• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Ad-Hoc 네트워크는 군사적인 목적으로 시작되었으며, 네트워크 인프라 구조가 없거나, 네트워크 인프라의 설치가 용이하지 않거나, 전쟁 및 분쟁지역, 재해나 재난에 의해 통신 시설을 설치하기 어려운 지역에서 비상 통신 수단으로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 Ad-Hoc 네트워크는 기존의 유선망과 비교하여 대역폭이 좁고 신호간의 간섭이 상대적으로 심하여 망 형상이 수시로 변경될 수 있다. 따라서 기존의 라우팅 알고리즘을 적용할 수 없으며, 새로운 라우팅 알고리즘 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 기존에 제안된 라우팅 알고리즘 중 클러스터에 헤더(주헤더)를 두어 관리하는 클러스터 기반의 라우팅 프로토콜(CBRP)에서 클러스터 내의 주헤더 노드를 제외한 모든 노드가 주헤더 통신을 의존함으로써 발생하는 주헤더 이상시의 문제점을 최소화하기 위해 클러스터 내에 보조헤더를 두어 클러스터 및 클러스터내의 모든 노드를 관리하는 방안(ACBRP)을 제안한다. 보조헤더 역할은 주헤더가 비정상적으로 되어 노드들 간의 송수신에 더 이상 참가할 수 없을 경우, 별도의 주헤더 재선출 과정 없이 보조헤더가 즉시 주헤더로 교체되어 기존의 주헤더 역할을 담당한다. 이는 CBRP에서 클러스터 주헤더 노드가 클러스터 밖으로 이동하거나, 비정상적인 상태가 되어 다른 주헤더 노드를 선출해야 하는 부담을 효과적으로 줄이고, 이 때 통신 중인 모든 노드는 통신의 중단 없이 계속적으로 라우팅을 유지할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구가 기존의 CBRP에 비해 효율적인 통신을 할 수 있으며, 모의실험을 통해 ACBRP의 성능 평가를 위한 주헤더 재선출을 위한 비용 계산을 위해 필요한 데이터 값들을 측정하고, 기존의 CBRP와 비교 평가하여, 타당성을 확인하였다.(12.7%), 폐렴 4례 (7.2%), 기관지확장증 4례 (7.2%), 무기폐 4례 (7.2%)의 순으로 많았다.경우보다 높은 2.0 unit/mL의 농도에서 알파-갈 항원결정인자가 제거되는 양상을 보였다. 걸론: 돼지의 대동맥 판막 조직과 심낭 조직의 알파-갈 항원결정인자는 eriffonia simplicifolia의 동종렉틴 B4를 사용한 면역조직형광염색에서 잘 염색되었으며 이를 알파-갈락토시다아제를 사용하여 제거하였을 때 각각 1.0 unit/mL, 2.0 unit/mL 농도의 녹색콩 알파-갈락토시다아제를 $4^{\circ}C$, pH 6.5의 조건에서 24시간 반응시켰을 때 효과적으로 상당량 제거할 수 있었다. 향후 돼지의 판막조직 및 심낭조직으로 만드는 조직판막의 내구성 증대에 대표적인 동물 면역항원인 알파-갈 항원결정인자의 제거가 유용한 도구가 될 수 있을 것이며 앞으로 알파-갈락토시다아제로 처리한 돼지의 조직판막에 대한 인간혈장의 항-갈 항체 및 항-갈 단클론항체를 이용한 직접적인 면역학적 연구가 필요하다.광학거울 (Fine-grade optical mirror)을 이 부위에 넣고 반사시야에서 수술적 처치를 시행할 것을 주장했으나, 수술시의 출혈등에 의한 명료시야의 확보에 문제점이 있어 널리 시행되지 않았다. Saito(1971)등은 Sinus tympani의 접근방법으로서 종래의 중이강내에서 접근방식 (Tympani approach) 보다 유양동을 통한 접근(mastoid approach)이 보다 편리하고 확실한 방법일 것이라는 생각으로 42개의 측두골에 대한 미세해부학적 계측을 실시하였다. 그러나 연구결과에서 그는 Sinus tympani의 상부는 안면신경과 지나치게 가까운 거리에 있어

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2011

목적 : 이 연구는 국가예방접종률 산출 및 조사방법론 개발을 위한 기반을 조성하기 위하여 예방접종률 파악을 위한 자료원 중 영유아 예방접종 수첩기록의 정확도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 대상 및 방법 : 연구대상은 2005년 1월 31일을 기준으로 충청남도 논산시에 주민등록상 거주하는 생후 12-35개월 영유아 전체로 하였다. 연구대상자가 거주하는 가구를 2005년 2-4월까지 방문하여 보호자의 동의를 얻어 예방접종 수첩기록을 조사하였다. 예방접종 수첩기록의 정확도를 평가하기 위하여 2005년 5-7월까지 예방접종을 시행한 의료기관 및 보건소의 접종관련 기록을 확보하여 예방접종 접종 여부 및 접종 일자의 기록 일치 여부를 확인하였다. 비교 대상 예방접종은 결핵(BCG), B형간염, 디프테리아/파상풍/백일해 (DTaP), 홍역/유행성이하선염/풍진(MMR), 폴리오, 일본뇌염, 수두, 인플루엔자, B형 헤모필루스 인플루엔자 뇌수막염(Hib), A형간염, 폐구균으로 총 11종을 대상으로 하였다. 결과 : 예방접종 수첩의 예방접종 여부 및 접종 일시 기록의 정확도는 BCG는 69.5% 및 80.1%였으며, B형 간염은 1차 41.3% 및 89.7%, 2차 76.6% 및 82.1%, 3차 79.7% 및 79.0%였으며, DTaP는 1차 79.9% 및 87.5%, 2차 80.8% 및 87.3%, 3차 82.5% 및 85.1%, 4차 79.9% 및 83.5%였으며, 폴리오는 1차 79.5% 및 88.1%, 2차 79.8% 및 86.2%, 3차 82.1% 및 84.8%였으며, MMR은 83.2% 및 84.0%였으며, 일본뇌염 1차는 80.7% 및 83.1%였으며, 수두는 74.9% 및 83.7%였으며, 인플루엔자는 74.1% 및 55.3%였으며, Hib 1차는 72.7% 및 90.7%였으며, A형 간염 1차는 79.5% 및 88.4%였으며, 폐렴구균 1차는 73.2% 및 90.3%로 나타났다. 결론 : 여러 가지 연구의 제한점에도 불구하고, 예방접종 수첩의 상당한 수준의 신뢰도를 확인하였으나 수첩의 예방접종력 정확도 및 타당도에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 1996

This research has incorporated a postal survey from the principals, nurse-charging teachers and nurse-teachers of the fiftyfive elementary, middle and high school in Yang-pyeong county area where its supplementary rate of nurse-teachers is less than adequate. It is to analyse the current status of the school health service in the area and to come out with a plan to improve the school health program through the participations of the health related experts of the local community. The survey was done in the two months of period of April to May of 1994. The result of the survey follows. The student population in the Yang-pyeong county area is 13,998 and the school employee population is 904 which counts for about 19.2% of the whole population of the area. However, the supplementary rate of nurse-teachers is only 10.8% (4 in 55 schools) which is very low in terms of relativity. School health committee only exist in 17% of the whole number of schools in the area and 50 of school health committee answered that their activity do not meet the adequate level. Only 54. 