• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2006

본 연구는 점포 내 배경음악과 광고사진이 소비자의 정서 및 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구로서 비디오 시뮬레이션을 통한 실험적 방법을 이용하였다. 매장 내 배경음악의 템포 효과와 광고사진 분위기의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 국내 중 저가 영 캐주얼 의류 브랜드 매장 한 곳을 선택하여 비디오 촬영한 후, 2 (빠른 템포 vs. 느린 템포) ${\times}$2 (섹시한 사진 분위기 밝고 경쾌한 사진 분위기) 요인 설계를 이용하여 4개 의 자극물을 조작하였다. 또한 음악 및 사진 자극이 제공되지 않은 자극물을 포함, 통제 집단을 구성하였다. 총 289개의 설문의 수집되었으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통제집단과 각 4개의 실험 집단과의 비교 분석 결과, 점포 내 배경음악과 광고사진이 없는 통제집단은 정서적, 행동적 반응 모두에서 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다. 따라서 배경음악과 광고사진의 유무는 소비자의 정서적, 행동적 반응에 영향을 미친다고 하겠다. 둘째, 점포 내 배경음악의 템포 및 광고사진 분위기와 소비자의 점포 내 긍정적 정서상태와의 관계를 분석한 결과, 배경음악의 템포에 의한 차이는 유의하지 않았으나, 광고사진의 분위기 차이에 따른 점포 내 소비자의 긍정적인 정서상태의 차이는 유의하였다 셋째, 소비자의 점포내 긍정적인 정서상태는 소비자의 긍정적 접근행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상품 자체의 품질이나 다양성, 상품의 가격과 같은 직접적인 상품 요인 외에 배경음악과 광고사진 같은 점포 내의 분위기 요소들이 소비자들에게 즉각적이고 감정적인 반응을 불러일으켜 상품 자체 요인으로는 설명되지 않는 소비자들의 점포 내 구매행동에 영향을 미치는 중요 변수임을 발견하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2007

The importance of the interaction capability of a robot increases as the application of a robot is extended to a human's daily life. In this paper, a portable mediate interface Handybot is developed with various interaction channels to be used with an intelligent home service robot. The Handybot has a task-oriented channel of an icon language as well as a verbal interface. It also has an emotional interaction channel that recognizes a user's emotional state from facial expression and speech, transmits that state to the robot, and expresses the robot's emotional state to the user. It is expected that the Handybot will reduce spatial problems that may exist in human-robot interactions, propose a new interaction method, and help creating rich and continuous interactions between human users and robots.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.21-49
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• 2019

This study examines a model which simultaneously contains two paths between waiting line and purchase intention: one tested the positive effect of waiting line through consumers' perceived quality, whereas another one go through consumers' emotional state to test the negative effect of waiting line on purchase intention. To further understand perceived quality, the study divided perceived quality into perceived product quality and perceived service quality. The study used restaurants in the experiment. Results indicated that although long waits in line will directly increase both consumers' product quality perception and negative emotions, the total indirect effects on purchase intention are still significantly positive. For consumers' perceived service quality, long waiting situations have no such effect on it. Significant results from a moderation analysis also shown that consumers in low-level knowledge settings are more influenced by waiting lines than those in high-level knowledge settings when they make the product's quality-related judgment. However, the level of consumer knowledge does not moderate the relationship between waiting lines and service quality.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.213-215
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• 2007

This paper introduces an emotional behavior decision model for intelligent service robots. An emotional model should make different behavior decisions according to the purpose of the robots. We propose an emotional behavior decision model which can change the character of emotional model and make different behavior decisions although the situation and environment remain the same. We defined each emotional element such as reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics by state dynamic equations. The proposed system model is a linear system. If you want to add one external stimulus or behavior, you need to add just one dimensional vector to the matrix of external stimulus or behavior dynamics. The case of removing is same. The change of reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics also follows the same procedure. We implemented the proposed emotional behavior decision model and verified its performance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.682-685
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• 2004

This paper investigated a method for classifying emotional states by using pulse wave signal. It focused on finding effective features for emotional state classification. The emptional states considered here consisted of interest and neutral. Classification experiments utilized 65 and 60 samples of interest and neutral states respectively. We have investigated 19 features derived from pulse wave signals by using both time domain and frequency domain analysis methods with 2 classifiers of minimum distance (normalized Euclidean distanece) and ${\kappa}$-Nearest Neighbour. The Leave-one-out cross validation was used as an evaluation mehtod. Based on experimental results, the most efficient features were a combination of 4 features consisting of (i) the mean of the first differences of the smoothed pulse rate time series signal, (ii) the mean of absolute values of the second differences of thel normalized interbeat intervals, (iii) the root mean square successive difference, and (iv) the power in high frequency range in normalized unit, which provided 80.8% average accuracy with ${\kappa}$-Nearest Neighbour classifier.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the progressive muscle relaxation on behavioral states and emotional reactions of adolescent athletes. The participants were 167 adolescent male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 who were junior or high school students in Seoul. Ninety-three of them were assigned to the experimental group, while seventy-four to the control group. The experimental group was treated by 10 sessions (20 min./session) of Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation for two weeks, while the control group was not treated. The self and observer reported behavioral states, general stress by visual analogue scale, physical symptoms of stress, athletic stress, state anxiety, depression, self-esteem were measured before and after two weeks of the progressive muscle relaxation. The results were as follows ; 1. The self and observer reported behavioral states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 2. The general stress and the gastrointestinal symptoms of stress were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant difference on athletic stress was found between the two groups. The depression and the state anxiety were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group. The self-esteem was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group. 3. The influential factors on behavioral state of adolescent male athlete were depression and state anxiety. The accelerating factor on behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was state anxiety. These results are suggested that the progressive muscle relaxation could be effective in stabilizing behavioral state, decreasing general stress, gastrointestinal symptoms of stress, depression, state anxiety, in increasing self-esteem of adolescent male athletes. And the behavioral state change after the progressive muscle relaxation was influenced by state anxiety.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

