• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.13-26
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to identify the financial status of the home based business, and to analyze the factors effected on it. The sample consisted of 713 self-employed from data of 1998 Korea Household Panel Study, and analyzed into Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, $\varkappa$$^2$-test, and Regression Analysis. The findings showed that the household income and expenditure level of female self-employed was higher than those of male self-employed. In case of financial status of business, male self-employed's net profit was higher than female's and the net profit to total sales ratio of male self-employed was greater than female's. The factors contributing to total expenditure to total income ratio were sex, educational level, future economic expectancy, residence and home ownership of self-employed, while the factor effect on total asset to total debt ratio was only total household income. The Variables of sex, educational level of self- employed, job type of home based business and the number of employees in home based business were associated with net profit to total sales ratio, age and educational level of serif-employed, and job type of home based business was related to total sales to the number of emploees ratio(labor productivity).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of human resource development on the job satisfaction and wage among employed workers. A sample of 3,578 employed workers was selected from Korea Labor Panel Data. For data analysis, t-test and multiple regression were used. The major findings were as follows: First, the employed workers who had experiences of human resource development had more certificates of job-related qualification, more employed in government-invested organization or foreign company regularly than the counterpart. Second, the employed workers' wage was affected by gender, age, educational attainment, as well as whether they had experiences of human resource development. Third, the factors that influence employed workers' job satisfaction were gender, age, educational attainment, job regularity, having certificate of job-related qualification or not, and having experiences of human resource development or not. From the findings, it can be concluded that the employed workers' wage and job satisfaction were improved by the human resource development.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.1 s.215
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• pp.115-129
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to the parental role in satisfaction and parenting behaviors. The subjects were 102 employed mothers and 110 unemployed mothers of 5-year-old children living in Seoul, Korea. The measures were questionnaire, the Parental Role Satisfaction Scale and the Parenting Behaviors Scale. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, frequency, percentile, mean, correlation, multiple regression and Chow-test. Consistent with Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting, the parental role satisfaction and parenting behaviors of both employed and unemployed mothers were influenced by child characteristics, parent characteristics, and family factors. Results showed that the parental role satisfaction of both employed and unemployed mothers was correlated to child's birth order, temperament and health of child, mothers' and fathers' age, fathers' educational level, and family income. Parenting behaviors were also correlated to sex of child, child's birth order, temperament of child, parental educational level, and family income for employed mothers and to health of child, mothers' and fathers' age, mothers' educational level, and family income for unemployed mothers. Especially, father's age for employed mothers, and child's temperament for unemployed mothers, were the most strongly related variables for parental role satisfaction. On the other hand, family income for employed mothers, and fathers' age for unemployed mothers were the most strongly related variables for parenting behaviors.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the affecting factors on employed mens' retirement and reemployment decision making. The focus was on the process of employed mens' decision on retirement and their reemployment decision after retirement from present job. The major findings were as follows ; First, the employed men who had a retirement plan were having more household income, more household net asset, more savings and investment for elderly life, and more positive attitude toward retirement. Second, the major factors affecting on having retirement plan or not were employed mens' age, household income, expected income after retirement, savings and investment for elderly life, job, and attitude toward retirement. Third, the major affecting factors on expected retirement age were employed mens' age, health status, job security, and attitude toward retirement. Forth, the employed mens' reemployment decision was affected from their household income, expected income after retirement, pension ownership, and attitude toward retirement. From the findings, it can be concluded that the employed mens' age, economic status, and attitude toward retirement played a important role in the process of retirement and reemployment decision making.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.19-41
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between the infants' mother's parenting stresses and their environmental factors. The participants were 625 employed and 1453 non employed mothers from the Korean children panel in 2008. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and hierarchical regressions. The results are as follows. 1) The infant mothers experienced the medium level of parenting stresses. They reported the high level stresses in the parenting costs, the selecting parenting information, and the responsibility in their child's emotional stability. 2) The non employed mothers perceived more difficulties in the parenting situations than the employed mothers. The employed mothers perceived their environment and their parenting itself in positive way. They were in the good psychological conditions, having a well relationship with the husbands. They also had more knowledge in the child rearing and social supports. 3) The mother's psychological factors showed the high explanation power on their parenting stresses. 4) The father's parenting assistant affected the mother's parenting stresses only in the non employed mother.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.281-304
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• 2018