3% of the whole school numbers has included the school health finance in their financial plans and the amount set for the school health finance is about 500,000 wons (100,000-1,600,000 wons). 64.9% of the schools in the Yang-pyeong county area have the permanent nursing room established in the school. But, often than the equipment for a simple physical examinations, their supply of the health related equipments are less than adequate. Particitations of school doctor in the school health service is at only 67.6% which pretty much include only the physical examinations. Nurse-charging teachers consider their utmost important role is to teach health education but, they answered that they spent most of their times and efforts on physical examinations & immunizations. The average number of students visition to the nursing room is 2.5 persons and complains for basic discomfort as headache, concussion, stomachache and indigestion problems and usual pills used are the analgesics and digestives. Physical examination is done in the most schools every year but, 51.4% of nurse-charging teachers answered the physical examination does not really help. About the emergency treatment ability, 75.7% reports that both manpower & equipment are short. The school food services are present in only 8 schools (21.6%) but, 89.2% of nurse-charging teachers answer that there is a definite need of the food service. The survey says that the utmost important environmental health and safety factors are the traffic accidents followed by improper heat system, lighting, the stools and desks that do not consider the student physical status The overall evaluation of school health program reports that there are adequate physical examination, immunization, environmental hygiene, and management of safety but, on the other hand, health education, health councelling & management of nursing room are not managed properly. The principals of the survey pool report shortage of public agency support, lack of understanding of school health, shortage of nursing equipments and school health finance as the barrier factors of school health. The nurse-charging teachers report on the same questions as their less than qualitifying expertise, extraload of work upon the nursing affairs, shortage of nursing equipments & school health finance. The head masters & nurse-charging teachers answered that they are desperate for the meetings of nurse-charging teachers, construction of school health councelling system & training education in order to improve school health and if these are available, they will actively participate in them. After the careful analysis of the survey result, it is apparent that through the relations of the manpowers, establishment of community-oriented school health is definitely in need in rural area where there is low supplementary rate of nurse-teachers and poor school health environment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2021

