• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2014

$CO_2$ emission factor for earthwork equipment was made based on fuel consumption quantity using IPCC carbon emission factor. This is presented through the carbon emission estimating guideline each facilities by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation in 2011. However, this method has the defect which don't apply the various condition of site. Therefor it needs the new emission factor supplemented these defects. This study will tries to estimate $CO_2$ emission with the direct measurement method using concentration flow velocity measurement (C-FVM) for earth work equipment and present the new $CO_2$ emission factor for earth work equipment after compare with emission factor of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.423-434
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop for the emission factor of greenhouse gas (GHG) from medium and smallscaled incineration facility using RPF which is considering as a part of renewable energy in UNFCC. The actual concentration of the exhaust gas and the fuel composition of RPF were measured for the calculation of GHG emission factor in RPF incinerators, and were compared with the IPCC guideline. The $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emission factors by the actual concentration of exhaust gas were $2.3575{\pm}1.0070tCO_2/tRPF$ and $0.0014{\pm}0.0014tN_2O/tRPF$ respectively. Also, $CO_2$ emission factor by the RPF composition was $2.7057{\pm}0.0540tCO_2/tRPF$. The GHG emission factor per energy by the actual concentration was $83.0867{\pm}26.0346tCO_2e/TJ$ which showed higher consistency with the GHG emission factor ($80.3967tCO_2e/TJ$) of waste plastic in the IPCC guideline (2006b). The $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emission factor calculated in this study is considered as a meaningful data for GHG emission factor of RPF incineration facility because of not being developed in ROK.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to suggest the methodology of $CO_2$ Emission Factor Verification and Quantitative Assessment in Ethylene Product Processes. At first, this study compare the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 1996 Guideline and 2006 Guideline. And analyse methodology for estimating $CO_2$ emission and $CO_2$ emission factor in Ethylene product process. Also analyse cases of estimating $CO_2$ emission factor based on material balance. Methodology of $CO_2$ Emission Factor Verification and Quantitative Assessment are following the categories proposed by GIR (Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center). There are total 12 factors in 8 categories and give 5 or 10 points according to their importance. Also this study suggests necessary data of document to meet the conditions. The result would help estimate accuracy Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Also contribute to establish policy on environmental assessment, air conservation, etc.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1675-1682
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• 2013

To resolve the Global Warming problem, it have to reduce $CO_2$ emission. Korea need to do actively more the effort to reduce the emission because $CO_2$ emission per person is top level in the world. It is performing variously. However, we should recognize the $CO_2$ emission attribute to decrease $CO_2$. Analyzing $CO_2$ emission of the construction equipment is important in this aspect. Present, the most popular $CO_2$ emission measuring method is the way using fuel consumption and emission factor. But this method have the problem of reliability because can't reflect the factor being out of proportion at fuel consumption. This study analyzed the reason of difference and compared to the emission factor method after calculate $CO_2$ emission in direct measurement method.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.204-208
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• 2013

CO2 emission makes up more than 80% of whole green gas. Therefore CO2 is recognized as the main culprit of global warming. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is advising the 3 methods measuring CO2 emission. TIER1 is measured CO2 emission by criteria the energy consumption, TIER2 measure by criteria the emission factor according to the emission control technique each kind of vehicle, TIER3 is measured by criteria the distance each kind of vehicle. Currently, the most of CO2 emission measurement is used by TIER1. But it is not standardized that CO2 emission measurement method have the factor as work condition each distance. Specially, it is not suggest that methodology has the condition changing load of equipment according to site condition and the same position work as construction equipment. So, this study is suggested the CO2 emission measurement methodology of construction equipment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