This paper aims at analysing what impacts the experience of self-employed business have had on the income mobility. Since 2000s, the flexibilization of labor market and the population aging led to the increase of the number of self-employed job as many retirees at the age of early 50s has set up the self-employed business as a bridge job. However, previous researches just have emphasized on the impoverishment of the self-employed, but not focused on what different effects the experience of self-employed had on the income class mobility by age group. This paper compares the difference in the income class mobility by age group and employment status, and analyses its longitudinal trends. According to the result, as a whole the experience of self-employed has positive effect on the upper mobility of income class, but it become disadvantageous for the upper mobility as the age goes up. When belonging to the age group over 60s, the experience of self-employed rather increases the risk of lowering income class. Just as the experience of self-employed has different effects on income class mobility by age group, so the differentiated measures for age groups are demanded.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.59-75
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• 2003

Using ecological perspectives, this study investigated variables that affect the life satisfaction of employed and unemployed mothers. The subjects were 623 mothers who had preschool and kindergarten age children living in Seoul, Inchon, and Kyonggi areas. Results showed that the life satisfaction was higher in employed mothers and differed by mothers' and fathers' educational level, family composition, and family income. Life satisfaction of both employed and unemployed mothers correlated highly with parental stress, husband's support of child-rearing, social support, and satisfaction with early childhood program. Husband's support of child-rearing was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction for both employed and unemployed mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.25-41
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate employed mothers' psychological well-being, focused on positive affect and life satisfaction. the subjects were 189 fulltime employed mothers who had preschool children living in Seoul. The major findings were as follows : 1) Marital satisfaction and job satisfaction of employed mothers were positively related to their positive affect and life satisfaction. 2) the amount of social support was not related to psychological well-being, But, the more satisfied with social support employed mothers have received, the more frequently they felt positive affect and the more satisfied with their lives. 3) The variables which explained the variances of positive affect dimension were marital satisfaction, job satisfaction and the age of employed mothers and the variables explaining the variances of life satisfaction dimension were marital satisfaction, the extent of husbands' sharing in child care and job satisfaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.3 s.47
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• pp.15-24
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between family, work experiences and psychological well-being among employed wives. Data were collected from 258 full-time employed wives in dual-earner families. 63.6% of respondents were in their 30s and 36.4% in their 40s. Educational and income level was above average. Employed wives experienced higher levels of stress and satisfaction in parenting than in marital relationships and work. The findings of this study indicated that higher levels of marital stress and parenting stress were negatively related to work satisfaction for employed wives in dual-earner couples. Work stress had negative effects on parenting satisfaction. However, marital satisfaction was not influenced by parenting stress and work stress. The results of the regression analysis revealed that marital, work and parenting satisfaction were significant predictors of psychological well-being of employed wives. The size of effects were found to be greater for marital and work satisfaction than for parenting satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.69-81
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• 1981

This study is designed to find out the role performance problems, especially concerning the difference between the employed wives and housewives. The data were obtained from the questionnaire with 25 items collected form 541 wives-266 employed wives and 275 housewives. The t-test and F-test were applied and the results are as follows: 1. There is no significant difference in their role perception between the employed wives and the housewives. respondents think mother role is the most important and social role the least. 2. Employed wives' self evaluation of role performance level is significantly lower than housewives'. Generally, self evaluation level is very low on every role area, especially mother role. 3. Role performance fulfillment level of employe wives is significantly lower than that of housewives. All the areas of their role are less fulfilled, especially employed wives' mother role.