본 연구는 COVID-19과 COVID-19 변이 바이러스 시기에 vaccination을 통한 집단면역달성을 목표로 하고 있지만, 백신의 종류에 따라서 다양한 부작용도 발생을 하여, 백신 이외에 평소 규칙적인 운동을 통한 백신 효과의 조그만 근거를 마련하고자 수행하게 되었다. 이러한 연구 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 본론에서는 COVID-19 vaccine의 이슈, COVID-19 블루, COVID-19과 스포츠이벤트, 및 COVID-19과 운동중재에 관해 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 COVID-19은 혈관을 우선적으로 공격하고 혈관 내막에 침투해 혈액순환을 방해하는 바이러스로 알려져 있다. 그리고 이어서 폐, 심장, 뇌 등을 공격한다. 심혈관 질환이 있는 환자들은 몸에서 바이러스를 몰아내는 능력이 떨어져 있는 이유로 이러한 바이러스의 공격대상이 될 수 있다. 혈관은 적혈구와 영양소만 이동하는 곳이 아니라 백혈구와 림프구들도 이동하므로 평소 불포화 지방산, 저탄수화물 식이요법을 포함하는 건강한 식이 습관, 금연, 일상생활도의 증가 및 규칙적인 운동 습관의 중요성이 중요하게 고려되어 진다. 이러한 관점에서 평소 혈관의 건강은 매우 중요하게 작용하고 이는 규칙적인 운동을 통하여 얻을 수 있는 것이다. 규칙적인 운동은 면역세포들, 면역글로불린, 다양한 사이토카인들의 순환을 돕고 특히, 폐로의 순환을 도와 염증인자들을 감소시키는 역할을 수행하고 병원균의 유입을 막아주는 역할을 한다. 특히, 혈관 내막에 침투해 혈액순환을 방해하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 폐, 심장, 뇌 등을 공격하는 COVID-19의 특성을 고려할 때 운동을 통한 건강관리는 바이러스 예방에 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 현재 다양하고도 많은 백신의 사용은 팬데믹 시기에서 매우 희망적이지만 아나플락시스나 혈전 색전증 등의 다양한 부작용도 초래하므로 규칙적인 운동중재는 백신의 도움없이 세균이나 바이러스로부터 나를 지키는 면역력을 잘 유지하게 하는 것이 규칙적인 운동이 되는 것이다. 추후 이러한 분야에 관한 심도 있는 연구들이 수행되어져야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1988

The general objective of this research is to study behavioral pattern of health care utilization and to measure the level of utilization of the traditional medicine. The specific objective is to study utilization pattern and content of folk medicine which is the indegenous medical technology recognized part of traditional medicine. This research was under taken to generate valid information that will provide basis data for formulating general direction for health education activities and for designing service package for general population. A social survey method was employed to obtain required information for the research activities, The survey field team consisted of 20 surveyors who all participated is an intensive 2 day training course. A total of 3091 households were visited and interviewed by the field team during the period 7 September to 6 October 1987. The major findings obtained from the information collected by the field survey are as follows ; 1) General characteristics of the study households 2562 households out of 3091 households visited were selected for final data process, 80.2 of the selected households were nuclear families ; 17.4%, extended families ; others 2.4%. Only 4.3 percent of the study population in the urban households indicated "no schooling" whereas 14.2% of the rural household members falls within this category. Study population in the urban areas are more protected against diseases by the national medical insurance system than those in rural areas. In their self appraisal of living standard, those who responded with low group are 39.6% and 50.3% respectively by urban and rural households. 2) Morbidity status Period prevalence rate for all diseases during the preceding 15 days before the date of the household interview v as 243,0 per 1,000 study population. For cases with the illness duration of within 15 days, the initial points of medical entry were diversied ; 56.9%, drug stores ; 30.9%, clinics and hospitals ; 4.6% folk medicine ; 1.7% clinics of Korean oriental medicine. Among the chronic case; with illness duration of over 90 days, 34.6% of these people utilized clinics and hospitals of modern medicine ; 31.6%, drug stores ; 18.6% clinics of Korean oriental medicine ; 6.8% folk medical techniques. Noticeable is the almost ten fold increase from the mere 0.9% in the utilization of Korean oriental medicine, whereas in the utilization of folk medicine, it is short of two-fold increase. 3) Folk medicine and its utilization Households that use folk medicine for relief and care of signs and symptoms commonly encountered in daily life, number 1969 households, which accounts for 76.9% of all the study households. This rather high level use of folk medicine is not different from rural to urban areas. The order of frequency of utilizing folk medicine among the study people are : the highest 14.3% for the relief of indigestion ; 8.6% for burns ; 5.1% for common cold ; 4.7% for hiccough ; and 4.2% for hordeolum. A present various procedures of folk medicine is being used to relieve all kinds of symptoms. 