• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

In Korea, in the process of transition from a rural society to an industrial society, the opportunities for women's economic participation increased relatively. As a result, the marriage age of women increased, and it was recognized that the economic opportunity cost of married women and their participation in economic activities lead to low birthrates. In particular, it is time for an empirical analysis to determine whether workplace types affect the fertility rate. To this end, we analyzed the effect of workplace type on fertility using the labor panel data from 2003 to 2018. The results are as follows. A statistically significant negative relationship was drawn when unemployed women were compared with women employed in the private sector. However, there was no statistically significant effect when comparing unemployed women with women working in the public sector.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.89-111
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• 2013

This study set out to investigate factors affecting gender-role stereotype. Data came from National Welfare Panel Study of 2010 and the final sample size were 4,196 women and 3,703 men in Korea. Hierarchical regression analysis was used for the analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the olders, the married and the lower level of income showed more traditional gender-role attitudes. Second, the employed women have more egalitarian gender-role attitudes than the not-employed but the employed men showed more traditional gender-role attitudes. And the more educated women showed more egalitarian gender-role attitudes but men's gender-role attitudes had no difference according to the education level. Third, self-esteem did not affect gender-role attitudes. And limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.466-473
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise on sexual function and to present basic information on promoting sexual function for employed middle-aged women. Method: Data were collected from July to September, 2005 from a sample of 25 conveniently selected middle-aged working women from B city. For personal reasons, 10 dropped out, leaving 15 women who were treated with the exercise for 6 weeks. Outcome measures on sexual function were assessed by a self-report questionnaire based on the Female Sexual Function Index(Rosen et al, 2000 and translated by Kim, 2004). Cronbach ${\alpha}'s $ for the two studies were .82 and .96 respectively and for this study, .81. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for sexual function was 21.42(range 2-36). There were significant improvements in total sexual function, and 4 sub-scales of sexual function, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, and coital pain. No significant improvements in sexual desire or sexual satisfaction were found. Conclusion: The small sample means findings must be interpreted with caution, but do suggest that pelvic floor muscle exercise could be an effective exercise for improvement of sexual function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.716-726
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to analyze the type of appeal and constituent unit's expression of apparel advertising appeared in women's magazine through content analysis. The research questions raised for this study were: (1) Are there any differences in the type of appeal between outwear and uderwear, men's and women's outwear, and formal wear and casual wear advertising ? (2) Are there any differences in the type of appeal and constituent unit's expression of apparel advertising between the late of 1980's and the begining of 1990's ? "Women Sense", founded on August 1988, was used as research materials for the study. And the period of analysis was from September 1988 to March 1993. In order to reduce biases of monthly issues in magazine, the apparel advertisements for analysis were selected from March, June, September and December issues. A total of 348 apparel advertisements were analyzed. The data gethered were analyzed using the frequency table, percentage and chi-square test. The results were as follows: 1. The emotional appeal was used more often for apparel advertisements. 2. There was no difference in types of appeal between men's and women's outwear. Both of them frequently used emotional appeal type 3. Rational appeal and sex appeal type were used more frequently in underwear advertising than in outwear advertisements. 4. It was emotional appeal type that usually used in both formal and casual wear advertising, and sex appeal was employed more often in casual wear advertising than in formal wear advertising. 5. Romantic appeal was employed more aften in the late of 1980's than in the begining of 1990's. Sex appeal and rational appeal were used more often in the beginning of 1990's than in the late of 1980's. 6. Emotional (28.7%) and Assertion Propose Headlines (21.6%) were popular in the late of 1980's. 7. Brand Name Headline was shown most often in the begining of 1990's. 8. Emotional, Factual and Mixed Copies were generally used at all types of bodycopy. while there was no difference in types of bodycopy between the periods. 9. Direct Approach, that a model introduced advertising goods to consumer, was mainly used in illustration. There was no difference in different types of illustration between the periods.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2011