영상을 주의 깊게 시청하는 관객은 보이는 영상의 성격에 따라 여러 심적 변화를 경험한다. 기쁨, 슬픔, 놀람 등 관객이 느낄 수 있는 다양한 감정 상태는 심리학에서 많이 활용되는 제임스 러셀(James Russell)이 정의한 감정 원형모형을 통해 정리된다. 관객이 느낄 수 있는 감정들 중에서도 특히 지그문트 프로이트(Sigmund Freud)가 언급한 언캐니(uncanny)는 기존의 명료한 정서적 개념들의 틈새에 존재하는 첨예한 중간자로 대변된다. 언캐니 현상은 비윤리적으로 인식되는 영상을 시청하는 관객이 보편적으로 느끼는 불쾌한 부분이 쾌로 수용되는 상태, 즉 사회적 금기에 대해 긍정적인 상태이기 때문에 이는 사회윤리적인 해석과 더불어 명확한 수리적 분석이 후행될 때 비로소 첨예한 심리상태로서 분석 가치를 지닌다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 감정 원형모형과 언캐니 상태를 분석하고, 관객의 언캐니 상태에 관한 가설을 설립하여 ECG(Electronic Cardiogram)와 GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) 신호 측청과 같은 생체신호 실험을 수치화한 결과를 러셀의 감정 원형모형을 기반으로 분포, 거리, 시간 등을 분석하는 방향으로 진행된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4930-4941
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 첫째, 서비스 업종에 종사하는 종업원들의 감정노동에 영향을 미치는 선행요인으로서 직무관련 정서상태의 효과를 검증하였으며, 둘째, 감정노동의 결과요인으로서 선행연구에서 주로 다루었던 부정적 직무태도 뿐만 아니라 긍정적 직무태도에 대한 감정노동의 효과를 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 종업원들이 과업환경에서 경험하는 직무관련 정서와 직무태도 간의 관계를 매개하는 감정노동의 효과를 검증하였다. 국내 15개 서비스 기업에 종사하는 150명의 종업원을 대상으로 실시한 설문분석 결과, 직무관련 긍정 정서상태는 종업원으로 하여금 내면행동을, 직무관련 부정 정서상태는 표면행동을 유발함이 검증되었다. 또한 내면행동은 긍정적인 직무태도인 직무헌신과 직무활력을 증진시켰으며, 표면행동은 냉소주의와 소진을 증가시켰다. 마지막으로 내면행동은 직무관련 긍정 정서상태와 긍정적인 직무태도(직무헌신, 직무활력) 간의 관계를, 표면행동은 직무관련 부정 정서상태와 부정적인 직무태도(냉소주의, 소진) 간의 관계를 각각 매개하였다. 본 연구는 종업원들의 감정노동전략이 인지적 혹은 반응적 메커니즘을 수반하여 직무관련 정서상태와 직무태도 간의 관계를 매개함을 검증하였다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있다. 또한 실무적으로 본 연구 결과를 토대로 볼 때, 서비스 직무를 수행하는 종업원들의 서비스 질을 향상시키고 긍정적인 직무태도를 유도하기 위해서는 단순히 부정적 정서를 유발하지 않는 직무환경을 유지하는 수동적 관리보다도 긍정적 정서를 증진시킬 수 있는 과업환경을 조성하는 것이 중요함을 제안할 수 있다. 향후 연구에서는 종단적 데이터 측정이나 측정 소스의 다양화 등의 시도가 필요하다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Objective: This study classified three different emotional states(boredom, pain, and surprise) using physiological signals. Background: Emotion recognition studies have tried to recognize human emotion by using physiological signals. It is important for emotion recognition to apply on human-computer interaction system for emotion detection. Method: 122 college students participated in this experiment. Three different emotional stimuli were presented to participants and physiological signals, i.e., EDA(Electrodermal Activity), SKT(Skin Temperature), PPG(Photoplethysmogram), and ECG (Electrocardiogram) were measured for 1 minute as baseline and for 1~1.5 minutes during emotional state. The obtained signals were analyzed for 30 seconds from the baseline and the emotional state and 27 features were extracted from these signals. Statistical analysis for emotion classification were done by DFA(discriminant function analysis) (SPSS 15.0) by using the difference values subtracting baseline values from the emotional state. Results: The result showed that physiological responses during emotional states were significantly differed as compared to during baseline. Also, an accuracy rate of emotion classification was 84.7%. Conclusion: Our study have identified that emotions were classified by various physiological signals. However, future study is needed to obtain additional signals from other modalities such as facial expression, face temperature, or voice to improve classification rate and to examine the stability and reliability of this result compare with accuracy of emotion classification using other algorithms. Application: This could help emotion recognition studies lead to better chance to recognize various human emotions by using physiological signals as well as is able to be applied on human-computer interaction system for emotion recognition. Also, it can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling emotion-specific physiological responses as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in human-computer interaction.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.123-125
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• 2006

One of the biggest problems unsolved in emotional speech acquisition is how to make or find a situation which is close to natual or desired state from humans. We proposed a method to collect emotional speech data by scriptual context. Several contexts from the scripts of drama were chosen by the experts in the area. Context were divided into 6 classes according to the contents. Two actors, one male and one female, read the text after recognizing the emotional situations in the script.