192 symptoms are identified at present. The most frequently used procedures of folk medicine appear to be based either on principles of the Korean oriental medicine or of scientific knowledge. Based on these survey findings, proposals for utilizing folk medicine are as follows First, this survey's findings will be feed back to both on the job training and on the spot guidance of community health practitioners, public health nurses and other peripheral work force in the health field, who are in daily contacts with community. This feed back will assure that the health personnel carry out their health education and information activities that are based on the utilization pattern of folk medicine as found in the survey result. Second, studies will be soon implemented that are designed to measure the efficiency and potency of these procedures and to improve these procedures of folk medicine were most frequently used by the community. Third, studies will continue to systematize medicinal plants and skills of Korean oriental medicine that are easily available at minimal cost in daily life for the prevention of diseases and management of emergency cases.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2017

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2016. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The research works on the thermal and fluid engineering have been reviewed as groups of flow, heat and mass transfer, the reduction of pollutant exhaust gas, cooling and heating, the renewable energy system and the flow around buildings. CFD schemes were used more for all research areas. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, pool boiling and condensing heat transfer and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included the results of the long-term performance variation of the plate-type enthalpy exchange element made of paper, design optimization of an extruded-type cooling structure for reducing the weight of LED street lights, and hot plate welding of thermoplastic elastomer packing. In the area of pool boiling and condensing, the heat transfer characteristics of a finned-tube heat exchanger in a PCM (phase change material) thermal energy storage system, influence of flow boiling heat transfer on fouling phenomenon in nanofluids, and PCM at the simultaneous charging and discharging condition were studied. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, one-dimensional flow network model and porous-media model, and R245fa in a plate-shell heat exchanger were studied. (3) Various studies were published in the categories of refrigeration cycle, alternative refrigeration/energy system, system control. In the refrigeration cycle category, subjects include mobile cold storage heat exchanger, compressor reliability, indirect refrigeration system with $CO_2$ as secondary fluid, heat pump for fuel-cell vehicle, heat recovery from hybrid drier and heat exchangers with two-port and flat tubes. In the alternative refrigeration/energy system category, subjects include membrane module for dehumidification refrigeration, desiccant-assisted low-temperature drying, regenerative evaporative cooler and ejector-assisted multi-stage evaporation. In the system control category, subjects include multi-refrigeration system control, emergency cooling of data center and variable-speed compressor control. (4) In building mechanical system research fields, fifteenth studies were reported for achieving effective design of the mechanical systems, and also for maximizing the energy efficiency of buildings. The topics