In Nigeria, malaria causes up to 11% of maternal mortality. Our main aim was to find out the most common mosquito control measures employed by the pregnant women in Lagos and their effects on malaria infection. The study was carried out over a period of 6 months during which trained interviewers administered questionnaires to 400 pregnant women. The prevalence of malaria was 8.4%. There was no significant association between the prevalence of malaria and age, level of education, or occupation of the participants. Pregnant women in the age range 26-30 had the mean parasite density ($409.9{\pm}196.80$). Insecticide spray (32.8%), mosquito coil (27.5%), and insecticide-treated nets (ITN) (15.5%) were the major mosquito control measures employed by the participants while the prevalence of infection among them were 2.3%, 6.2%, and 3.2%, respectively (P<0.05). Only 18.3% of the women had taken more than one dose of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT), while another 11.8% had taken a single dose. The infection rate among them was 4.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Malaria prevalence was highest among those who had not received any dose of IPT (10%). This study showed that the use of ITN and IPT among the pregnant women were still unacceptably low. It also showed that the use of insecticide spray which was the most common malaria control measure adopted by the participants was effective despite the fact that it is not a National Malaria Control Policy. We recommend that a sustained integrated mosquito man-agement and public education should be strengthened in Nigeria.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the gender division of housework in the Choson period. The gender division in the Choson period has been considered as discriminative because women had to remain indoors and were excluded in social works. But in fact the Confucian idea, which regulated the relation between women and men, emphasized the gender difference and not gender discrimination. Actually it can be seen in genre painting of Choson period that women and men worked complimentarily indoors. So this article intends to explore the possibilities of the new analysis of the traditional gender division of housework by reviewing the paintings. As the results indicate, men in the Choson period were involved in some housework, in contrast to the common idea that they maintained their authority by not participating housework. There is also some evidence that gender division benefited women to protect their own productive territory or to satisfy their needs. So it is suggested that gender division in the Choson period should be considered as a source of power as well as a disadvantage to women. Forth, the employed mens' reemployment decision was affected from their household income, expected income after retirement, pension ownership, and attitude toward retirement. From the findings, it can be concluded that the employed mens' age, economic status, and attitude toward retirement played a important role in the process of retirement and reemployment decision making.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.161-185
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• 2016

This study set out to investigate relationship between work-family conflict and depression and especially moderating effect of work-family facilitation. Data came from Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family 2012. The final sample size was 2,716 married employed women in South Korea. Analysis methods were multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, married employed women showed more higher level of work-family facilitation than work-family conflict and work-family facilitation correlated with work-family conflict positively. Second, work-family conflict affected significantly depression. Third, work-family facilitation moderated significantly the relationship between work-family conflict and depression. The limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the influencing factors on the continuity and the willingness of continuing self-employment. The sample of 321 was selected from self-employed workers living in Daegu. For data analysis, t-test, multiple regression, and logistic analysis were used. The major findings were as follows : 1. The sustaining period of self-employment were affected by gender, age, and educational attainment of self-employed workers, as well as the amount of starting capital, couple's partnership in business or not, and the type of industry in business. 2. Willingness to continue self-employment is more likely for those who without other income source, have positive vision with future economic prospects, have more satisfied with their self-employed work.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.210-220
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experiences. This study employed Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: The data were collected after receipt of consent from 250 single women with sexual experiences, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: $x^2=362.407$, RMR=0.065, RMSEA=0.070, GFI=0.867. TLI=0.927, CFI=0.938, IFI=0.939, and $x^2/dF=2.237$. Intention showed direct effect with the biggest effect being on reproductive health behavior. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a direct effect on intention. Among them, perceived behavioral control revealed the largest influence. Conclusion: This study suggests that the TPB is a suitable model in explaining the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experience. Strategic plans for educational and intervention programs should be aimed to encourage single women to engage in reproductive health behavior.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-182
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of informal grandparent-provided child care and support on married women's additional birth plans. This study applied panel data analysis to three waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family (KLoWF) and obtained two major findings, as follows. First, having a mother-in-law and co-residing with parents-in-law had a positive influence on married working women's additional birth plans. Child care provision from the parents of a married working woman also positively influenced her additional birth plans. Second, the analysis showed that housework assistance from a woman's mother-in-law or mother had no effect on her birth plans in both models investigated: the additional birth plan model for all women, both employed and unemployed, and the additional birth plan model for only working women. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that child care availability, with grandparents as the trusted providers, is a more important factor in married women's additional birth plans than housework assistance from their mothers-in-law and mothers.