The power plants are one of the GHG major source among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion, therefore information of its emission factors is very essential to the establishing control strategies for the greenhouse gas emissions. The $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ concentration from power plants were measured using GC-FID and GC-ECD. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was 0.33 kg/TJ and $N_2O$ emission factor was 0.88 kg/TJ. The $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission factors developed in this study were compared with those for IPCC default value and other countries emission factors. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was lower than IPCC default value and Finnish emission factor, but higher than Japanese emission factor. $N_2O$ emission factor was higher Japanese emission factor and IPCC default emission factor however lower than Finnish emission factor. More research is needed on our own emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position in international negotiations regarding the treaties on climate changes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2007

Since the Kyoto Protocol became into effect, Korea has been expected to be part of the Annex I countries performing the duty of GHG reduction in the phase of post-Kyoto. Therefore, it is necessary to develop emission factors appropriate to Korean circumstances. In order to develop emission factors this study utilized the CleanSYS, which is the real-time monitoring system for industrial smoke stacks to calculate the emission rate of $CO_2$ continuously. In this study, the main focus was on the power generation plants emitting the largest amount of $CO_2$ among the sectors of fossil fuel combustion. Also, an examination on the comparison of $CO_2$ emission was made among 3 generation plants using the different types of fuels such as bituminous coal and LNG; one for coal and others for LNG. The $CO_2$ concentration of the coal fired plant showed Ave. 13.85 %(10,384 ton/day). The LNG fired plants showed 3.16 %(1,031 ton/day) and 3.19 %(1,209 ton/day), respectably. Consequently, by calculating the emission factors using the above results, it was found that the bituminous coal fired power plant had the $CO_2$ emission factor average of 88,726 kg/TJ, and the LNG fired power plants had the $CO_2$ average emission factors of 56,971 kg/TJ and 55,012 kg/TJ respectably which were similar to the IPCC emission factor.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

The main purpose of this study was to develop the greenhouse gas emission factor for power plant using sub-bituminous coal. In Korea, Fired power plant are a major source of greenhouse gases within the fossil fuel combustion sectors, thus the development of emission factors is necessary to understand the characteristics of the national specific greenhouse gas emission and to develop nation specific emission factors. These emission factors were derived from the $CO_2$ concentrations measurement from stack and fuel analysis of sub-bituminous coal. Caloric value of sub-bituminous coal used in the power plants were 5,264 (as received basis), 5,936 (air-dried basis) and 6,575 kcal/kg (dry basis). The C emission factors by fuel analysis and $CO_2$ concentration measurement was estimated to be 26.7(${\pm}0.9$), 26.3(${\pm}2.8$)tC/MJ, respectively. Our estimates of C emission factors were comparable with IPCC default value.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.158-168
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• 2007

The cement industry is one of the energy intensive industries such as petrochemical and steel industry. The energy efficiency of cement industry is high comparing to oversea's cement industries due to the enforcement of energy conservation policies. The purpose of this study is estimate emission factors for greenhouse gas ($CO_{2}$) in cement industry. The results of field study, quicklime contained quantity of five factories were $0.64{\sim}0.65$. Measurement emission (15,382 ton/day) is 40% higher than process emission (8,929 ton/day) on the IPCC Guidelines (1996). Add to combustion emission on the lines of IPCC Guidelines (1996) is similar to the emission of this study. The emission factor of greenhouse gas ($CO_{2}$) were as follows the emission factor between $9.01E-01{\sim}2.15E-01\;ton/ton$ for $CO_{2}$. The result of this study is higher than emission factor of IPCC (0.51) but it is similar to U.S. EPA's (0.952).

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

In this study, Non-$CO_2$ emission factors were estimated for the coal briquette boiler, which is the Korean heating system. As a result, the $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission factors of the coal briquette boiler were estimated to be $11.76gCH_4/TJ$ and $7.44kgN_2O/TJ$, respectively. The results showed that $CH_4$ emission factor was 12 times and $N_2O$ emission factor was 5 times higher than IPCC default value. Also the emission factors developed in this study were compared with a precedent study. The results indicated that were similar to open the air inlet of coal briquette stove because the combustion condition of this study was similar to that of coal briquette stove.