• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2009

Purpose : This study is a descriptive correlation study to offer the basic materials for developing the preventive program of continuously increasing AIDS in the young people by examining the knowledge and attitude of AIDS in college students. Methods : The period of data collection was from May 1 to 15, 2009, 300 freshman, sophomore and junior students who understood the purpose of the research and agreed to participate in the questionnaire were randomly sampled, structured questionnaire was distributed to them and their responses were collected. Instruments used for this study included those used by Kim and Lee and revised and complemented by this researcher to measure the knowledge of AIDS and those by Yun and Lee revised and complemented by the researcher to measure the attitude of AIDS. For data analysis, it measured technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/PC 12.0. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The whole knowledge of AIDS the subjects had scored 58.9 and their average attitude scored $3.78(1{\pm}25)$. 2. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on general characteristics and health-related characteristics of the subjects, it was found that the students at the department of emergency medical showed higher knowledge(t=3.638, p=.001) and positive attitude of AIDS(t=3.330, p=.001) compared to students at other majors. 3. In the degree of knowledge of AIDS depending on AIDS-related education, subjects who had experienced AIDS education(t=1.973, p=.050), those with the experience of theory education(F=4.057, p=.008), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=4.588, p=.000), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.898, p=.004) showed higher know1edge of AIDS. In the attitude of AIDS, subjects with theory-oriented AIDS education(F=3.012, p=.032), those who felt the necessity of AIDS education(t=2.445, p=.015), and those who were willing to take part in AIDS education(t=2.379, p=.018) showed positive attitude of AIDS education. 4. As the knowledge of AIDS the subjects was higher(r=.329, p=.000), they showed more positive attitude of AIDS and it meant that there was positive correlations. Conclusion : Consequently, systematic, concrete and continuous education of AIDS suitable to the requirements of college students is needed to induce changes of their knowledge and attitude of AIDS and for this, AIDS education program which can be used properly by the developmental stages of college students who belong to late adolescence should be developed in the field of school and if possible, curriculum of sex education including AIDS education should be established in all departments of college.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

Purpose: The study examined disaster recognition, disaster preparedness, and the willingness to participate in disaster response among healthcare students. It also identified the factors that can improve healthcare students' willingness to participate in disaster response. Methods: A structured questionnaire was designed, and data were collected from 171 students, who agreed to participate in the study at C-province between December 14, 2022, and December 28, 2022. Results: The scores of disaster preparedness and the willingness to participate in disaster response were 3.22 and 3.53, respectively. The willingness to participate in disaster response was high among those who had experienced a disaster and had disaster-related education. Furthermore, the willingness to participate in disaster response was significantly and positively correlated with disaster preparedness (r = 1.357, p<.001). Conclusion: It is important to mandate the provision of disaster preparedness education to increase the level and quality of disaster preparedness and the willingness to participate in disaster response.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 2007

Purpose: With a view to providing basic data to develop cardiopulmonary resuscitation education suitable for elementary students, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation education was conducted to grasp students' knowledge, skills accuracy and the attitude change before and after the education. Methods: Convenience sampling was made on fourth and fifth graders(total-35 students) of S elementary school located in K city, Chungcheongnam-do, and this was a pre-experiment research designed before and after choosing a single group. In terms of methods, specifically we, researchers ; 1) Handed out questionnaires to students directly to make them fill in firsthand and collected the questionnaires. 2) Utilized PPT materials based on 2005 AHA guideline and DVD materials of AHA, to give students theoretical education of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We used Anne/SkillReporter$^{(R)}$ torso produced by Leardal Inc, and Little Anne to conduct practical education individually. 3) Asked students to give Anne/SkillReporter$^{(R)}$ torso cardiopulmonary resuscitation five times with the ratio of 30 : 2, and then one of researchers filled in the evaluation sheet individually. 4) Evaluated the accuracy of students' ability to perform the resuscitation based on the record of Anne/SkillReporter$^{(R)}$ integrated printer(which was the objective tool to grasp students' skills accuracy). 5) Gave out questionnaires to make students fill them in and then collected them. after completing the practical evaluation. Results: 1) In case of the attitude about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Students' confidency rose from 19.28%(before the education) to 93.57(after the education)- which is a positive change. 2) As the result of the education, some elementary students scored 11 points (full score-16 points), up from 5 points before the education, in terms of the knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The average point also reached 13.14 points(after the education), jump from 8.37(before the education), which was the rise of 29.8%. 3) When it comes to the practical performance, the skills accuracy was 80.93% on average, and the calculation method was as follows: total items were 16, and each item was marked form 0 to 2 points, meaning the full score was 32 points. The minimum score was 19 points and the maximum was 32($M{\pm}SD=25.90{\pm}2.88$), which was calculated based on percentage. 4) Regarding skills accuracy, respiration accuracy(%)($M{\pm}SD=30.20{\pm}27.16$) was higher than pressure accuracy(%) ($M{\pm}SD=15.34{\pm}25.27$). Conclusion: The result showed that students' attitude on cardiopulmonary resuscitation changed positively. and meaningful difference(p = .00) existed in the change of students' knowledge. In terms of skills accuracy. chest compression and airway control showed high accuracy, but the result of Anne/SkillReporter$^{(R)}$ performance showed that the accuracy of chest compression was lower than that of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.223-236
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• 2016

