• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2016

Wood-based composite panels such as plywood, particleboard (PB), or medium density fiberboard (MDF) are mostly used in the lamination on their surface for the manufacturing of furniture, or interior building products, the concern on the formaldehyde emission (FE) from the surface laminated wood panels is increasingly attracting attentions from the public. Thus, this study was conducted to understand influence of surface laminating materials to the FE from PB and MDF with or without edge sealing, using 24-hour desiccator method. Both PB samples that had been laminated on their surface with low-pressure laminate (LPL) or polypropylene (PP) film and MDF that had been treated with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or coating were tested for the FE with or without edge sealing. As expected, the FE of PB with the sealed edges decreased to 37.4% and 80.7% with the LPL and PP lamination, respectively. The surface laminated MDF with the sealed edges also showed a decrease in the emission up to 57.8% and 54.3%, with the PVC lamination and coating, respectively. However, the coated MDF samples showed 5.3% increase in the emission when their edges were not sealed, indicating a FE form the solvent used for coating. These results showed that the type of surface lamination materials on wood-based composite panels has a great impact on their resultant FE, indicating that the influence of surface laminating materials should be taken into consideration for the formaldehyde mission measurement.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

The far-infrared ray (FIR) has been applied to various fields such as medical therapy, kitchen utensils, bath supplies, and so on. The FIR-emitting agent was used to make functional paperboards to have freshness-maintaining ability. The FIR-emitting agent was diluted with different concentrations at 0.5% starch solution, and the FIR-emitting solutions were coated on paperboards, i.e., liner. The more the concentration of the FIR radiating agent increased at 0.5% cationic starch solution, the higher FIR emissivity and emission power of paperboards increased. The corrugated boxes made of paperboards coated by the FIR-radiating agents at over 5% dilution concentration endowed mandarin oranges in the boxes with greater antimicrobial activity than those in boxes made of paperboards coated by the agent at below 5% concentration. In addition, it was ascertained that treatment of the FIR agents rarely affected strength properties of paperboards.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1999

It is being more and more difficult to suppress emissions from electronic products using PCB(Printed Circuit Board) to the limit. Therefore, the exact evaluation of the emission from PCB has been more important to reduce the required time and the cost at the design phase of the products, especially on board ship's equipments. This research has evaluated the emission radiated from PCB based on the theoretical approach of SDA(Spectral Domain Analysis), which is available to analyze microwave stripline, coplanar line, patch antenna, etc. According to the theoretical results, it has been clearly shown that the emission radiated from PCB is reduced as the thickness of PCB is thinner, the permittivity of PCB is higher, the length of stripline is shorter, and the frequency is lower.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1996

From a manufacturing standpoint it would be desirable to monitor the degradation of drawing die, that is essential for the maintenance of die quality, the evaluation of product integrity and the reducing scrap. Acoustic emission is powerful method in monitoring fine wire drawing process, especially in detecting the die fracture at early stage. Experiments also suggested that acoustic emission sigals contained valuable information regarding the stage of a drawing process such as the surface appearance of products and the condition of lubrication. These informations are AE monitoring techniques a possible tool in monitoring the drawing process operation. In order to approach this, this paper discusses the nature of acoustic emission signal presented which illustrate the effects of wire and die material, lubricants, and drawing speed on the generation and the mean voltage level of acoustic emission signal. From these experimental, results, we understanded controlling factors of acoustic emission generation.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.415-446
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• 2002

Due to its cost effectiveness, tradeable emission permits (TEP) system has been effectively used in the USA and many other advanced countries. But, academic many researchers have been argued that TEP system would not work as an efficient regulatory tools when there are imperfect competition in permits and/or products markets. Sartzetakis (1997), however, show that TEP system can serve as an effective environmental regulation under the certain demand/cost conditions even though duopolistic production market is not competitive. In this paper we extend Sartzetakis's analysis into the differentiated products markets under the same cost conditions, and examine the relative efficiency of TEP system by comparing it with the command and control system. We then show that the main results of Sartzetakis can hold if two differentiated products markets have the symmetric demands. In particular, it is revealed that social welfare will be increased under TEP system even though consumer surplus may be decreased.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

