• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.60-75
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• 1998

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the 3one of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions is 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment &nursing procedures, disease status & prognosis, role of parents, communication & inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach α=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multifulrange test by use of SPSS /PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under. 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(±7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(±1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48person(± 0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in 'Don't know', the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of babyis 37.3% in 'More Intimate', the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in 'No-change', and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in 'very frequently' and the visiting number per week is 4.59(±1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21.88days(±16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first chid, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(±610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(±7.62) in aver age. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in 'None', and the operation plan is 90.6% in 'None' and the execution of operation is 88% in 'None' and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in 'Yes', and the method of feeding is 50.5% in 'Oral' and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the 'Milk'. 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(±0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status & prognosis' is highest 3.79(±1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment & nursing procedures' 3.70(±0.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(±0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(±0.92) and 'stress on communication & inter personal relationship' 2.62(± 0.77) 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight(γ=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(γ=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it os shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPNis the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1982

The main purpose of this study was to test the effect of the structured information on the sleep amount of the patients undergoing open heart surgery. This study has specifically addressed to the Following two basic research questions: (1) Would the structed in formation influence in the reduction of sleep disturbance related to anxiety and Physical stress before and after the operation? and (2) that would be the effects of the structured information on the level of preoperative state anxiety, the hormonal change, and the degree of behavioral change in the patients undergoing an open heart surgery? A Quasi-experimental research was designed to answer these questions with one experimental group and one control group. Subjects in both groups were matched as closely as possible to avoid the effect of the differences inherent to the group characteristics, Baseline data were also. collected on both groups for 7 days prior to the experiment and found that subjects in both groups had comparable sleep patterns, trait anxiety, hormonal levels and behavioral level. A structured information as an experimental input was given to the subjects in the experimental group only. Data were collected and compared between the experimental group and the control group on the sleep amount of the consecutive pre and post operative days, on preoperative state anxiety level, and on hormonal and behavioral changes. To test the effectiveness of the structured information, two main hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated as follows; Main hypothesis 1: Experimental group which received structured information will have more sleep amount than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Main hypothesis 2: Experimental group with structured information will have more sleep, amount than control group without structured information during the week following the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 1: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the level of State anxiety than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 2 : Experimental group with structured information will have lower hormonal level than control group without stuctured information on the 5th day after the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 3: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the behavioral change level than control group without