• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 1997

In Chinese medicine, the activities of removing and solving the inner cause are called the regimen in preventing the disease and the good condition of mind emphasizes us to practice ourselves the doctrine of regimen of the mind to promote the health and long life of the living body, in other words, it means we should have clean mind, less desire, less thought, less agony and widely open our emotion and will, and it also means the raising of good nature, the moral cultivation, and we can be healthy when we live by good virtus as the root of regiem. The meaning of the Qi has been expanded more and more since its origination throught the process of practice and perception of man. 1) Matter is changed to the smoke when burned, the energy of water becomes the rain in the sky and the rain raises all living creatures by making them wet. Throught these changes of circulation, men could realize the energy to be the common and original matter of forming all the creatures. 2) The direction of showing the breathing of men in and out has been expended. 3) It was widely understood as the meaning of showing vitality of men, and it was the original root of chinese medicine. 4) It was expended to be showing spirit of nature such as the sun, moon, star, sky, land, mountain and the moral spirit of men as peacefullness. By the original meaning of the word of energy expanded to the wider side of sky, land, men and things, nature, society, man and the moral spirit could get the unified basis of the matter. As the above, the word of Qi has been used in wider meaning at this time from the past. In other words, all things in the universe come into being and extinct by the chang of motion of the Qi and it is recognized to be the living activity in human body. The Qi-kong based on this energy and the motion applied to our daily life are very extensive (Lee, Hye - lung, 1997). Here are the summaries of the effect of the Qi-kong ; 1) The physical constitution is strenthened, physiological function is prosperous and we are free from various geriatric disease and psychosomatic disease not to mention the cold and indigestion. 2) It maintains the clear spirit, elevates intelligence, strengthens the spiritual power and demonstrates the potentiality at the amximum. 3) It maintain beautiful figure and clean skin never losing the charm but full of energy and vitality. 4) It keeps the balanced body never suffering from the unbalance of the bones, various and neuralgia. 5) It maintain the spiritual comfort, the natural posture in everything and real happiness (Lee, Hye-Jung, 1997 : Suh, Yong Kyu, 1989). Chinese medicine mentions the motion by Qi with Qi - kong. But the motion does not require special method in Western medicine. I t is the only way of living of our ancestor indaily life. It is maintaining the healthy lifr by training the Qi, and it is the motion of being with the nature with the open mind in breathing rather than artificially restricting our daily life, it is the motion of the body.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

Our society is rapidly changing with the core technology of the 4th industrial revolution, the emergence of a generation with new characteristics, and the untact era following the With Corona policy. Although the transition to untact is accelerating in the field of performing arts, in the case of opera, face-to-face performances are mainly conducted by experts and enthusiasts through on-site performances. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the uncertainty of creating opportunities through the influx of new customers such as the MZ generation and the departure of existing experts and enthusiasts. In this study, in order to examine these existing problems, we conducted literature review and case analysis, compared the opera face-to-face/non-face-to-face performance characteristics, derived an activation plan, and conducted expert interviews to secure the coherence and validity of the plan. In conclusion, we thought that it was difficult to improve the sound and sound quality, impairing the sense of presence and emotion due to many shortcomings when operating non-face-to-face as a music genre with the characteristics of opera. Therefore, we established the direction of activating the opera mainly face-to-face, but making good use of the advantages of non-face-to-face, which is not limited by region and time, and promoting the direction of activating face-to-face and non-face-to-face performances complementary to each other through the concept of cultural enjoyment.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1245-1246
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• 2022

Walkability is an indicator of how much pedestrians are willing to walk and how well a walking environment is created. As walking can promote pedestrians' mental and physical health, there has been increasing focus on improving walkability in different ways. Thus, plenty of research has been undertaken to measure walkability. When measuring walkability, there are many objective and subjective variables. Subjective variables include a feeling of safety, pleasure, or comfort, which can significantly affect perceived walkability. However, these subjective factors are difficult to measure by making the walkability index more reliant on objective and physical factors. Because many subjective variables are associated with human emotional states, understanding pedestrians' emotional states provides an opportunity to measure the subjective walkability variables more quantitatively. Pedestrians' emotions can be examined through surveys, but there are social and economic difficulties involved when conducting surveys. Recently, an increasing number of studies have employed physiological data to measure pedestrians' stress responses when navigating unpleasant environmental barriers on their walking paths. However, studies investigating the emotional states of pedestrians in the walking environment, including assessing their positive emotions felt, such as pleasure, have rarely been conducted. Using wearable devices, this study examined the various emotional states of pedestrians affected by the walking environment. Specifically, this study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring biometric data, such as electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV), using wearable devices as an indicator of pedestrians' emotional states-both pleasant-unpleasant and aroused-relaxed states. To this end, various walking environments with different characteristics were set up to collect and analyze the pedestrians' biometric data. Subsequently, the subjects wearing the wearable devices were allowed to walk on the experimental paths as usual. After the experiment, the valence (i.e., pleasant or unpleasant) and arousal (i.e., activated or relaxed) scale of the pedestrians was identified through a bipolar dimension survey. The survey results were compared with many potentially relevant EDA and HRV signal features. The research results revealed the potential for physiological responses to indicate the pedestrians' emotional states, but further investigation is warranted. The research results were expected to provide a method to measure the subjective factors of walkability by measuring emotions and monitoring pedestrians' positive or negative feelings when walking to improve the walking environment. However, due to the lack of samples and other internal and external factors influencing emotions (which need to be studied further), it cannot be comprehensively concluded that the pedestrians' emotional states were affected by the walking environment.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2023

