• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

According to the increasing concern on the global environment, the $CO_2$ regulation has been discussed including automobile emission regulation. In order to cope with this rapid changing circumstances, the development of an ultra low emission and super fuel economy automobile is essential. Direct injection LPG engine is the one of the possible future engine to maximize the engine efficiency. This experimental study for the development of direct injection LPG engine technology is promoted with two parts; spray characteristics of high pressure swirl injector, and performance characteristics of direct injection LPG engine. Engine characteristics according to the fuel was analyzed in order to establish stratified combustion technology for LPG engine by using the DISI engine. In the engine experiment, control system was manufactured for gasoline and LPG fuel. The engine was modified 2,000 cc GDI engine (fuel supply device, fuel injection device). Through this experiment, engine operating condition, engine speed and spark timing (MBT), fuel injection position, and fuel rate were investigated.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2018

Since September 2017, a small diesel vehicle certification test mode has been enhanced from NEDC to WLTC. The main reason for the change of the certification test mode is that the certification test mode of the emission control standard of the diesel vehicle does not sufficiently reflect various driving patterns of the actual roads. Several automakers have developed after-treatment systems such as LNT, SCR, and DPF to meet enhanced emissions regulations. In this study, four small diesel cars were selected for sale in Korea, and the exhaust gas measurement test was performed in the WLTC mode, which reflects the driving characteristics of the actual roads. As a result of test, LNT vehicle exceeded Euro 6 NOx regulation and SCR vehicle satisfied Euro 6 NOx regulation. In addition, both LNT and SCR systems showed high NOX emission characteristics due to speed, RPA and Vxa. For the PN, all test vehicles were fitted with a DPF and met the Euro 6 PN regulations, with similar PN emissions results in LNT and SCR system.

• 청정기술
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 온실가스 배출량 저감을 위한 다양한 활동을 하고 있다. 국가별로는 UN에 개별 국가별 계획을 제출하기로 합의했으며, 기후변화와 관련한 제도를 운영하고 있다. 또한 기업들은 자체적으로 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법론 개발을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 환경영향 감축 효과를 산정하기 위한 방법론의 사전 연구를 수행하였고, 국제적, 국가별, 기업별로 구분하였다. 환경영향 감축 효과는 자동차 언더커버 제품과 유니소재화 제품에 적용하여 비교, 분석하였다. 제품 환경 발자국 감축 평가 방법에 따라 차이가 크게 나타났으며, 주요 원인으로는 시스템 경계의 차이, 데이터 수집 범위, 기존제품 대체량 설정 기준의 차이이다. 방법론별 결과값에 차이가 발생하기 때문에 이해관계자는 제품 환경발자국 감축 결과에 신뢰하지 못하고 있다. 이에 이해관계자가 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 수준의 제품 환경발자국 산정 방법론을 상세히 공개하도록 해야 한다. 장기적으로는 제품 발자국 평가방법의 표준화로 감축 결과에 대한 비교가 가능하게 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

국내 외에서 대기 오염에 대한 관심은 높은 편이며, 자동차 및 연료 연구자들은 깨끗한 (친환경 대체연료) 연료와 연료 품질에 맞춘 새로운 엔진 설계의 구성, 혁신적인 후처리 시스템 등의 접근을 통하여 차량의 배기가스 배출을 줄이려고 노력하고 있다. 이러한 연구는 다음과 같은 다양한 주요 이슈를 가져오게 된다. PM 배출량이 디젤과 가솔린 차량에 대해 규제해야 하는지 여부와 가솔린 및 LPG 차량이 PM 배출가스 규제에서 무시될 수 있는지 여부이다. 마지막으로 온실 가스 규제가 자동차 배출 규제를 포함하여 논의 것 등이다. 자동차의 온실 가스 및 배출가스는 경오염, 건강 악영향 등의 원인으로 많은 문제점을 일으키게 된다. 다양한 차량 시험모드 및 환경조건에 기초하여, 본 논문에서는 배출가스와 온실가스에 대한 LPG 차량의 특성을 논의하였다. 또한 본 논문은 시험 온도에 대한 배출가스 특성을 평가하였다. 이때의 시험온도는 시험모드 상의 온도와 국내 겨울철 최저온도를 기준으로 나누어서 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 시험모드 및 환경조건, 배출가스, 온실가스의 상관관계를 분석하고자 하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2018