As the medical environment and dental services change, the importance of educating dentists in responses to systemic emergencies is increasing. The current student-oriented education paradigm is moving towards training students in the abilities required to address the daily crises they will face, while also providing them with the ability to deliver knowledge. Before addressing a patient's situation, emergency physicians begin by diagnosing symptoms. As they must decide on the tests and treatments that are immediately required and must solve problems through interdisciplinary treatment, emergency physicians require additional skills and communication abilities besides clinical knowledge. Since dentistry colleges provide education that emphasizes the skills dentists require to treat oral diseases, they do not have sufficient time to teach emergency care. Additionally, because their professors lack expertise in pedagogy, dental students also have insufficient motivation to study the pathophysiology of systemic diseases. This review proposes a direction of teaching that can help dental students recognize problems and situations in emergency cases and that can help them develop their capability to immediately make a decision and resolve the problem. To do this, the author surveyed the educational philosophy and knowledge provided in the instructional design of clinical professors who give lectures on emergency care, and also examined the teaching methods of the learner-oriented education paradigm.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develope the Complete Airway Obstruction Maneuver Training Program and identify its effects on learning motivation, knowledge and skill of choking management in the primary school students. The subjects for the experimental group of 38 students and the control group of 39 students, all of whom are primary school students in Gwangju, the Republic of Korea. A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used and data were collected from November to December, 2003. During about 2 weeks, 2 times for a week with 80 minutes at a time, the complete airway obstruction maneuver training program was conducted in the experimental group. Experimental data were analyzed through SPSS/win 11.0 PC+, and the tests examining general characteristics between the experimental group and the control group were conducted through $x^2$-test. Fisher's exact probability test and t-test, and identifying the effect of the complete airway obstruction Maneuver training program was analysed through t-test and ANCOVA. The results of the study were as follows: 1. After intervention on the complete airway obstruction maneuver training program, Learning motivation in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. 2. After intervention on the complete airway obstruction maneuver training program, knowledge of choking management the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(F=223.637, p=.000). 3. After intervention on the complete airway obstruction maneuver training program, skill of choking management the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=46.800, p=.014). These findings suggest that the complete airway obstruction maneuver training program can facilitate learning motivation, knowledge and skill of choking management in the primary school students. Therefore it is considered that the complete airway obstruction maneuver training program can be utilized as a effective way to implement the 7th national curriculum for creative extra-activities.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the level of ethical values and its related factors among some paramedic students. Methods: The subjects of this study were 480 paramedic students from five universities located in G-metropolitan city and J province. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean scores of level of ethical values, academic self-efficacy and self-esteem were $3.70{\pm}0.45$, $3.15{\pm}0.42$ and $3.60{\pm}0.70$, respectively. In the correlation analysis, ethical value level was significantly positively correlated with self-esteem (r=.195, p< .001) and academic self-efficacy (r=.156, p= .001), of domains in academic self-efficacy, self-regulation efficacy (r=.230, p< .001) and confidence (r=.105, p= .022). In multiple regression analysis, self-esteem (${\beta}=.163$, p= .026), task ease preferences (${\beta}=-.350$, p< .001) and confidence (${\beta}=.403$, p< .001) were significantly related to ethical value levels. In addition, subjects willing to participate in the bioethics education showed higher relevance to ethical values than indifferent subjects (${\beta}=2.751$, p= .003). Conclusion: Concrete and systematic education will be needed in order to foster the establishment of ethical values of the paramedic students. Additionally, to fulfill their roles and obligations as emergency medical technicians, in the field, various educational curricula based on simulated cases in the university should be introduced.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.7-16
