• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2017

This study aimed to suggest priority for developing emission factor (EF) and to develop the methodology of quantitative assessment of EF in the forestry sector. Based on the stock-difference method, 17 kinds of EFs (27 EFs based on forest types) were required to calculate the carbon emission in the forestry sector. Priority for developing EFs followed the standards, which is a development plan by the government agency, importance of carbon stock for greenhouse gas, and EFs by the species. Currently, the most urgent development of EFs was carbon fraction in biomass and carbon stock in dead wood. Meanwhile, the quantitative assessment of EF consisted of 7 categories (5 categories of compulsory and 2 categories of quality evaluation) and 12 verification factors. Category in compulsory verification consisted of administrative document, determination methodology of emission factors, emission characteristic, accuracy of measurement and analysis, and data representative. Category in quality evaluation consisted of data management and uncertainty estimates. Based on the importance of factors in the verification process, each factor was scored separately, however, the score needs to be coordinated by the government agency. These results would help build a reliable and accurate greenhouse gas inventory report of Korea.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2017

According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all parties have to submit the national GHG inventory report. Estimating carbon stocks and changes in Land Use, Land-Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF) needs an activity data and emission factors. So this study was conducted to develop carbon emission factor for Robinia pseudoacacia L., Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Liriodendron tulipifera. As a result, the basic wood density ($g/cm_3$) was 0.64 for R. pseudoacacia, 0.55 for B. platyphylla, and 0.46 for L. tulipifera. Biomass expansion factor was 1.47 for R. pseudoacacia, 1.30 for B. platyphylla, and 1.24 for L. tulipifera. Root to shoot ratio was 0.48 for R. pseudoacacia, 0.29 for B. platyphylla, and 0.23 for L. tulipifera. Uncertainty of estimated emission factors on three species ranged from 3.39% to 27.43% within recommended value (30%) by IPCC. We calculated carbon stock and change using these emission factors. Three species stored carbon in forest and net $CO_2$ removal was $1,255,398\;t\;CO_2/yr$ during 5 years. So we concluded that our result could be used as emission factors for national GHG inventory report on forest sector.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.299-300
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• 2003

국내에서 악취와 관련된 연구는 대부분 실태 파악 수준에 머물러 있으며, 악취발생원의 효율적인 관리에 필요한 배출원 inventory 작성 및 악취물질의 배출계수 개발과 관련된 연구는 거의 없거나 매우 초보적인 단계에 있는 실정이다 생활악취 배출원의 악취물질 inventory는 악취물질의 평가 및 관리방안과 같은 악취관리정책에 없어서는 안될 중요한 기초자료이며, 악취물질의 배출량 산정 및 배출원 특성의 파악을 위해서는 배출계수의 조사가 이루어져야 한다. (중략)

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

기후변화협약은 인류의 활동에 의해 발생되는 위험하고 인위적인 영향이 기후 시스템에 미치지 않도록 대기 중 온실가스의 농도를 안정시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 기후변화협약에 대응하기 위하여 산업시설의 온실가스 배출원, 배출량 산정지침, 배출량 산정 가이드라인 등의 모니터링 대상을 설정하고 IPTV 기술을 접목하여 장소에 구애받지 않고 실시간으로 감시, 제어할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하는 데 필요한 모형을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문은 온실가스 인벤트리 모니터링 시스템을 구현하는데 하나의 기준으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

International Maritime Organization (IMO) proposed the Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator (EEOI) in 2005 and the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) in 2008 so as to address emission concern and regulation. Likewise, Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) monitoring and management are also becoming an issue lately. This paper introduces the energy efficiency design index (operation indicator) monitoring system (EDiMS) software can continuously monitor $CO_2$, $NO_x$, $SO_x$, and PM values emitted from ship. The accurate inventory of ships GHG can be obtained from base of emission result during the engine shop test trial and the actual monitoring of shaft power and ship speed. In addition, the ability to store all exhaust emission and engine operation data can be applied as the useful tool of the inventory work of air pollution and ship energy management plan for the mitigation or reduction of ship emissions.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.266-276
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• 2017

A life cycle impact assessment was applied in an industrial waste incineration plant to evaluate the direct and indirect environmental impacts based on toxicity and non-toxicity categories. The detailed life cycle inventory of material and energy inputs and emission outputs was compiled based on the realistic data collected from a local industrial waste incineration plant, and the Korean life cycle inventory and ecoinvent database. The functional unit was the treatment of 1 tonne of industrial waste by incineration and the system boundary included the incineration plant and landfilling of ash. The result on the variation of the impact by the unit processes showed that the direct impact was decreased by 79.3, 71.6, and 90.1% for the processes in a semi dry reactor, bag filter, and wet scrubber, respectively. Considering the final impact produced from stack, the toxicity categories comprised 91.7% of the total impact. Among the toxicity impact categories, the impact in the eco-toxicity category was most significant. A separate estimation of the impact due to direct and indirect emissions showed that the direct impact was 97.7% of the total impact. The steam recovered from the waste heat of the incineration plant resulted in a negative environmental burden.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2019

