• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2003

This study was conducted to identify an initial clinical experience of EMT students, so to better understand their' experience in clinical training. The subjects were 30 EMT students of C department of Emergency Medical technology in C city, who were demonstrating at the emergency room in C, T, S, W city. This study was approached by phenomenological method, collected data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method. the results were as a follows. From the protocol, significant statements were organized into 34 formulated meanings. from the formulated meanings, 21themes were identified, organized into 8 theme clusters, and then categories. EMT students got experienced 'tension resulting from new situation', 'fear in contacting with patients', 'lack of knowledge and skill', 'confidence feeling from being adapted', 'facing up to Paramedic role', 'experience of death' and 'stress'. The results of this study are to use as basic data for students attending clinical experience for the first time.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2009

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)을 위한 핵심과제 중 하나는 에너지 제약적 센서노드에 에너지 효율적이고 유연한 작업주기 기술을 적용하여 네트워크 수명을 극대화하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 WBAN에 적합한 일반용, 응급용, 그리고 주문형(on-demand) 방식의 트래픽을 신뢰 있게 전달하는 방법의 효율적인 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 본 프로토콜은 두 가지 방식의 웨이크 업(Wakeup) 메커니즘을 지원하며 첫 번째는 트래픽 기반의 웨이크 업 메커니즘으로 이는 노드의 트래픽 패턴을 이용하여 일반 트래픽을 수용한다. 또한, 두 번째 방식은 레디오 웨이크 업 통신 메커니즘이며 이는 웨이크업 전송을 이용하여 응급 및 온 주문형 트래픽을 수용한다. 본 논문에서는 제안한 프로토콜이 WBAN 시스템의 수명기간을 향상 할 뿐만 아니라 불규칙적으로 발생하는 사건들을 처리 할 수 있는 신뢰적인 방법을 제공함을 알 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 통하여 제안된 프로토콜의 성능이 WiseMac을 전력 소모 및 지연 측면에서 우수한 성능향상을 보여준다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권6A호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2012

Wearable Device를 사용하는 WBAN 환경에서는 다수의 신체 부착형 센서와 이들의 데이터를 수집하는 장치로 구분할 수 있다. 일반적으로 신체에 부착되는 센서는 소형화와 경량화를 목적으로 매우 낮은 에너지 자원을 보유하지만, 사용자 단말기 등을 활용하는 데이터 수집 장치는 재충전이 가능하며 신체 부착형 센서에 비하여 높은 에너지를 가진다. 본 논문은 이러한 환경적 특성을 고려하여 센서의 수명을 늘리고 불가피한 에너지 소모를 수집 장치에 집중시키는 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 또한 제안 프로토콜은 응급 데이터의 보고체계가 사용되는 응용환경을 고려하여, 일반적인 센싱 데이터와 응급 데이터를 구분하고 차별화된 전송 지연시간을 제공한다. 또한 제안하는 MAC 프로토콜의 효율적인 성능검증을 위하여 IEEE 802.15.6과 비교실험을 통하여 제안방식의 이득을 검증하고 이를 분석한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.467-470
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• 2013

The rupture of a renal artery aneurysm is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. Although we usually consider the appropriate treatment to be open laparotomy with aortic aneurysm surgery or stenting with graft insertion through intravascular intervention, thus far, there is no general consensus on the treatment protocol for renal artery aneurysm. Notably, ruptured renal artery aneurysm is a true critical emergency that may result in a fatal outcome. We are reporting two renal artery aneurysm patients who had ruptured and underwent emergency laparotomy.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

The purposes of this study which was conducted by inquiring into some curricula for Emergency Medical Dispatchers(EMDs) are to introduce a curriculum into Korea and develop a textbook for training of the EMDs in Korea. The conclusions from this study were summarized as follows; (1) There are some professional demands in our Emergency Medical Dispatch field therefore, now it is necessary to set up an education system for the EMDs in Korea and give them a suitable name to this change. (2) Some historical turning points which are condensed from the developmental process in the USA. including "Medical Self Help" with no formal dispatch protocols, Medical Priority Dispatch System, Practice Standard, Dispatch Protocols will serve as a good reference for establishing and education system for the EMDs. (3) To effectively train the EMDs in Korea, we needed to be introduced to Emergency Medical Dispatch : National Standard of Curriculum from the U.S. Department of Transportation & the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which is made up Basic Emergency Medical Concepts, Information Gatherin & Dispatch, Introduction to the Emergency Medical Dispatch Protocol Reference System(EMDPRS) & 32 Chief Complaint Types. (4) The introduced curriculum closely related to the medical director, the direct indirect medical control, the scope of practice in the USA, should be revised for the Emergency Medical Service System of Korea. But to reduce the developmental process & time, it is necessary to postpone the consideration on these factors until publishing a new textbook. (5) This study which gives the cornerstone about some developmental methods on textbook for EMDs will be helpful to build up an education system for EMDs such as Curriculum, EMD Certification, National Academy of Emergency Medical Dispatch to fit the Emergency Medical Service System of Korea in the future.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2007

