• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-60
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two different characteristics of music(tempo) and advertising photograph(type) in a fashion store on consumers' emotional responses and approach behavior and to suggest competitive in-store atmospheric strategies. To test the conceptual model, this study used a video simulation method. Researchers selected a fashion casual wear retail store for young people and videotaped to provide realistic store settings. Two different levels of background music(fast, slow) and advertising photograph(sexy, cheerful) were inserted into the video clip generating four stimuli. Including a stimulus for the control group, 5 video clips were created. A total of 289 subjects answered the questionnaire after viewing a two-minute video clips. The results are as follows: First, advertising photograph in a store had a significant effect on consumers' in-store emotional state, whereas musical tempo did not. Second, the effect of in-store consumers' emotional state on behavioral reponses were investigated. Results showed that consumers' positive emotional state lead to consumers' approach behavior. The results of this study indicated that background music and advertising photograph in a fashion store affected consumers' in-store emotional state, and ultimately these affected consumers' positive approach behavior. Thus retailer should try to create a pleasant store environment using effective store atmospheric factors like background music and advertising photograph.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.735-742
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• 2007

The importance of the interaction capability of a robot increases as the application of a robot is extended to a human's daily life. In this paper, a portable mediate interface Handybot is developed with various interaction channels to be used with an intelligent home service robot. The Handybot has a task-oriented channel of an icon language as well as a verbal interface. It also has an emotional interaction channel that recognizes a user's emotional state from facial expression and speech, transmits that state to the robot, and expresses the robot's emotional state to the user. It is expected that the Handybot will reduce spatial problems that may exist in human-robot interactions, propose a new interaction method, and help creating rich and continuous interactions between human users and robots.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.21-49
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• 2019

This study examines a model which simultaneously contains two paths between waiting line and purchase intention: one tested the positive effect of waiting line through consumers' perceived quality, whereas another one go through consumers' emotional state to test the negative effect of waiting line on purchase intention. To further understand perceived quality, the study divided perceived quality into perceived product quality and perceived service quality. The study used restaurants in the experiment. Results indicated that although long waits in line will directly increase both consumers' product quality perception and negative emotions, the total indirect effects on purchase intention are still significantly positive. For consumers' perceived service quality, long waiting situations have no such effect on it. Significant results from a moderation analysis also shown that consumers in low-level knowledge settings are more influenced by waiting lines than those in high-level knowledge settings when they make the product's quality-related judgment. However, the level of consumer knowledge does not moderate the relationship between waiting lines and service quality.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.213-215
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• 2007

This paper introduces an emotional behavior decision model for intelligent service robots. An emotional model should make different behavior decisions according to the purpose of the robots. We propose an emotional behavior decision model which can change the character of emotional model and make different behavior decisions although the situation and environment remain the same. We defined each emotional element such as reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics by state dynamic equations. The proposed system model is a linear system. If you want to add one external stimulus or behavior, you need to add just one dimensional vector to the matrix of external stimulus or behavior dynamics. The case of removing is same. The change of reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics also follows the same procedure. We implemented the proposed emotional behavior decision model and verified its performance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.682-685
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• 2004

This paper investigated a method for classifying emotional states by using pulse wave signal. It focused on finding effective features for emotional state classification. The emptional states considered here consisted of interest and neutral. Classification experiments utilized 65 and 60 samples of interest and neutral states respectively. We have investigated 19 features derived from pulse wave signals by using both time domain and frequency domain analysis methods with 2 classifiers of minimum distance (normalized Euclidean distanece) and ${\kappa}$-Nearest Neighbour. The Leave-one-out cross validation was used as an evaluation mehtod. Based on experimental results, the most efficient features were a combination of 4 features consisting of (i) the mean of the first differences of the smoothed pulse rate time series signal, (ii) the mean of absolute values of the second differences of thel normalized interbeat intervals, (iii) the root mean square successive difference, and (iv) the power in high frequency range in normalized unit, which provided 80.8% average accuracy with ${\kappa}$-Nearest Neighbour classifier.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-396
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

