• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.57-75
• /
• 2013

It is a well-established theory that emotion is influential in cognitive processing. Extensive prior research on emotion has shown that emotional factors, such as affect, mood, and feeling, play as information indicating whether he or she has enough knowledge. Most of their findings focused on the effect of emotional valence (i.g., one's subjective positivity or negativity related with the emotion). Recently, several studies on emotion suggest that there is another dimension of emotion, which affects the type of cognitive processing. The studies argue that emotional certainty facilitates heuristic processing, whereas emotional uncertainty promotes systematic processing. Based on the findings, current study examines the effect of certainty on attitudes and recall. Specifically, the authors investigate the effect of certainty on how much effort individuals use to process advertising information and how certainty affects attitude formation toward the advertised product. The authors also focus on recall to clarify the working mechanism of certainty on attitudes, because recall performance reflects the depth of information processing. Based on previous findings, the authors hypothesize that uncertainty (vs. certainty) leads to more favorable attitudes as well as better recall, and conduct an experiment using a fictitious advertisement with 218 participants. The results confirm the predicted effects of certainty only on attitudes not recall. A possible explanation of this discrepancy between attitudes and recall lies in the measurement method, unaided recall. To rule out this possibility, the authors perform an additional analysis with the participants who recall any correct information of the target advertisement. The results show certainty has a negative effect on both attitudes and recall. A bootstrapping test reveals that recall mediates the effect of certainty on attitudes. This result confirms that certainty decreases elaboration, which in turn leads to less favorable attitudes relative to uncertainty. Additionally, our data shows the association among certainty, recall, and attitudes by showing the indirect effect of certainty on attitudes via recall. This research encourages practitioners in the field to emphasize that they should focus on target audiences' emotional certainty before they provide the persuasive message, by showing that uncertainty promotes effortful processing, which in turn leads to better memory and more favorable attitudes.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2012

Laboratory equipment will continue to be developed and created as long as experiments continue. Up until now, the designs have been focused on the functional role; successfully process the study purpose. However, nowadays, the requirements of providing emotional satisfaction of the design, has increased. Even so, the users are normally limited by specific groups and investments on these designs have been neglected due to small annual production by the small market. Through this study, we have conducted an emotional evaluation on Temperature and Humidity Chamber's (TH Chamber) exterior shape. First of all, we extracted emotional words and placed them in categories that represent these emotions and conducted an emotional evaluation on four typical TH chamber models. They were selected based on its door lock type and control box type. The result showed that the 'fixed type' of control box and the 'handle type' of door lock were most favorable by the users, satisfying the five representative emotions; 'Attractiveness', 'Classiness', 'Comfortableness', 'Pleasant' and 'Satisfaction in Usability'. Particularly, all 4 emotional words in the 'Satisfaction in Usability' category recorded over 3.65. This indicates that Satisfaction in Usability is relatively an important category when expressing laboratory equipment. The result of this research is expected to be used as a basic data to find a way of right approach in laboratory equipment design.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.527-535
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate whether childcare teachers' job satisfaction plays a mediating role between their intention to change jobs and directors' emotional leadership. The participants of this study were 282 childcare teachers in Seoul. The instruments for this study were Director's Emotional Leadership Scale (2 factors with 18 items), Childcare Teacher's Job Satisfaction Scale (K-CTJSS, 6 factors with 40 items), and Childcare Teacher's Intention to Change Jobs Scale (1 factor with 7 items). These instruments were verified by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ as a reliability and factor analysis as a validity. The data were analysed by Pearson's productive correlation, stepwise multiple regression and path analysis by the SPSS ver. 20.0 and AMOS ver. 20.0. The results were as follows: First, there were significant negative correlations between directors' emotional leadership and childcare teachers' intention to change jobs, and between childcare teachers' job satisfaction and their intention to change jobs, whereas there were significant positive correlations between directors' emotional leadership and childcare teachers' job satisfaction. Second, the directors' emotional leadership was explained by 22% and the childcare teachers' job satisfaction was explained by 9% of their intention to change jobs. Last, the childcare teachers' job satisfaction mediated between the directors' emotional leadership and childcare teachers' intention to change jobs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2015

