• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 2009

In the latest date, medical body area networks (MBANs) are emerging as a new technology for diagnosis the human body. MBANs in the health care fields are based on short-range and low-power (e.g. ubiquitous computing) among small-sized devices, and have been used by means of medical services. In this paper, we proposed an emergency message transmission protocol using carrier sense multiple access/time division multiple access in MBANs. This scheme focuses on dependability and power-efficiency. In order to increase the reliability of the transmission, this scheme modified a MCTA slot of IEEE 802.15.3 standard to a SR-MCTA slot. SR-MCTA slot is assigned by MBAN coordinator according to requesting terminal nodes. The method, having the priority of transmission, occurs a collision packet randomly. Results from this proposed solution revel that reservation-based TDMA medical body area network(MBAN) protocol for transmitting emergency message was improved in terms of transmission delay.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

This paper proposed the architecture of the authentication and the transmission for high reliable emergency data management based on U-healthcare wireless mesh networks. In U-healthcare monitoring service, the high reliable bio data management as well as the data transmission are required because the monitoring emergency bio data is related linked to life. More specifically, the technologies of the identity authentication of the measuring bio data, the personalized emergency status diagnosis who is authenticated the bio data and the emergency data transmission are important first of all. To do this, this paper presents the structure and protocol of the identity authentication management with using the extended IEEE 11073 PHD, the structure of policy-based management of the emergency bio data for the highly reliable management and the resilient routing protocol based on wireless mesh network for the reliable data transmission.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Objectives: Dental or maxillofacial emergencies are uncommon during pregnancy, but if they occur, they are challenging to treat due to potential risks. The mother should not be denied necessary medical or dental care because of pregnancy. The aim of the study is to observe outcomes of pregnancy in patients requiring emergency minor oral surgical procedures during gestation and to determine the safety of the pregnant woman undergoing the procedure and the fetus. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 52 pregnant women requiring emergency oral surgical procedures. A standard treatment protocol for treatment of specific entities was followed. Close monitoring and observation were the primary goal of treatment. All patients were followed postoperatively until complete recovery from the surgical procedures and then until birth of the baby. A control group of 52 healthy pregnant patients who did not require oral surgical procedures was considered for statistical analysis. The measurements to calculate observation were fetal loss (spontaneous abortion), preterm birth, low-birth weight, or incidence of any congenital anomalies in the baby and its association with surgical procedures. Results: No fetal loss occurred in any of the cases. However, four patients experienced preterm birth and seven neonates exhibited low birth weights. No congenital abnormalities were discovered. In one instance, a patient who underwent surgery for a mandibular symphysis fracture under general anesthesia in the 31st week of pregnancy experienced labor pain on the fourth postoperative day, requiring an emergency Caesarean section. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that, compared to the control group, minor emergency surgeries performed during pregnancy have no discernible negative effects on the fetus. These procedures can safely be performed by adhering to our described protocols.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Vehicular-to-anything (V2X) technology is attractive for wireless vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) because it allows for opportunistic choice of a vehicular protocol between vehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) and vehicular-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. In particular, achieving seamless connectivity in a VANET with nearby network infrastructure is challenging. In this paper, we propose a density-based opportunistic broadcasting (DOB) protocol, in which opportunistic connectivity is carried out by using the nearby infrastructure and opposite vehicles for solving the problems of disconnection and long end-to-end delay times. The performance evaluation results indicate that the proposed DOB protocol outperforms the considered comparative conventional schemes, i.e., the shortest path protocol and standard mobile WiMAX, in terms of the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, handover latency, and number of lost packets.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11c
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• pp.450-453
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• 2002

In emergency telemedicine system based on wireless communication system with limited transmission capacity, it is necessary to transmit the biological data (ECG, BP, Respiration, $SpO_2$) of the patient continuously and reliably in real time. For this service, it is necessary to data compression and error control. In this study, we designed an protocol for error control in application layer and implemented it on the biological data transmission program for an emergency telemedicine system based on wireless data communication system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.429-436
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• 2022