This study compared the characteristics of scientific emoticons made by general and science-gifted elementary students. To do this, fifth graders (n=53) at a general elementary school in Gyeonggi province and fifth graders (n=35) at a gifted science education institute in Seoul were selected. Scientific emoticons written by the students were compared according to the number and types. Analysis of the results reveal that the science-gifted students made more scientific emoticons than the general students for thirty minutes. In the comparison of the types of scientific emoticons, there were some similarities and significant differences between general students and science-gifted students. Overall, however, it was found that science-gifted students made more various types of scientific emoticons than general students in 'form' aspects (e.g., generative form of text, descriptive form of text, and expressive form of image) and 'information' aspects (e.g., emotion, construction level, excess of curriculum level, scientific disciplines, and use of scientific knowledge) of the texts and the images in the scientific emoticons. The scientific emoticons made by general and science-gifted elementary students included very few misconceptions. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.653-664
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• 2007

This study intends to consider about the food culture during the latterly Chosun Dynasty through the genre paintings which are depicted realistically about the total food life figures for example not only the foods, but also that people who eat and drink the food and eating implements, eating methods. There are 9 pieces of works Kim hong-do's which are the best appraisal on the incorporated Korean emotion and on the real life of general public. Those are selected for this study's characteristics through the literature consideration. The characteristics of the tableware pottery and food culture are following things. The first is a white porcelain's development and popularization. In the latterly Chosun Dynasty period, the development of the agriculture and commerce made been connected to the affluent food cultures, these made increase the porcelain's use of upper classes and these made been connected to the development of the porcelain's cultures. The second is the development of various pottery with a dark brown glaze manufactures. The development of agriculture and economy power made bring the development of the kinds of sauces and Kimchi culture with an inflow of foreign crops and these made making the large an earthenware pot or jar which could store something during the long time. The third is the development of the small dining table on the eating the bread of idleness. In the Chosun dynasty period, the food style was been unified to he eating the bread of idleness and been lowered. These made developed of various small dining table through the underfloor heating system's generalization. The fourth is the development of the spoon with the soup culture. It is the East Asia called that the spoon culture boundary, this show the characteristic that we use the spoon mainly compare with another countries. Finally, it is universal use of the fixed quantitative implements. They could live quantitative life with the scales which are jar of soy sauce, liquor jug, jar, scoop leading a set of tableware.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.325-334
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• 2019

Director Lee Chang Dong said that it is the most important point for revealing the invisible beauty so that the audience could feel the unseen beauty through the . Discussing about how to find beauty that is not only visible but also invisible through the main character Mi-ja from the film, who makes a decision and reactions on her daily life by her perception that are difficult for others to take same. The film tells that how Mi-ja's ideal of a beauty can be taken the role for writing a poetry at the moment of the dead poet society, making a movie in the age of dying emotion and also when it lost fundamental values and about movie media. This study analyzed the performances of the main character Mi-ja in the film, and actress Yoon Jung Hee based on Director Lee Chang Dong's directed performance. The audience will be self-questioning and reflecting their life through the Mi-ja's an unidentifiable characteristic which something that someone cannot say, something that someone cannot express, something that tells something through Mi-ja's poem and actress herself finds the character's feelings.

