3%의 PNPE를 함유한 경우에 pH 8.0에서 약 20으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 1%의 PNPE를 함유한 경우에는 높은 유화력에도 불구하고 전 pH 범위에서 5 이하의 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 잣 탄수화물 추출물(PNCE)의 경우 유화력은 PNPE와 달리 산성에서 알칼리성 영역으로 갈수록 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 pH 5.0 이후에 급격히 증가하였다. PNCE의 유화안정성은 PNCE의 함유량이 증가할수룩 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 이들 구성 성분들은 lecithin에 비하여 약 $2.5{\sim}4.5$ 배 정도 낮은 유화특성을 나타내었다. 그리고 PNPE를 함유한 유화용액의 유동특성은 농도에 관계없이 pH 7.0과 8.0에서 뉴우톤성 유체(n=1, $r^2>0.99$)에 가까운 특성을 보였으며, 특히 3%와 5%의 PNPE를 함유한 경우에는 pH 3.0에서도 뉴우톤성 유체에 가까운 특성을 나타내었으나, PNCE를 함유한 유화용액의 경우는 농도 및 pH에 관계없이 의가소성 유체의 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 유화용액의 색도는 PNPE 및 PNCE의 농도에 관계없이 모두 pH 3.0과 7.0 및 8.0에서 유의적으로 (p<0.05) 높은 L값과 b값 그리고 ${\delta}E$값을 보였으며, a값은 이와 반대로 낮은 값을 나타내었다.