• Title/Summary/Keyword: Emission cost

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Bar-to-bar similar friction welding of hydraulic or pneumatic value spools and AE evaluation (유공압 밸브스풀용 강재의 봉대봉 동종재 마찰용접과 AE 평가)

  • 오세규;장지훈;전태언;박형동;유인종
    • Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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    • 1995.04a
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    • pp.118-122
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    • 1995
  • The hydraulic or pneumatic valve spools become essential as the important components on the production of automatic hydraulic or pneumatic machinaries as mechanical industry is developed rapidly. The machining precision is asked for manufacturing the valve spools. They could be unstable in the quality by the conventional arc welding and they have a lot of technical problems in manufacturing because their shapes are generally small. By the Precision casting process such as lost wax process, the production cost will be increased. But by the friction welding technique, they will be able to be made without such problems. Furthermore, there is a few study on friction welding of such hydraulic valve spool steels and in-process real-time weld quality evaluation technique by acoustic emission. So that, the final purpose of this study is 1) the development of design and manufacturing technique of hydraulic or pneumatic valve spool by optimizing of friction welding, and 2) the development of in-process real-time weld quality evaluation technique by acoustic emission.

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Structural Characteristics of Multilayer Piezoelectric Transformer According to Designs of Internal Electrode (적층형 압전 변압기의 내부전극에 따른 구조적 특성)

  • 임인호;박종주;정회승;이영희
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.898-903
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    • 2001
  • In this study, we investigated amounts, distributions and sizes of pores of multilayer piezoelectric transformer, and predicted heat emission property and electrical characteristics according to designs of internal electrode. Forming densities of device having MLC, fingered and full filled internal electrode structure were 4.73 g/㎤, 4.80 g/㎤, 4.82 g/㎤ and forming porosities were 17.3737%, 13.1475%, 12.6121%, respectively. And sintered densities of MLC structured, fingered and full filled devices were 7.76 g/㎤, 7.75 g/㎤, 7.84 g/㎤ and sintered porosities were 4.0967%, 2.7132%, 2.5317%, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that fingered and full fi1led internal electrode devices, expecially, fingered internal electrode devices had cost-effective effect and maximum poling effect due to higher sintered density and lower porosity than MLC structured device. Also we can predict that they have an effect on good heat emission and high output properties of multilayer piezoelectric transformer.

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A Study on the Dielectric Barrier Discharges Plasmas of Flat Atmospheric Pressure Using an AC Pulse Voltage (교류 펄스 전압을 이용한 평판형 대기압 유전격벽방전 플라즈마의 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jong-Bong;Ha, Chang-Seung;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Lee, Ho-Jun;Lee, Hae-June
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.61 no.5
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    • pp.717-720
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    • 2012
  • Various types of dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) devices have been developed for diverse applications for the last decade. In this study, a flat non-thermal DBD micro plasma source under atmospheric pressure has been developed. The flat-panel type plasma is generated by bipolar pulse voltages, and driving gas is air. In this study, the plasma source was investigated with intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) images and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). The micro discharges are generated on the crossed electrodes. For theoretical analysis, 2-dimensional fluid simulation was performed. The plasma source can be driven in air, and thus the operation cost is low and the range of application is wide.

Development of Scent Display Device using Micro-pore Piezo Actuator (마이크로 다공성 압전 진동자를 이용한 발향장치 설계)

  • Lee, Young-Joon;Lim, Seung-Ju;Kim, Min-Ku;Lee, Hae-Lyong;Kim, Jeong-Do
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.399-405
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    • 2016
  • Scent diffuser using micro-pore piezo actuator achieved a commercial success because of its cheap production cost, but it is easy to be use for IT-based contents due to difficulty of scent intensity control. To solve this problem, we control the emission amount of scent diffuser by changing amplitude and frequency of input voltage applied to micro-pore piezo actuator. And, we analyzed the effect of density of cotton core on emission amount and a relationship between hole-size of mesh in piezo actuator and viscosity of scents to design a mechanically optimal scent device.