Airport is not only a public facility but a place where multiple cultural and ethnic groups are visiting. It has been reported though several researches that the level of emotional labor is more heavier than any other job. The more complex our society become, the more frequently emotional labor has been focused. Emotional labor became recently the issue of integrated studies above. Considering the level of emotional labor of airport employees, this paper believes their emotional labor has not been focused compared to such as tourism and service industry. This paper tried to research empirically the impact of internal marketing on airport employees' customer-oriented attitude based on their emotional labor using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). According to the SEM results, it was proven that 'Autonomy of Airport Employee', a latent variable of internal marketing has a significant negative effect on employees' outside emotion. The outside emotion has also a significant effect on their customer-oriented attitude. It could be concluded the effort to increase decision making authority of employees should be implemented to provide them with deeper customer oriented insight.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.571-580
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of emotional venting via instant messaging (IM) and positive emotion in the relationship between negative emotion and depression. Methods: Online survey was conducted in Korea between 2 April and 7 April 2019. To obtain samples with representativeness, data were gathered by the professional research firm. A total of 250 Koreans were participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS PROCESS macro to test the mediating effects. Results: This study analyzed the direct/indirect effects of negative emotion on emotional venting via IM, in the relationship between positive emotion and depression. Negative emotion had indirect effects on depression through emotional venting via IM and positive emotion. Both emotional venting via IM and positive emotion had dual mediating effects in the influence of negative emotion on depression. Conclusion: These results suggest that it is important to manage negative emotion to prevent depression. Also, this study confirmed that emotional venting via IM is a powerful factor influencing emotional recovery.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between emotional labor and happiness of clinical nurses. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 224 clinical nurses who had one or more years of clinical experiences from four general hospitals in D city in Korea. Data collected from the survey using self-reported questionnaires were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS statistics 21.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant correlations among variables; a negative correlation between happiness and emotional labor, a positive correlation between happiness and resilience, and a negative correlation between emotional labor and resilience. Meanwhile, resilience had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between emotional labor and happiness. That is, resilience can play an important role between emotional labor and happiness of clinical nurses as a mediator. Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, developing programs that can improve resilience of clinical nurses who experience emotional labor are needed to increase their level of happiness.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.544-555
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study examines the relationship among emotional labor, job burnout and organizational effectiveness of public healthcare center workers. In specific, authors focus on the relationships between emotional labor and job burnout and the one between job burnout and organizational effectiveness and mediating effect of job burnout between emotional labor and organizational effectiveness. Methods: For the empirical analysis, survey was conducted of workers in the public healthcare center, and 502 final data was secured after eliminating the insufficient ones, which were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Emotive effort showed to have a positive effect on organizational effectiveness, however emotive dissonance showed to have a negative effect on organizational effectiveness. Emotive effort showed to reduce the level of all job burnouts while emotive dissonance showed to increase the level of all job burnouts. All job burnout showed to have negative effects on organizational effectiveness. Job burnout showed to have mediating effect between emotional labor and organizational effectiveness. Conclusion: Emotive efforts of emotional labor has positive impact on organizational effectiveness while emotive dissonance has negative impact on organizational effectiveness overall. Therefore, public healthcare center should try to seek for proper way to reduce job burnout of workers, because job burnout functions as mediating element between emotional labor and organizational effectiveness.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.241-251
• /
• 2015

This study examined the effect of preschooler's emotional intelligence, child-teacher relationships (intimacy, conflict and dependency) on children's social competence. A sample of 269 children (142 boys and 127 girls) aged 3 to 6 in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do participated in the Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Child-Teacher Relationships Scale and Social Competence Scale by teachers. Descriptive statistics, t -test, Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis analyzed data via SPSS ver. 20.0. This study followed a mediated effect model. The results showed that: (1) The emotional intelligence of girls was significantly higher than boys. However, the child-teacher relationship and children's social competence had no significant difference relationship to gender. (2) There was a mediating effect of child-teacher relationships between preschooler's emotional intelligence and social competence. The effect of emotional intelligence on social competence was partially mediated by intimate relationship, conflict relationship and dependency relationship. The degree of mediating effect was investigated in regards to conflict relationship, dependency relationship and intimate relationship. This study demonstrated that child-teacher relationships mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and social competence of preschoolers.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.359-364
• /
• 2021

Aim: We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep and work-related impaired cognitive and emotional functioning in police employees. Methods: This study included 410 participants (52% men) employed in a police district in Norway at baseline, of which 50% also participated in the study at 6 months later follow-up. The questionnaires included items measuring work schedule, sleep length, insomnia, as well as impaired cognitive and emotional functioning at work. Results: The results showed that insomnia was related to impaired work-related emotional functioning measured at baseline, and to impaired cognitive functioning measured at both baseline and follow-up. Sleep length and rotating shift work were not associated with future decline in cognitive or emotional functioning. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the relationship between insomnia and emotional functioning at work may be transient, whereas insomnia can be related to both immediate and future impaired cognitive functioning. Replication of the findings in larger samples is advised. The findings call for an emphasis on the prevention and treatment of sleep problems among police employees as a mean of maintaining and improving cognitive and emotional functioning at work, and thereby reducing the risk for impaired performance and negative health and safety outcomes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.331-341
• /
• 2022

Through emotional exhaustion, this study empirically tests followers' behavioral responses to autocratic leaders. The current research focuses on effects caused by despotic leadership on followers' emotional exhaustion, which leads to employee outcomes such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggression. The association between despotic leadership and results (employee interpersonal deviance and indirect violence) is investigated in this study. In this study, emotional exhaustion is used as a mediator. Furthermore, negative affectivity is used as a moderator between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion. A time-lagged framework is employed with a sample of 255 respondents. Age, qualification, marital status, gender, grade, type of organization, department, and job experience are among the eight demographical questions in this study. After evaluating the data for normality, correlation analysis was performed, followed by moderation and mediation analysis. The current study explores the link between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion among followers, arguing that a despotic leader will leave followers exhausted at work. Emotional exhaustion was also linked to interpersonal deviances, such as indirect aggression, in a significant and positive way. Employee outcomes, such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggressiveness through emotional exhaustion, will be influenced by a despotic leader, according to the findings.