of the studies included energy performance, HVAC system, ventilation, renewable energies, etc. Proposed designs, performance tests using numerical methods and experiments provide useful information and key data which could be help for improving the energy efficiency of the buildings. (5) The field of architectural environment was mostly focused on indoor environment and building energy. The main researches of indoor environment were related to the analyses of indoor thermal environments controlled by portable cooler, the effects of outdoor wind pressure in airflow at high-rise buildings, window air tightness related to the filling piece shapes, stack effect in core type's office building and the development of a movable drawer-type light shelf with adjustable depth of the reflector. The subjects of building energy were worked on the energy consumption analysis in office building, the prediction of exit air temperature of horizontal geothermal heat exchanger, LS-SVM based modeling of hot water supply load for district heating system, the energy saving effect of ERV system using night purge control method and the effect of strengthened insulation level to the building heating and cooling load.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.144-155
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• 1997

In December 1990, Occupational Safety and Health Law was amended to reinforce employer's responsibilities on employees' health and safety. Among the amended law it was important to expand the role of an occupational health nurse to the role of an occupational health manager. An occupational health manager should take charge of coordinating periodic health examination and environmental hazard evaluation, providing primary care, monitoring employees' health status, giving the workplace walk-through, selecting safe protection equipment, providing health information, counseling and health education, independently. This position of occupational health nurse is equivalent to the role of doctors or occupational hygienists. In 1991, government made a master plan to prevent occupational disease and injury. Under the plan, Korea Industrial Nursing Association (KINA) was established in 1994 with the purpose of improving health services and upgrading career opportunities for members. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze the transition of occupational health nursing education with the changes of law and policy in Korea between 1991 and 1996. In details, it was to analyze the rate of school providing occupational health nursing practice based lecture, lecture hours, lecture contents in undergraduate curriculum, program contents of graduate school, kinds of continuing education, etc. For this purpose, we conducted survey two times. In February 1991, baseline study was conducted with all nursing programs in Korea (19 BSN programs and 43 nursing departments of junior college). From April to May in 1996, the second survey was conducted with all nursing programs (38 BSN programs and 69 junior colleges). The first response rate was 66.1% and the second was 40.6%. Structured questionnaires were mailed to the deans or the community health nursing faculties. In the case of graduate school, telephone survey was conducted with 10 school of public health or environmental health area. Data from the yearbook of Industrial Safety Training Institute (ISTI), the history of Korea Industrial Health Association, and the journals of KINA were also included in the analysis. As the results, we found that there were remarkable improvement in undergraduate and graduate programs, obligatory as well as voluntary continuing education in terms of occupational health nursing expertise between 1991 and 1996. 