structured information during the week after the open heart surgery. The research was conducted in a national university hospital in Seoul, Korea. The 53 Subjects who participated in the study were systematically divided into experimental group and control group which was decided by random sampling method. Among 53 subjects, 26 were placed in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. Instruments; (1) Structed information: Structured information as an independent variable was constructed by the researcher on the basis of Roy's adaptation model consisting of physiologic needs, self-concept, role function and interdependence needs as related to the sleep and of operational procedures. (2) Sleep amount measure: Sleep amount as main dependent variable was measured by trained nurses through observation on the basis of the established criteria, such as closed or open eyes, regular or irregular respiration, body movement, posture, responses to the light and question, facial expressions and self report after sleep. (3) State anxiety measure: State Anxiety as a sub-dependent variable was measured by Spi-elberger's STAI Anxiety scale, (4) Hormornal change measure: Hormone as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the cortisol level in plasma. (5) Behavior change measure: Behavior as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the Behavior and Mood Rating Scale by Wyatt. The data were collected over a period of four months, from June to October 1981, after the pretest period of two months. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean differences and analysis of covariance was used. The result of the test for instruments show as follows: (1) STAI measurement for trait and state anxiety as analyzed by Cronbachs alpha coefficient analysis for item analysis and reliability showed the reliability level at r= .90 r= .91 respectively. (2) Behavior and Mood Rating Scale measurement was analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis technique. Seven factors retained were anger, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression, bizarre behavior, suspicious behavior and emotional withdrawal. Cumulative percentage of each factor was 71.3%. The result of the test for hypotheses show as follows; (1) Main hypothesis, was not supported. The experimental group has 282 minutes of sleep as compared to the 255 minutes of sleep by the control group. Thus the sleep amount was higher in experimental group than in control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (2) Main hypothesis 2 was not supported. The mean sleep amount of the experimental group and control group were 297 minutes and 278 minutes respectively Therefore, the experimental group had more sleep amount as compared to the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. Thus, the main hypothesis 2 was not supported. (3) Sub-hypothesis 1 was not supported. The mean state anxiety of the experimental group and control group were 42.3, 43.9 in scores. Thus, the experimental group had slightly lower state anxiety level than control group, howe-ver, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (4) Sub-hypothesis 2 was not supported. . The mean hormonal level of the experimental group and control group were 338 ㎍ and 440 ㎍ respectively. Thus, the experimental group showed decreased hormonal level than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (5) Sub-hypothesis 3 was supported. The mean behavioral level of the experimental group and control group were 29.60 and 32.00 respectively in score. Thus, the experimental group showed lower behavioral change level than the control group. The difference was statistically significant at .05 level. In summary, the structured information did not influence the sleep amount, state anxiety or hormonal level of the subjects undergoing an open heart surgery at a statistically significant level, however, it showed a definite trends in their relationships, not least to mention its significant effect shown on behavioral change level. It can further be speculated that a great degree of individual differences in the variables such as sleep amount, state anxiety and fluctuation in hormonal level may partly be responsible for the statistical insensitivity to the experimentation.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.117-140
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• 2019