As increase the number of vehicles, the issue of greenhouse gas that was emitted by them became important. As a result, greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations are being strengthened and efforts are being actively made to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the automotive industry. In the other hand, regulations for harmful emission of vehicles have been reinforced by step. Especially, the lastly applied step, so called Euro 6, not only decreased NOx limit down to half of Euro 5 but also introduced real driving emission limit for NOx and PN. It is a challenge for manufacturers to meet the recent GHG regulation as well as the latest emission regulation. To overcome these regulations a De-NOx after-treatment system is being applied to diesel vehicles that are known emitting the lowest GHG among conventional internal combustion engines. At the time of the introduction of Euro 6 emission standard in Korea, in the domestic fuel economy certification test, some diesel vehicles emitted more $CH_4$ than Euro 5 vehicles. As a result, it was confirmed that LNT-equipped vehicles emitted a high level $CH_4$ and the level exceeded the US emission standard. In order to determine the reason, various prior literature was investigated. However, it was difficult to find a detailed study on the methane increase with LNT. In this paper, to determine whether the characteristics of vehicles equipped with LNT the affects the above issue and other greenhouse gases, 6 passenger cars were tested on several emission test modes and ambient temperatures with a environment chamber chassis dynamometer. 2 cars of these were equipped with LNT only, other 2 cars had SCR only, and LNT + SCR were applied to remaining 2 cars. The test result shown that the vehicles equipped with LNT emitted more $CH_4$ than the vehicles with SCR only. Also, $CH_4$ tended to increase as the higher acceleration of the test mode. However, as the test temperature decreases, $CH_4$ tended to decreased. $CO_2$ was not affected by kinds of De-NOx device but characteristic of the test modes.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2019

From 2019 onwards, more stringent regulations (from Stage 4 to Stage 5) are to be implemented in Europe in order to reduce the air pollutant emissions. In South Korea, the government authorities started to make new regulation to meet the European regulation. As a first step, the air pollutant emissions such as CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, VOC, $NH_3$ by agricultural machinery were analyzed based on CAPSS inventory along with the analysis in the general aspect in this study. Three levels of analysis was conducted each in agricultural machinery aspect along with in the general aspect. Per agricultural tractor, all kinds of the air pollutant emissions decreased by 25, 25, 99, 25, 25, 25, 25% for the CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, $PM_{10}$, VOC, $NH_3$ emissions each from the year 2000 to the year 2014. Per combine harvester, all kinds of the air pollutant emissions decreased by 63, 63, 91, 63, 63, 63, 63% for the CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, $PM_{10}$, VOC, $NH_3$ emissions each from the year 2000 to the year 2014.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.790-794
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• 2012

소출력 무선설비로부터 발사되는 전파로 인한 혼신으로부터 다른 무선국을 보호하기 위해 사용 주파수에 따라 출력 강도를 제한하고 있으며, 수신기의 경우에는 불요 발사 전력을 규제하고 있는데, 국내의 경우에는 1GHz이하의 소출력 무선설비의 수신기의 부차적인 전파 전력에 관한 규정은 -54dBm으로 규정되어, 1GHz 이상의 소출력 무선설비의 경우에는 아직 그 규정이 마련되어 있지 않고 있다. 현재 1GHz 이상의 기기들이 통신시장의 확대로 인해 서비스가 증가하고 있어 국내 기준이 필요 상태이다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2016

Recently, the certification procedure for exhaust emission regulation of LDV has tested with the NEDC mode in the laboratory. But the on-road exhaust emissions exceed the standard emission limits. Therefore, it is important to analyze the real-driving emissions (RDE) with a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In present study, the on-road emissions were measured with a PEMS and evaluated by moving averaging window (MAW) method. Also, it was compared with the $CO_2$ and $NO_x$ emissions for real-driving and test modes from euro-6 light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR and LNT systems. In results, on-road $NO_x$ emission has been 2.3-10.0 times higher than the standard $NO_x$ emission limit on NEDC mode. The reason was that the test modes did not reflect traffic and various real-driving patterns sufficiently.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.19-20
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• 2006

The emission of particulate matter from marine diesel engines is already restricted by regional regulations in some countries, and IMO has been preparing the regulation for particulate matter from 53rd MEPC. But confusingly, the gravimetric PM measurement methods and procedures are not established clearly yet. On the other hand, smoke measurement method is set clearly, and it can also indicate PM, though it is not direct gravimetric method. As the preparing step for regulations about PM, we measured the smote density of exhaust emission from the marine four-stroke diesel engines operated in constant speed and various load steps on the test-bed, using the filter-type smoke measuring instrument. As a result, we understood the omission characteristics of smoke from the engines. Additionally, to obtain the objective reliability of our measurement data, we carried out experimental studies about various measuring parameters that could affect the smoke density.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2004

As the environmental pollution becomes serious global problem, the regulation of emission exhausted from automobiles is strengthened. Therefore, it is very important to know how to reduce the NOx and PM simultaneously in diesel engines, which has lot of merits such as high thermal efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. By this reason, the new concept called as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) engines are spotlighted because this concept reduced NOx and P.M. simultaneously. However, there is trade off between output and NOx in a HCCI engine. In this study, output and emission characteristics for a gasoline direct injection type HCCI engine were investigated to clarify the effects of intake air temperature, injection time and mixture formation. From these experiments, we found that the smoke was not produced when the fuel was injected earlier than BTDC 90$^{\circ}$. In addition, the output was increased because of delay of ignition time and NOx emission was decreased because of homogeneous charge of first injection in case of split injection.