1) The number of school providing occupational health nursing practice-based lecture was increased with the rate from 7.3% to 25.6%. The rate of school giving over 15 class-hours was increased from 33.3% to 46.6%. 2) Content areas were composed of introduction of occupational health, occupational epidemiology, industrial hygiene, occupational disease and injury, law and policy, health education, concept of occupational health nursing, role of occupational health nurse, occupational health nursing process, etc. Of content areas, occupational health nursing process was more emphasized with the increased rate from 43.9% to 88.4%. 3) In the case of graduate school, occupational health programs were increased from 4 to 10. One of them has developed occupational health nursing program as an independent course since 1991. 4) The law increased educational hours from 28 hours to 36 hours for introductory course at the time of appointment, and from 14 hours to 24 hours every 2 years for continuing education. Course contents were Occupational safety and health law, introduction of occupational health, health education methodology, planning and evaluation, periodic health exam, occupational disease care, primary care, emergency care, management, industrial environment evaluation, etc. In 1996, Korea Industrial Nursing Association has begun to provide continuing education after Industrial Safety Training Institute. 5) Various educational programs in voluntary base were developed such as monthly seminar, CE articles, annual academic symposium, etc. It was shown that changes of law and policy led rapid growth of occupational health nursing education in various levels. From this trend, it is expected that occupational health nurse expertise be continuously to be enhanced in Korea. Legal and political supports should proceed for the development of occupational health nursing in early stage.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2000

이 연구는 당일수술을 실시하고 있지 않은 병원에서 당일수술이 가능한 질병으로 입원하고 있는 환자를 대상으로 당일수술에 대한 인지도와 선호도를 조사하고, 당일수술 가능 질병의 평균 재원일수를 분석하며, 마취 후 퇴원점수체계를 이용한 시간대별 퇴원 가능한 환자의 비율을 분석하여 당일수술 가능여부를 판단하기 위하여 실시되었다. 자료수집은 1999년 2월 1일부터 동년 3월 31일까지 $\bigcirc\bigcirc$대학교 의과대학 부속병원에 입원하여 백내장, 편도선 비대, 탈장, 사시, 안검하수, 담석증, 질, 치루로 수술 받은 환자 353명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료 수집 방법은 설문지를 이용하여 설문과 면담을 하였고, 간호사용 마취 후 퇴원점수체계(PADS)를 이용하여 환자의 수술 후 활력징후, 활동력과 정신상태, 통증, 오심 구토, 출혈, 식이 및 배뇨 등의 환자상태를 조사하였다. 당일수술에 대한 인지도는 52.7%이었으며, 당일수술 의향이 있는 환자는 52.1%이었다. 당일수술을 받고 싶은 이유로는 "질병이 경미하고 수술이 간단하여"가 43.1%, "집에서 안정을 취해도 충분하므로"가 30.4%이었고, 당일수술을 받고 싶지 않는 이유는 "집에 있기 불안해서"가 56.5%로 가장 높았다. 당일수술 후 가장 염려되는 것은 응급 상황발생에 대한 것이었다. 당일수술의 가장 큰 장점은 입원기간 절약(39.1%)이었으며 단점은 응급상황 시 불안하다는 것이 53.9%로 가장 많았다. 환자의 주관적 판단에 의한 퇴원시기는 수술 후 1-2일이라고 생각하는 사람이 47.6%로 가장 많았다. 수술명에 따른 평균 재원일수는 백내장적출술 2.9일, 사시 교정술 2.2일, 편도선제거술 3일, 탈장교정술 3.8일, 안검복원술 2.2일, 담석증복강경술 4.9일, 치질제거술 4.1일, 치루제거술 4.6일로, 이들 전체의 평균 재원일수는 3.1일이었다. 수술 후 나타난 증상으로는 통증이 45.6%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 오심 구토(10.5%) 및 두통(7.9%)의 순이었다. 시간대별 퇴원 가능 환자 수는 3시간대에 95.2%, 12시간대에 99.2%, 24시간대에는 100%로 나타나 이 연구에서 선정된 모든 수술이 마취 후 퇴원점수체계에 의한 24시간 이내 퇴원 기준을 충족시켰고, 통상적으로 당일수술 3시간 뒤에 환자가 퇴원하는 것을 고려하면 의학적인 측면에서 당일수술이 가능한 수술은 백내장적출술과 사시교정술로 판단되었다. 당일수술의 경과에 대한 설명과 수술 시행 후에 환자들에게 발생할지도 모르는 응급상황에 대한 대처 방안이 잘 강구 된다면 당일수술의 수요가 증가할 것이며, 그 서비스에 대한 만족도도 높아져 당일수술이 활성화될 것이다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

지진재해대책법이 2009년 3월에 발효됨에 따라 가속도 지진관측을 수행하여야 할 기관이 대폭 확대되었다. 소방방재청의 추정에 의하면 최소 400개소의 자유장 가속도 관측소가 설치될 예정이다. 지진계측기의 성능 향상과 통신 기술의 발달로 지진관측소 설치가 보편화되면서 지진관측의 주 기능이 신속 피해 예측과 경보 발령 등 지진방재에 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 전환되고 있다. 신속 지진피해 예측의 기반기술인 실시간 지진동 영상화기법을 소개하였다. 이 기술은 신속한 지진피해 평가를 위한 실시간 자료 취합뿐 아니라 시각적으로 정보를 파악할 수 있도록 개발되어 활용되고 있다. 한편 지진피해는 주로 S 파와 연속되는 표면파에 의해 발생한다. 최초로 도달하는 P 파로부터 최대 지반운동 크기와 지진 피해를 예측하여 경보를 발령하는 것이 지진조기경보체계이다. 지진조기경보의 기술개발 현황과 함께 2007년 오대산지진에 적용한 예를 소개하였다. 조기경보 기술은 기상청의 지진통보 체계를 획기적으로 개선시킬 수 있다. 또한 지역별로 분산된 주요 국가 시설물의 지진방재를 위해 활용할 수 있는 분산형 조기경보 시스템의 구성과 활용방안을 제안하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.958-969