New design and its characteristics of full color anode panel for field emission display

  • Han, J.I.;Park, S.K.;Kim, W.K.;Kwak, M.G.
    • Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.90-94
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    • 1999
  • Field Emission display (FEDs) require enhancement in both driving methods and process techniques to improve the display image quality. However, from the point of view of manufacturing, it is difficult to find methods and techniques to realize low cost manufacturing. New and simple color phosphor screen designs were suggested with non-crossed electrode lines and full color anode panels for small area displays were demonstrated. To avoid unwanted reaction with gases produced from phosphors in a high vacuum glass container, a very thin polyimide layer was coated on the phosphor screen. Moreover, to improve the display image quality, black matrix composed of inorganic materials was fabricated. This paper describes the performance and characteristics of the new full color anode panels.

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Influence of Biomass Co-firing on a Domestic Pulverized Coal Power Plant In Terms of CO2 Abatement and Economical Feasibility (다양한 바이오매스 혼소시 국내 미분탄화력에 미치는 이산화탄소 감축 및 경제성 영향 분석)

  • Kim, Taehyun;Yang, Won
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.14-22
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    • 2017
  • Co-firing of renewable fuel in coal fired boilers is an attractive option to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions, since it is a relatively low cost option for efficiently converting renewable fuel to electricity by adding biomass as partial substitute of coal. However, it would cause reducing plant efficiency and operational flexibility, and increasing operation and capital cost associated with handling and firing equipment of renewable fuels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biomass co-firing on $CO_2$ emission and capital/operating cost. Wood pellet, PKS (palm kernel shell), EFB (empty fruit bunch) and sludge are considered as renewable fuels for co-firing with coal. Several approaches by the co-firing ratio are chosen from previous plant demonstrations and commercial co-firing operation, and they are evaluated and discussed for $CO_2$ reduction and cost estimation.

Optimal Design of Cogeneration System for General Facilities Considering LCC Analysis (LCC 분석을 고려한 일반 시설물에서 소형열병합발전의 최적 설계)

  • Kang, Yul-Ho;Ku, Bon-Cheol;Hwang, Yu-Jin;Song, Jae-Do;Cheong, Seong-Ir;Lee, Jae-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.21 no.8
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    • pp.439-447
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    • 2009
  • Cogeneration system produces power as well as heat recovered from waste heat during power generation process. This system has higher energy efficiency than that of the power plant. In this study the optimal design for the cogeneration system with the increase of the capacity considering life cycle cost(LCC) analysis has been performed in the general facilities such as hotels and hospitals under the assumption of electricity cost of 95 won/kWh, the initial cost of cogeneration system of 1,500,000 won!kW and the value of 0.5${\sim}$1.0 in the ratio of heat to power. The optimal ratio of cogeneration capacity divided by average electricity load of facility was found out more than 0.5 in case of electricity cost with the increase of>30%, and the percentage of $CO_2$ reduction was about 9%. The most important factors in the economic analysis of cogeneration system was found out the electrity cost and the initial cost of cogeneration system. Also the ratio of heat to power at the value of>0.5 was not affected in the economy of cogeneration system, but was very important in the $CO_2$ reduction.

Estimating the Compliance Cost of the Power and Energy Sector in Korea during the First Phase of the Emissions Trading Scheme (발전·에너지업종의 배출권거래제 제1차 계획기간 배출권 구입비용 추정과 전력시장 반응)

  • Lee, Sanglim;Lee, Jiwoong;Lee, Yoon
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.377-401
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    • 2016
  • This study analyzes how much cost the power generation and energy sector in South Korea have to bear due to the introduction of emissions trading scheme during 2016 - 2017. To this end, the data on the seventh basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand is applied to the electricity market simulation model called M-Core, and then the model forecasts carbon dioxide emissions to compare with the free emission allowances in the first national emissions permit allocation plan. The main results are as follows. Carbon dioxide emissions are estimated to be less in 2016 but more than the free emission allowances in 2017. When the price of the allowances is changed from \10,000/ton to \20,000/ton, the cost of purchasing the allowances is ranged from \70 billion to \140 billion. Under the assumption that CO2 cost is incorporated into the variable cost, a reversal of merit order between coal and LNG generation takes place when the price of the allowances exceeds \80,000/ton.