Building materials are trending toward environmental materials nowadays and the market share of those is growing. So those researches and developments for environmental property are proceeding now. The main properties of environmental products are far infrared emission, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and anti fungus, these products are used with shape of mortar, and spray on the finish material. But There are not much researches for the concrete, main material in construction field, with those functional properties. So in this research we evaluated slump, compressive strength and air content as basic properties for concrete using functional materials of sericite, wood pattern sand stone, carbon black and nanometric silver solution and functional properties like far infrared emission, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and anti fungus. The results were as follows. The most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nanometric silver solution had a little effect on functional property, so it was difficult to apply to concrete, and wood pattern sand stone had a high functional property but low compressive strength, can be applied to a factory product. Anti fungus of the concrete using nanometric silver solution was not clear but if those specimens were aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time it might apparent.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2000

The influence of combustion air at temperatures on nitric oxide emission was studied. The nitric oxide emission generally increases with a rise in the temperature of the combustion air. However, if combustion products for dilution of fuel or combustion air are used before the combustion reaction, then the nitric oxide emission can be reduced even when highly preheated air for combustion air is used. Combustion in low oxygen concentrations flattens the firing mode, resulting in a uniform reaction, and, thus, low nitric oxide emission can be achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

본 연구는 포름알데히드와 같은 유해화학물질을 저감하고, 인체에 무해한 친환경 건축마감재를 개발하기 위하여 대나무숯분말, 편백추출수 및 바인더를 원료로 이용하여 실내 건축마감재용 액상코팅제를 제조하였다. 편백추출수의 함유량에 따른 액상코팅제의 유해화학물질에 대한 탈취율, 원적외선방사율, 음이온방출량, 항균성 및 실제 소요량을 조사하였다. 액상코팅제의 포름알데히드 탈취율은 60.0~98.6%, 암모니아 탈취율은 76.7~86.2%였다. 편백추출수의 혼합량이 증가함에 따라 탈취율도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 액상코팅제의 원적외선방사율은 91.7%, 음이온 방출량은 77개/cc 였으며, 세균감소율은 99.4%로 항균력이 우수하였으나, 편백추출수의 혼합량 증가에 따른 이들 값에는 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 액상코팅제의 소요량은 스프레이건을 사용할 경우 $0.66kg/m^2$, 붓칠의 경우 $0.94kg/m^2$로 스프레이건을 이용할 경우가 더 효율적이었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2007

The detailed chemistry with reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions, have been numerically conducted to investigate the flame structure and NO emission characteristics in a non-premixed counterflow flame of blended fuel of $H_2/CO_2/Ar$. The combination of $H_2,\;CO_2$, and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of $CO_2$. Radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. All mechanisms including thermal, $NO_2,\;N_2O$, and Fenimore are also taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added $CO_2$ quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of $CO_2$ produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the ratio of the contribution by Fenimore mechanism to that by thermal mechanism in the total mole production rate becomes much larger with increase in the $CO_2$ quantity and strain rate, even though the absolute quantity of NO production is deceased. Consequently, as strain rate and $CO_2$ quantity increase, NO production by Fenimore mechanism is remarkably augmented.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2011

This study was designed to provide basic data applicable to fire investigation through consideration of combustion products and propose vulnerability of combustibles through analysis of $CO_2$ emission. In order to achieve these research objectives, characteristics of combustion products such as smoke release rate of each part(raw leaves, branches and barks), $CO_2$ emission and ash production were considered targeting on 6 oak species(Quercus variabilis Blume, Quercus aliena Blume, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica Fisch, Quercus dentata Sapling and Quercus acutissima) using cone calorimeter and smoke density tester. As a result, it was found that raw leaves release smoke more relatively than branches and barks, when they burn, and that Quercus variabilis Blume has the highest smoke density. Also, Quercus acutissima released CO and $CO_2$ which are respectively, 6.67 times and 1.43 times more than Quercus variabilis Blume with low $CO_2$ emission. In addition, branches released CO and $CO_2$ more relatively. There was a big difference in ash production among raw leaves(3.1 g), branches(10.5 g) and barks(16.43 g). It was identified that Quercus serrata produces ashes which are nearly 9.95 times more than Quercus variabilis Blume. It demonstrates that Quercus serrata contains relatively higher minerals and that Quercus variabilis Blume can leave lots of traces like stain and carbonization, as it releases smoke a lot and it's difficult to predict visibility, when a forest fire breaks out in its community area. It is also considered that smoke particles containing oil in the air leave strain on the surface of a tree, and that CO and $CO_2$ emission increases, when crown fire to burn branches breaks out.