Investigations of retrospective dosimetry have shown that components of mobile phones are suitable as emergency dosimeters in case of radiological incidents. For physical dosimetry, components can be read out using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) methods to determine the absorbed dose. This paper deals with a feasibility study of display glass from modern mobile phones that are measured by thermally assisted (Ta) optically stimulated luminescence. Violet (VSL, 405 nm) and infrared (IRSL, 850 nm) LEDs were used for optical stimulation and two protocols (Ta-VSL and Ta-IRSL) were tested. The aim was to systematically investigate the luminescence properties, compare the results to blue stimulated Ta-BSL protocol (458 nm) and to develop a robust measurement protocol for the usage as an emergency dosimeter after an incident with ionizing radiation. First, the native signals were measured to calculate the zero dose signal. Next, the reproducibility and dose response of the luminescence signals were analyzed. Finally, the signal stability was tested after the storage of irradiated samples at room temperature. In general, the developed Ta-IRSL and Ta-VSL protocols indicate usability, however, further research is needed to test the potential of a new protocol for physical retrospective dosimetry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.516-517
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• 2021

When designing a routing protocol in a wireless sensor network, power efficiency and power balance must be considered above all for the life of the network. However, in application services such as environmental monitoring, the urgency and speed of data are more importantly required. In this paper, a routing protocol is proposed to satisfy different requirements for transmission of normal data and emergency data. In the case of general data, it is designed to minimize the power imbalance so that the network life can be extended. In the case of emergency data, the delay is minimized by controlling the power according to the power situation of the node.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

Purpose: Difficult organs or locations or inadequate tube intubations can cause complications. There are some cases in which the tube location changes or the tube is removed due to processing inside the organ while installing the stylet or rapid stylet removal. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and develop an integrated intubation tube with stylet (IITS) for easier intubation of organs in emergency cases and reduce complications caused by the stylet. Methods: This study used a "Laerdal Airway Management Trainer". For stylet intubation, procedure No. 14 of the national practical test protocol was followed, but the removal step was omitted. In this study, each emergency case was intubated with an IITS, in which the stylet was not inserted or removed separately even though it has the function of an organ intubation stylet. Results: The existing classic ET intubation method had a success rate of 100% and had an average intubation time of 21.75 seconds, The developed IITS method was also successful in all cases and had an average intubation time of 15.78 seconds. Conclusion: Application of an IITS is expected to reduce intubation time and decrease inappropriate depth and intubation failure due to stylet removal, therefore improving the efficiency of airway maintenance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.406-423
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• 2014

The recent advances in wireless communication systems and semiconductor technologies are paving the way for new applications over wireless sensor networks. Health-monitoring application (HMA) is one such emerging technology that is focused on sensing and reporting human vital signs through the communication network comprising sensor devices in the vicinity of the human body. The sensed vital signs can be divided into two categories based on the importance and the frequency of occurrence: occasional emergency signs and regular normal signs. The occasional emergency signs are critical, so they have to be delivered by the specified deadlines, whereas the regular normal signs are non-critical and are only required to be delivered with best effort. Handling the occasional emergency sign is one of the most important attributes in HMA because a human life may depend on correct handling of the situation. That is why the underlying network protocol suite for HMA should ensure that the emergency signs will be reported in a timely manner. However, HMA based on IEEE 802.15.4 might not be able to do so owing to the lack of an appropriate emergency-handling mechanism. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new emergency-handling mechanism to reduce the emergency reporting delay in IEEE 802.15.4 through the modified superframe structure. A fraction of an inactive period is modified into three new periods called the emergency reporting period, emergency beacon period, and emergency transmission period, which are used opportunistically only for immediate emergency reporting and reliable data transmission. Extensive simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves improved latency and higher emergency packets delivery ratio compared with the conventional IEEE 802.15.4 MAC.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.615-619
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• 2005

Token coherence protocol has many good reasons against snooping/directory-based protocol in terms of latency, bandwidth, and complexity. Token counting easily maintains correctness of the protocol without global ordering of request which is basis of other dominant cache coherence protocols. But this lack of global ordering causes starvation which is not happening in snooping/directory-based protocols. Token coherence protocol solves this problem by providing an emergency mechanism called persistent request. It enforces other processors in the competition (or accessing same shared memory block, to give up their tokens to feed a starving processor. However, as the number of processors grows in a system, the frequency of starvation occurrence increases. In other words, the situation where persistent request occurs becomes too frequent to be emergent. As the frequency of persistent requests increases, not only the cost of each persistent matters since it is based on broadcasting to all processors, but also the increased traffic of persistent requests will saturate the bandwidth of multiprocessor interconnection network. This paper proposes a new request mechanism that defines order of requests to reduce occurrence of persistent requests. This ordering mechanism has been designed to be decentralized since centralized mechanism in both snooping-based protocol and directory-based protocol is one of primary reasons why token coherence protocol has advantage in terms of latency and bandwidth against these two dominant Protocols.