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion from different positions, using different methods, on the quality of the insertion, for identifying a more convenient and effective insertion method. Methods: In a model ambulance, 30 paramedic students performed the LMA insertion procedure, in four different settings, combinations of the rescuer's position (at the head end of the patient, at the side of the patient), and insertion technique (index finger insertion, thumb insertion), in a randomized order. Quality of insertion index and convenience of use were measured. Results: The quality of insertion index (tidal volume, gastric insufflation, airway pressure, airway sealing pressure, midline positions, insertion success grade, and insertion time) were not significantly different among four different settings. However LMA insertion from the anterior (head) end, using the index finger method compared to the thumb method was found to be significantly more convenient. Conclusion: We recommend using the more convenient and familiar LMA insertion method, between index finger insertion and thumb insertion, regardless of rescuer's position.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a pathogenic bacteria filtration instrument for infection prevention during mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Methods: Two kinds of face shields were used for the study. One rescuer blew the filter through a bag valve mask and the filter was then cultured for bacteria. The mask was tested both on the front and back side. Results: Two kinds of face shields including the KF shield and CM shield were tested. The KF shield has received national certification and it prevented transmission of bacterial infection but the CM shield showed the opposite result and did not prevent bacterial transmission. Pathogenic bacteria were found on the back of the CM shield. Conclusion: A certified face shield is very important to prevent bacterial transmission. Face shields should be demonstrated and used by paramedic students.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to get basal user guidelines of safer bag-valve-mask application on patient with normal pulmonary patho-physiologic condition. Methods : This study was accomplished by pre-qualified 25 EMS junior grade students. Participants were instructed randomly compress bag to one-third, half and total and also with differesnt compression speed. Resultant tidal volumes and mean airway pressures obtained in RespiTrainer were analysed in relation to the each compression depth and rate. Results : Demographic difference does not affect tidal volume with any compression depth and rate change. Increasing compression depth is correlated with tidal volume increasement at any compression rate and also with mean airway pressure. If the compression depth is same, compression rate change did not affect significantly the resultant tidal volume or mean airway pressure. Conclusion : Hand size, Experience, BMI dose not affect tidal volume. Compress the 1600 ml bag half to total amount is safe way to offer sufficient tidal volume without risky high airway pressure delivery to patient airway who with normal lung patho-physiologic condition.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2012

Purpose : This research was designed to provide basic data for advanced pre-hospital airway management by comparing the time to ventilation and success rate for tracheal intubation performed with Macintosh laryngoscope and intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway(ILMA) in a manikin. Methods : All participants were novice users among EMT-Paramedic students and were divided into two groups: (1) the group for Macintosh laryngoscope guided tracheal intubation(MLG-TI) (2) the group for ILMA guided tracheal intubation(ILMA-TI). After an introductory lecture and demonstration, each group made an attempt ten tracheal intubation to compare the ventilation time and success rate for tracheal intubation. Results : 1) There was significant difference in the time to ventilation through MLG-TI, the time to first and second ventilation through ILMA-TI of the 10 attempts. 2) The time to first ventilation through ILMA-TI was significantly shorter than that of ventilation through MLG-TI. 3) There was no significant difference between the time to ventilation through MLG-TI and the time to second ventilation through ILMA-TI. 4) The success rates of ILMA-TI were significantly higher than those of MLG-TI. Conclusion : ILMA-TI can be an alternative method for MLG-TI in advanced pre-hospital airway management.