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• 1998

In this study, we attempted to investigate the needs and problems of the terminal cancer patients and their family caregivers to provide them with nursing information to improve their quality of life and prepare for a peaceful death. Data was collected from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996 at the internal medicine unit of S hospital in Seoul area with the two groups of participants who were family members of terminal cancer patients seventy four of them were in-patients and 34 were out-patients who were discharged from the same hospital for home care. The research tool used in this study has been developed by selecting the questionnaires from various references, modifying them for our purpose and refining them based on the results of preliminary study. While general background information about the patients was obtained by reviewing their medical records, all other information was collected by interviewing the primary family caregivers of the patients using the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with the SPSS PC/sup +/ program. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Most frequently complained symptoms of the terminal cancer patients were in the order of pain(87%), weakness(86.1%), anorexia(83.3%) and fatigue (80.6%). 2) Main therapies for the terminal cancer patients were pain control (58.3%), hyperalimentation(47.2%) and antibiotics(21.3%). 3) Special medical devices that terminal cancer patients used most were oxygen device (11.1%), and feeding tube(5.6%). Other devices were used by less than 5% of the patients. 4) The mobility of 70.4% of the patients was worse than ECOG 3 level, they had to stay in bed more than 50% of a day. 5) Patients wanted their medical staffs to help relieve pain(45.4%), various physical symptoms(29.6%), and problems associated with their emotion(11.1%). 6) 16.7% of the family caregivers hoped for full recovery of the patients, refusing to admit the status of the patients. Also, 37% wished for the extension of the patient's life at least for 6 months. 7) Only 38.9% of the family members was preparing for the patient's funeral. 8) 45.4% of family caregivers prefer hospital as the place for the patient's death, 39.8% their own home, and 14.8% undetermined. 9) Caregivers of the patients were mostly close family members, i.e., spouse(62%), and sons and daughters or daughter-in-laws(21.3%). 10) 43.5% of the family caregivers were aware of hospice care. 46.8% of them learned about the hospice care from the mass media, 27.7% from health professionals, and the rest from books and other sources. 11) Caregivers were asked about the most difficult problems they encounter in home care, 41 of them pointed out the lack of health professionals they can contact, counsel and get help from in case of emergency, 17 identified the difficulty of finding appropriate transportation to hospital, and 13 stated the difficulty of admission in hospital as needed. 12) 93.6% of family caregivers demanded 24-hour hot line, 80% the visiting nurses and doctors, and 69.4% the volunteer's help. The above results indicate that terminal patients and their family caregivers demand help from qualified health professionals whenever necessary. Hospice care system led by well-trained medical and nursing staffs is one of the viable answers for such demands.