IP(Internet Protocol) 기반 통신서비스가 발달함에 따라 인터넷 전화서비스가 기존 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) 기반 전화서비스를 대체하는 서비스로 자리 잡아 갈 것으로 예상된다. 이를 위해 해결되어야 할 여러 가지 이슈 중 하나가 인터넷 전화서비스가 PSTN의 911과 같은 긴급전화서비스 제공 능력을 가지는 것이다. 미국의 경우에는 VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)를 사용하는 인터넷 전화에서도 PSTN의 전화서비스와 같이 911 서비스를 제공하도록 규정하고 있으며, 기본 VoIP 911 호 (Basic 911 또는 B-911)는 위치 정보 혹은 콜백 번호 없이 LEA(Law Enforcement Agency)의 일반 접근라인으로 라우팅 되고, 향상된 VoIP 911호 (Enhanced 911 또는 E-911)의 경우는 위치정보와 콜백 번호정보를 가지고 911 전용 네트워크상으로 라우팅 되어 지역 911 분배센터에 도착하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 VoIP기반 인터넷 전화망에서는 긴급전화서비스를 별도의 서비스로 다루고 있지 않거나 성능이 PSTN에 비해 크게 부족한 실정이며, 해당 호의 위치정보 및 콜백 번호정보 등이 파악되지 못해 가장 인접한 PSAP(Public Safety Answering Point)로 전달되지 못하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하고 효율적인 긴급전화서비스를 제공할 수 있는 SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)기반의 긴급전화서비스 메커니즘을 제안하며, 실제 구현을 통하여 PSAP로의 효율적인 접근과 해당호의 정보를 정확히 알아낼 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to improve resuscitation rate of CPR through providing qualitative nursing while performing CPR in hospital ward and to enhance quality of emergency nursing in the ward, the author embarked on the research as a way of developing ventricular fibrillation protocol about CPR. Method: Collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS/PC14.0 program while the routes of final protocol developed in this research are as follows. Result: Based on analysis results of literature study and CPR electronic hospital records, a total of 22 items and 53 specific contents were confirmed through the gathering of opinions from panels, and the allotment of roles and tasks with a standard of 2 nurses was designated. As the result of specialists' verification on validity, the final protocol composed of a total of 23 items and 45 specific contents was confirmed. At the result of the pertinency evaluation of confirmed protocol, it was evaluated as relatively pertinent with its average score 2.89-3.32. Conclusion: The protocol developed in this research is seen as to contribute to nurses participating in CPR to avoid the overlapping of tasks and to develop CPR through effective teamwork of medical teams by presenting clear roles and tasks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.5835-5854
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• 2017

The implementation of IEEE 802.15.6 in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is contention based. Meanwhile, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC provides limited 16 channels in the Superframe structure, making it unfit for N heterogeneous nature of patient's data. Also, the Beacon-enabled Carrier-Sense Multiple Access/Collision-Avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheduling access scheme in WBAN, allocates Contention-free Period (CAP) channels to emergency and non-emergency Biomedical Sensors (BMSs) using contention mechanism, increasing repetition in rounds. This reduces performance of the MAC protocol causing higher data collisions and delay, low data reliability, BMSs packet retransmissions and increased energy consumption. Moreover, it has no traffic differentiation method. This paper proposes a Low-delay Traffic-Aware Medium Access Control (LTA-MAC) protocol to provide sufficient channels with a higher bandwidth, and allocates them individually to non-emergency and emergency data. Also, a Contention Differentiated Adaptive Slot Allocation CSMA-CA (CDASA-CSMA/CA) for scheduling access scheme is proposed to reduce repetition in rounds, and assists in channels allocation to BMSs. Furthermore, an On-demand (OD) slot in the LTA-MAC to resolve the patient's data drops in the CSMA/CA scheme due to exceeding of threshold values in contentions is introduced. Simulation results demonstrate advantages of the proposed schemes over the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and CSMA/CA scheme in terms of success rate, packet delivery delay, and energy consumption.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1767-1777
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• 2010

In digital TV broadcasting, such as terrestrial, cable, satellite, and IPTV, the head-end of digital TV broadcasting has a more complicated transmission structure than that of analog TV broadcasting. Furthermore, digital TV broadcasting has a feature that supports multiplex models, such as Multiple Program Transport Stream (MPTS). Therefore, the purpose of our work was to design and examine a more efficient new system of emergency alert message transmission to support the digital TV broadcasting environments. Digital TV broadcasting is the IP generation or RF transmission of 8-VSB, QAM, and QPSK modulated through a multiplexer or re-multiplexer multiplexed stream as a MPEG-2 Transport Stream after content encoding. The new system proposed in this paper transmits an emergency alert message without scrambling after replacing the PID and payload of the -packet with the message prototype in the TS stream from the multiplexer. If we need to transmit an emergency alert message under digital TV broadcasting services, then the receiver first checks the PID of each packet in the TS stream for the emergency alert message. Next, if a packet is determined to be an emergency alert message, then the set-top box displays the message on the TV screen using its function of On Screen Display, or the PC based software displays the message on the monitor screen using its function of overlay with user interface if the packet is found to be an emergency alert message. We have designed an emergency alert message protocol and a system model. By experiments and analysis of the system, we concluded that the system achieved efficiency and the ability to send and receive emergency alert messages using the system under different digital TV broadcasting service environments.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2010

An ubiquitous sensor network (USN) system to monitor the bio information and the emergency of the elderly in the silver town is presented. The USN system consists of the sensor node platforms based on MCU of Atmage128L and RF Chip of CC2420 satisfying IEEE 802.15.4, which includes the bios sensor module such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and the temperature sensor. Additionally, when an emergency of the elderly is occurred in the silver town, the routing algorithm suitable to find and inform the location of the elderly is proposed, and the proposed routing algorithm is applied to the USN. To collect and manage the ECG data at the PC connected to the sink node, LabView software is used. The bio information and the emergency of the elderly can also be monitored at the client PC by TCP/IP networks in the USN system.