• Mood & Emotion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2012

Suicide is a complex behavior associated with various neurobiological and psychosocial factors. It is considered that genetic polymorphism combined with environmental stress such as child-adolescent trauma make differences in neurobiological systems, which cause psychiatric disorders or pessimistic personality, impulse-aggressive behaviors, lack of judgment, and finally result in suicidal behavior. Much progress in the neurobiology of suicide has been made over the several decades. There seems to be a hereditary disposition to suicide independent of psychiatric disorder. The changes in neurotransmitters, neurohormones, neurotrophic factors, cytokines, lipid metabolisms related with their genetic polymorphism can contribute to disturbance of signal transductions and neuronal circuits vulnerable to suicide. It is likely that the main factors are dysfunctions of serotonin (5-HT) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Our understanding about the neurobiology of suicide is still limited. However, clinical practice could be assisted by neurobiological findings capable of making the detection of risk populations with higher sensitivity and the development of new treatment interventions. The settlement of biological markers in suicidal behaviors and their relationships is required.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.283-317
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• 2017

Issues over morality and profit usually address relations between moral principles and material gains. In the history of traditional Oriental philosophy, discussions about them were called "Yi-Li zhi bian." The ideas of Confucius and Mencius also contain various discussions about Yi-Li. Both Confucius and Mencius defined Yi as a value concept to represent "natural," "appropriate" or "just" and regarded Yi as an external moral principle on the one hand and an internal moral emotion on the other hand. They had, at the same time, differences, as well. While Confucius placed importance on the external and acquired nature of Yi as a goal of morality, Mencius argued for the internal and innate nature of Yi as the nature of morality partially while recognizing its externality overall. Such Yi is a general term for subjective moral emotions and objective moral principles. Li was a concept of fact to represent "gain," "profit" or "profit-making." Both of them were against private interest and emphasized public interest. As for their differences, Confucius was positive about Li to some degree by saying "One should think of Yi when making profit," whereas Mencius was almost negative about Li and perceived it to be for Yi by saying "One should give up even his own life for Yi." He meant Li's dependence on Yi and also Yi's absoluteness for Ri. Both of them found a mix of opposite features in Yi such as internality and externality, subjectivity and objectivity, specificity and generality, and uniqueness and universality and also in Li such as individuality and specialty and public and private interest. Those features have both disadvantages including theoretical irrationality and logical contradiction and advantages including ideological diversity and conceptual polysemy. If efforts are made to avoid their disadvantages and highlight their advantages, they will provide some elements to consult in the creation of new global ethics required today when East and West are becoming one. In the modern society, the Yi-Li issues can be divided into the issues of morality and economy, personal and social profit, and moral ideal and material gain. If these modern Yi-Li issues are combined with the traditional Yi-Li issues, two paths will emerge over the order of Yi-Li. Of the many perceptions of Yi-Li issues of Confucius and Mencius, the idea of "Yi First, Li Later" can be very useful for creating a new ethics theory to represent "humanism" that we all need today when everyone considers their own pursuit of profit and satisfaction of needs as the best values. Sound Yi-Li relations will be possible only through Yi's orientation toward externality based on internality and Li's pursuit of private interest on the premise of public interest according to the spirit of "Yi First, Li Later."

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.37
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• pp.159-195
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• 2014

An animation film, , is a work that declared a perfect revival of Disney. It is considered that the success was the result of its impressive theme song and characters working influentially. The main characters let audience experience empathy as well as catharsis by building the image of women making their own future without relying on men, and among the characters, Elsa is still popular even if one year has passed since its premiere in Korea. In the narrative genre, the character's degree of completion is regarded to be so important that it can even determine the work's success or failure. Accordingly, to analyze the personality structure among the major components of character rising, this study focuses on the psychodynamics of fear and desire which determines the directions of thought or behavior. Fear is the emotion attributed not to a real threat but to an ominous assumption about the future. Because fear that is originated from the memory of any deficit or suppression distorts our sound needs, escaping from fear means facing the reality. To verify the unique psychodynamics of the characters, the researcher analyzed the hierarchy of their attitudes, psychological dispositions, and psychic functions by using 'MBTI Personality Typology'. According to the results, (1) Elsa and Anna are in a conflicting relationship in terms of psychic functions. Although they are the combination that shows the highest possibility of conflict, the two sisters overcome it basically grounded on fellowship and family love. (2) Although Hans and Kristoff, too, are against each other in terms of psychic functions, the two male characters do not interact with each other in the work. (3) Hans is a person equipped with psychic functions that can complement both Elsa and Anna the most effectively, but he abuses it and turns into the most fatal opponent to them. (4) Olaf is a type of person combining Anna's attitudes with Elsa's psychological dispositions. And according to the results of analyzing the frequency of expressing fear and desire, (1) Elsa employs overwhelming fear and Anna and others characters use desire as the major drive of their behavior. (2) Fear is the underlying deficit internalized in every character and is attributed to 'the deficit of family love', and as a result, they all share the pain of 'loneliness and isolation'. It is thought that analyzing psychodynamics will help us understand the character's growth tale, that is, the narration that they distort their desire for the first motive to avoid fear and end up being ruled by it, and also, they realize the underlying reason for the distorted desire in the process of getting rid of their own fear and reach self-healing. Lastly, regarding character rising in the animation, it is expected that the directions and analysis results of this research will be referred to as a database in creating characters and setting up relations among them.