고령화 현상이 가속화되고, 취약계층 노인과 관련된 다양한 사회문제가 제기됨에 따라 노인세대의 건강과 안전을 보호하기 위한 효과적인 노인 돌봄 솔루션의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 최근에는 노인 돌봄의 수단으로 첨단화된 ICT 기술을 탑재한 스마트 토이를 활용하고자 하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 특히 스마트 토이를 통해 기록되는 노인 행태에 대한 로그 데이터는 노인 돌봄 관련 정책 수립, 노인 돌봄 서비스 컨셉 기획 및 개발과 같은 분야에 정량적이고 객관적인 설명지표로써 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 전망된다. 그러나 현재까지 노인 돌봄 스마트 토이와 관련된 연구 중 스마트 토이를 통해 기록된 사용자 행동 로그에 주목하여 이를 의사결정에 활용하고자 하는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 기존에 충분히 논의되지 않았던 스마트 토이 사용자 행동 로그 데이터에 대한 분석을 중심으로, 노인 돌봄 솔루션의 사용자 경험 증진을 위한 효과적인 인사이트를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로 사용자 프로파일링 기반 행태 분석과 사용 행태에 따른 삶의 질 변화 메커니즘 도출을 단계적으로 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 5개의 노인 생활관리 요인으로부터 노인집단 유형을 분류할 수 있는 2개의 중요한 차원을 도출하였으며, 도출한 차원에 근거하여 전체 노인 사용자를 3개의 유형으로 분류하고 유형별 스마트 토이 사용 행태 차이를 프로파일링 분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 이후 스마트 토이 사용 행태에 따른 삶의 질 변화 메커니즘을 도출하기 위한 단계적 회귀분석을 수행하였으며, 스마트 토이와의 상호작용, 스마트 토이의 콘텐츠 사용, 스마트 토이가 관찰한 노인의 가정 내 활동 정도가 노인의 우울감 개선과 생활패턴 개선에 미치는 영향 및 이를 중재하는 경로로써 스마트 토이에 대한 사용자의 성능평가와 만족감의 역할을 밝혀내었다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2006

목적: 호주 일 지역의 종합병원을 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 호스피스 자원봉사자들의 특성을 파악하고 이들이 실제 환자들에게 시행하고 있는 활동내용과 그 만족도를 파악하기 위하여 시도하였다. 방법: 101명의 자가보고 질문지에 의해 자료수집되었으며, 자료의 분석은 SPSS/WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 다음과 같이 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차로 분석하였다. 결과: 1. 병원에서의 봉사활동경력은 $5{\sim}10$년이 32.7%, 10년 이상이 30.7%, $2{\sim}3$년이 11.9%, $3{\sim}5$년이 10.9%의 순이었다. 주요 봉사활동 형태는 신체적 간호가 32.7%, 신체 및 정서적 간호가 14.9%, 기타가 18.8%의 순이었다. 봉사업무할당 방법은 봉사활동 조정자에 의해서가 55.7%, 봉사자의 뜻에 따라서와 봉사자와 조정자의 합의에 의해서가 각각 20.5%의 순이었다. 봉사활동을 하는 주요 이유는 아픈 사람을 돕고 싶어서가 61.4%로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 여가시간을 선용하기 위해서가 22.8%였다. 봉사활동을 시작하게 된 경로는 자신의 조사에 의해서가 43.4%로 가장 많았으며, 다음은 다른 봉사자로부터 듣고서가 30.7%, 대중매체로부터가 13.1%의 순이었다. 봉사활동관련 교육을 받은 여부는 받았다가 80.2%였다. 봉사활동업무가 자신의 기술과 기능에 맞는 정도는 아주 잘 맞는다가 74.0%였고, 다음은 대체로 맞는다가 18.0%로 대체로 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났다. 봉사활동에 대해 받는 보상은 토큰이나 점심 혹은 집단 소풍이 31.7%로 가장 많았고, 다음은 토큰과 점심이나 집단 소풍이 각각 19.8%였다. 봉사활동에 대한 평가빈도는 이따금이 37.2%, 자주가 30.9%, 항상이 17.0%, 전혀 안 함이 14.9%의 순이었다. 봉사활동조정자와 관계는 매우 좋다가 85.0%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 다른 봉사자와의 관계는 매우 좋다가 81.2%로 대부분을 차지하였고, 병원직원과의 관계는 매우 좋다가 69.7%였고, 다음은 대체로 좋다가 21.2%의 순이었다. 봉사활동에 대해 가족이나 친구의 지지는 어떠한가는 매우 좋다가 83.2%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 2. 대상자의 자원봉사활동 만족도는 평점 $3.09{\pm}0.49$(도구범위 $1{\sim}4$점)로 중간정도이었다. 영역별로 살펴보았을 때 만족도가 가장 높았던 영역은 사회적 접촉영역($3.48{\pm}0.61$)이었고, 다음은 성취영역($3.43{\pm}0.53$), 사회적 인정영역($3.35{\pm}0.70$)의 순이었다. 만족도가 가장 낮았던 영역은 사회적 교환영역($1.65{\pm}0.63$)이었다. 3. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 봉사활동 만족도를 분석한 결과 성별(t=2.038, P=0.044), 결혼상태(F=3.806, P=0.013)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 대상자의 자원봉사활동 실태에 따른 봉사활동 만족도를 분석한 결과병원봉사활동기간(F=3.326, P=0.008), 봉사활동을 하는 주된 이유(F=2.707, P=0.035), 봉사활동을 위한 교육을 받은 여부(t=-1.982, P=0.050), 봉사활동의 평가 빈도(F=7.877, P=0.000), 봉사활동이 자신의 기술이나 능력에 적합도(F=2.712, P=0.049), 관리자와의 관계(t=-2.517, P=0.013), 다른 병원직원과의 관계(F=5.202, P=0.007), 자원봉사자로서의 활동에 대해 가족이나 친지로부터의 지지(t=-3.394, P=0.001)에 따라 봉사활동 만족도가 유의하게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 자원봉사활동 만족도는 중간정도이었고, 봉사활동 만족도는 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따라서는 성별(t=2.038, P=0.044), 결혼상태(F=3.806, P=0.013)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였고, 자원봉사활동 실태에 따라서는 병원봉사활동기간(F=3.326, P=0.008), 봉사활동을 하는 주된 이유(F=2.707, P=0.035), 봉사활동을 위한 교육을 받은 여부(t=-1.982, P=0.030), 봉사활동의 평가 빈도(F=7.877, P=0.000), 봉사활동이 자신의 기술이나 능력에 적합도(F=2.712, P=0.049), 관리자와의 관계(t=-2.517, P=0.013), 다른 병원직원과의 관계(F=5.202, P=0.007), 자원봉사자로서의 활동에 대해 가족이나 친지로부터의 지지(t=-3.394, P=0.001)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 자원봉사자를 관리할 때에 위의 요인들을 고려할 것이 요구된다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.71-110
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 항공권 예약 발권 웹사이트의 서비스 품질을 측정 뿐만 아니라 서비스 회복도 측정하고자 하였다. 또한 서비스 품질과 서비스 회복이 고객만족 및 충성의도에 미치는 영향관계를 실증하고자 하였다. 온라인 서비스 품질과 온라인 서비스 회복의 측정을 위해 Parasuraman, Zeithaml, & Malhotra(2005)가 개발한 E-S-QUAL과 E-RecS-QUAL을 사용했으며, 했다. E-S-QUAL은 온라인 서비스 품질을 측정하는 도구로써, 효율성, 시스템 이용가능성, 이행성, 프라이버시의 4개 차원 22개 항목으로 구성된다. E-RecS-QUAL은 온라인 서비스 회복을 측정하는 도구로써, 반응, 보상, 접촉의 3개 차원 11개 항목으로 구성된다. 실증분석을 위한 설문조사는 항공사나 여행사의 웹사이트를 통해 국내 외 항공권을 구입해 본 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 실시하였는데, 총 400부가 회수되었고, 이 중 342부를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 실증분석을 위해 AMOS 7.0과 SPSS 15.0을 사용하였다. 먼저, SPSS 15.0을 사용하여, 요인점수를 이용한 회귀분석으로 가설검증을 한 결과, <가설 I-1, 2, 3, 4, II-1, 2, 3, III-1, IV-1>이 전부 채택되었다. 온라인 서비스 품질과 온라인 서비스 회복의 각 차원은 모두 전반적인 서비스 품질에 유의한 영향을 보였고, 전반적인 서비스 품질은 고객만족에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 고객만족 역시 충성의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 AMOS 7.0을 사용하여 모형 분석을 하였는데, 모형의 적합도는 가설검증을 하기에 합당한 수치가 나왔다. 이를 토대로 가설검증을 한 결과, <가설 I-1, 3, II-1, 3, III-1, IV-1>은 채택되었고, <가설 I-2, 4, II-2>는 기각되었다. 이 결과는 Parasuraman et al.(2005)이 주장한 것처럼 E-S-QUAL을 나타내는 데는 요인점수를 이용한 회귀분석이 더 적합하다는 것을 보여주는 것이라고 판단된다. 이를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점을 정리하였다.