Water-Environment-Economic nexus analysis of household food waste impacts: A case study of Korean households

  • Adelodun, Bashir;Cho, Gun Ho;Kim, Sang Hyun;Odey, Golden;Choi, Kyung Sook
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2021.06a
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    • pp.148-149
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    • 2021
  • Food waste has increasingly become a global issue of concern among the researchers and policymakers due to its significant environmental and economic impacts, and other associated unsustainable use of resources, including water resources. While food wastage occurs at each stage of the supply chain with food loss at the upstream and food waste at the downstream, the impacts of food waste occurring at the consumption side are enormous due to the accumulated added values. In this study, the embedded water resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic loss of household food waste were investigated. The primary granular data of household food waste was collected through direct sampling from 218 selected households of the Buk-gu community in Daegu, South Korea from July 2019 to May 2020. The water footprint, which was based on the water footprint concept, i.e., indirect water use, and GHG emission potential factor for each of the food items were adopted from the literature, while the retail prices and disposal cost were used to assess the economic cost of wasted food items. The water footprint, GHG emission associated with environmental impacts, and the economic cost of 42 major identified wasted food items were conducted. The findings showed that an average of 0.73 ± 0.06 kg/household/day edible food waste was generated among the sampled households, with leafy vegetable, watermelon, and rice responsible for 10, 9, and 4%, respectively, of the total weight of the 42 food wasted items. The water footprint and environmental impact of the household food waste resulted in 0.46 ± 0.04 m3 and 0.71±0.05 kg CO2eq, respectively. Beef, pork, poultry, and rice accounted for 52, 9, 5, and 4% of the total water footprint, while beef, pork, rice, tofu/cheese had 52, 8, 6, and 6% of the total emissions, respectively, embedded in the food wasted. Furthermore, the average estimated economic cost associated with wasted food items was 3855.93±527.27 Korean won, with beef, fish, and leafy vegetable responsible for 21, 13, and 10%, respectively, of the total economic cost. A combined assessment using water-environmental-economic nexus indicated that animal-based food had the highest footprint impacts, with beef, pork, and poultry indicating high indices of 0.3, 0.08, and 0.06 respectively, on a scale of 0 to 1, compared to corn and lettuce with lowest impacts of 0.02. Other food items had moderate impact values ranging from 0.03 to 0.05. This study, therefore, provides insight into the enormity of environmental and economic implications of household food waste among Korean households.

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Cost Savings Effect of Internal Emission Trading in US Coal-Fired Electric Power Industry (석탄발전소(石炭發電所)에 대(對)한 배출권(排出權) 내부거래(內部去來)의 비용절감효과(費用節減效果))

  • Lee, Myeong-Heon
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 1999
  • 배출권거래제도의 비용절감효과를 분석함에 있어 요소간 대체가능성 등 외부환경 변화에 대한 기업의 적응도를 반영하지 않은 공학적 추정치는 그 신뢰성에 한계가 있다. 또한 경제학적 분석방식을 시도한 연구의 대부분이 외부거래만을 대상으로 해온 반면에 거래실적의 다수를 차지하고 있는 내부거래에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 Gollop and Roberts (1985)의 경제학적 추정모형을 이용하여 미국 석탄발전소를 대상으로 $SO_2$ 배출권에 대한 내부거래의 비용절감정도를 측정한 후 효과의 크기 변에서 외부거래와의 차이를 규명하고자 한다.

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