In pursuing carbon emission reduction efforts, companies have focused for the most part on reducing emissions due to the more efficient equipment and facilities. However they overlook a significant source of carbon emissions, one that is driven by operational policies. Currently companies are looking for solutions to reduce carbon emissions associated with their operations. Operational adjustments, such as modifications in order quantities could an effective way in reducing carbon emissions in the supply chain. Also, Cap-and-Trade mechanism is generally accepted as on of the most effective market-based mechanism to reduce carbon emissions. In this paper, we investigate a supply chain with single manufacturer and multiple retailers multi-product inventory model under the cap-and-trade system incorporating the carbon emissions caused by transportation and warehousing activities. Also, we provide an iterative solution algorithm and derive the common order interval and the number of intervals for each product. We show by numerical example that the inventory model incorporating cap & trade mechanism can reduce total cost and carbon emissions compared to the classical inventory model. Using the numerical examples, we also investigates different carbon price on the performance of the inventory model.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2005

Source contribution for VOCs collected in Seoul metropolitan area was conducted using PAMs (Photochemical assessment monitoring system) data and CMB(Chemical Mass Balance) model8.0, in order to estimate spatial and temporal variations of VOCs source contribution in that area, and also to compare with corresponding emission inventory. VOCs data used in model calculation were collected at 6 different sites of PAMs(Seokmori, Guwoldong, Simgokdong, Bulgwangdong, Jeongdong and Yangpyeong) and 22 out of 56 VOCs species were analyzed from June 2002 to march 2003 and used for CMB model estimation. The result showed that vehicle exhaust, coating and energy combustion were important sources of VOCs in Seoul metropolitan area, averaging 32.6%, 25.5% and 25.1%, respectively. In this study as well as other references, it was revealed that vehicle exhaust is the main contributor of urban area VOCs, but there is remarkable contrast between emission inventory and model estimation. Vehicle exhaust portion is seriously underestimated while coating is usually overestimated in emission estimates, compared to CMB results. Therefore, it is considered to assert and confirm the uncertainty of emission estimates and clarify the distinction between two other source apportionment methods.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the emission characteristics for PM, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ in the various stationary sources. The particulate matters collected in the various stationary sources such as power plants (Coal and B-C oil), incinerators(municipal and industrial waste), and glass furnaces. The PM and $PM_{10}$, PM and $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected using the cyclone type $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ samplers and 30 species(19 inorganic species, 9 ionic species, OC and EC) were analyzed by ICP, IC, and TOR/IMPROVE methods. The mass concentrations of PM, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ from nine stationary sources ranged $0.63{\sim}9.58mg/Sm^3$, $0.26{\sim}7.47mg/Sm^3$ and $0.13{\sim}6.34mg/Sm^3$, respectively. The level of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ portion in PM calculated 0.63~0.99, 0.38~0.94, respectively. In the case of emission trend for species, power plant showed high concentrations for Al, Mg, Na, Si, V and $SO_4{^{2-}}$, respectively. Also, Ca, Fe, K, Si, $Cl^-$, and $K^+$ showed high in incinerator. In the case of glass furnace, Na, Pb, K, Si, $Na^+$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ represented high concentrations. Power plant showed higher EC/OC concentrations than other sampling sites. These results suggest the possible role for complement establishment process of emission inventory and emission management for PM.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.694-702
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• 2014

국가 온실가스를 산정, 보고, 검정을 관장하는 온실가스종합정보센터가 2010년에 출범된 후, 주요 업무의 집합체인 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 보고서가 2012년부터 해마다 발간되었다. 보고서에는 부문별 온실가스 배출량 및 불확도가 보고되고 있지만, 대부분의 부문에서 불확도의 기입은 단순히 IPCC 가이드라인의 기본값으로 대체되고 있는 실정이다. IPCC 가이드라인은 부문별 온실가스 배출량을 산정함에 있어 Tier 수준에 따른 구체적인 산정식을 제시하고 있지만, 불확도의 경우 확률밀도함수 추정 또는 몬테카를로 방법 등을 적용한 국가고유 방법론의 개발을 권고하고 있다. 도로교통부문도 배출량이 Tier 1수준으로 산정되고 있지만 불확도는 보고되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 도로교통부문에서 일반자가용자동차대형을 대상으로 활동자료인 연간 주행거리, 연비 그리고 배출계수를 이용하여 연간 배출량을 산정하는데 국한하지 않고 불확도 산정에 적용되는 여러 통계적 기법 중에 한 가지인 붓스트랩 및 몬테카를로 방법을 소개하는데 있다.