Audience observing visual media with care experience lots of emotional transition according to characteristics of media. Enjoy, sadness, surprising, etc, a variety of emotional state of audiences is often arranged by James Russell's 'A circumplex model of affect' utilized on psychology. Especially, in various emotions, 'Uncanny' mentioned by Sigmund Freud is represented a sharp medium existing in a crack of clearly emotional conception. Uncanny phenomenon is an emotional state of changing from unpleasant to pleasant on an audience observing visual media is been aware of immoral media generally, therefore, because this is a positive state on a social taboo, we need to analyze with a scientific analysis clearly. Therefore, this study will organize James Russell's 'A circumplex model of affect' and uncanny phenomenon, will be progressed to establish a hypothesis about a state of uncanny on audiences observing visual media and analyze results of the physiological signals experiment based on ECG(Electronic Cardiogram), GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) signals with distribution, distance, and moving time in a circumplex model of affect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4930-4941
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• 2014

This study had three purposes. First, the effects of job-related affective states on emotional labor (deep acting and surface acting) of employees engaging in service job were examined. Second, previous studies focused on the negative effects of emotional labor on job attitudes. On the other hand, this study dealt with not only the negative effects of emotional labor but also its positive effects. In particular, this study examined the effects of emotional labor on positive job attitudes, such as job commitment and job involvement, as well as negative job attitudes, such as exhaustion and cynicism. Finally, this study examined the mediation effect of emotional labor on the relationship between the job-related affective state and job attitudes. The data was collected from 150 employees working in 15 service firms in Korea. The results were as follows. First, the positive job-related affective state increased the deep-acting. On the other hand, negative job-related affective state increased surface-acting. Second, the main effect of deep-acting on positive job attitudes (dedication and vigor) was significant. In addition, the main effects of surface-acting on the negative job attitudes (exhaustion and cynicism) was significant. Finally, the mediating effect of deep-acting on the relationship between positive job-related affective state and positive job attitudes was significant. In addition, surface-acting mediated the relationship between negative job-related affective state and negative job attitudes. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are provided in the discussion session.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Objective: This study classified three different emotional states(boredom, pain, and surprise) using physiological signals. Background: Emotion recognition studies have tried to recognize human emotion by using physiological signals. It is important for emotion recognition to apply on human-computer interaction system for emotion detection. Method: 122 college students participated in this experiment. Three different emotional stimuli were presented to participants and physiological signals, i.e., EDA(Electrodermal Activity), SKT(Skin Temperature), PPG(Photoplethysmogram), and ECG (Electrocardiogram) were measured for 1 minute as baseline and for 1~1.5 minutes during emotional state. The obtained signals were analyzed for 30 seconds from the baseline and the emotional state and 27 features were extracted from these signals. Statistical analysis for emotion classification were done by DFA(discriminant function analysis) (SPSS 15.0) by using the difference values subtracting baseline values from the emotional state. Results: The result showed that physiological responses during emotional states were significantly differed as compared to during baseline. Also, an accuracy rate of emotion classification was 84.7%. Conclusion: Our study have identified that emotions were classified by various physiological signals. However, future study is needed to obtain additional signals from other modalities such as facial expression, face temperature, or voice to improve classification rate and to examine the stability and reliability of this result compare with accuracy of emotion classification using other algorithms. Application: This could help emotion recognition studies lead to better chance to recognize various human emotions by using physiological signals as well as is able to be applied on human-computer interaction system for emotion recognition. Also, it can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling emotion-specific physiological responses as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in human-computer interaction.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.123-125
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• 2006

One of the biggest problems unsolved in emotional speech acquisition is how to make or find a situation which is close to natual or desired state from humans. We proposed a method to collect emotional speech data by scriptual context. Several contexts from the scripts of drama were chosen by the experts in the area. Context were divided into 6 classes according to the contents. Two actors, one male and one female, read the text after recognizing the emotional situations in the script.