• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

This study compared evacuation effectiveness between the conventional school auditorium plan and a suggested hypothetical plan that was generated by a mathematical model, which is commonly applied in the field of industrial engineering. Recent school buildings became much more complicated in floor planning due to new social needs and modern curriculum than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to floor composition in terms of fire emergency evacuation planning, still has no relation to optimized effective but relies more on an conventional school planning. Therefore, since school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events than any other building types, emergency exit effectiveness based on spatial composition has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type(node) per floor and the minimum physical distance between spatial types(arc), can propose the most optimized spatial layout per floor regarding emergency evacuation event. Consequently, this study evaluated school's fire exit effectiveness focusing on auditorium area with the scientific tool and suggested the most reliable spatial layout regarding possibile emergency evacuation event.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2016

This study compared evacuation effectiveness between the conventional school floor plan and a suggested hypothetical floor plan that was generated by a mathematical model that is commonly applied in the field of industrial engineering. Recent school buildings became much more complicated in floor planning due to the new educational system and modern curriculum than the old days. Nevertheless, architect's approach to floor composition in terms of fire emergency evacuation planning, still has no relation to optimized effective but relies more on a conventional school planning. Therefore, since elementary school buildings are much more likely to be exposed to any fire related events than middle school or high-school, emergency exit effectiveness based on spatial composition has to be seriously evaluated with a scientific method. The algorithm, which acquires the number of persons in each spatial type (node) per floor and the minimum physical distance between spatial types (arc), can propose the most optimized spatial compositing per floor regarding emergency evacuation event. Consequently, this study evaluated elementary school's fire exit effectiveness with the scientific tool and suggested the most reliable spatial composition per floor regarding possibile emergency evacuation event.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.687-698
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• 2011

In this study, it was analyzed by a numerical analysis that plan/design considerations for ensuring the spectator safety of large arena audiences in a fire emergency evacuation plan. The latest issue, the 'performance-based design', fire and evacuation plan is important. But nowadays 'Specification-based design' is in common. In evacuation simulation, congestion of exit and aisle is ignored because only evacuation time of large-space is mainly analyzed. In smoke flow,'smoke filling effect' tends to be overrated. From now on, when design a field house, it is needed not 'smoke filling effect' and 'large-space evacuation' analysis, but analyzing 'whole building evacuation time' for ensuring fire evacuation safety of spectator.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2017

Nowadays, the most of commercial buildings are build-out with complex architecture and decorated with more complicated interiors of buildings so establishing intelligible escape routes becomes an important case of fire or other emergency in a limited time. The commercial buildings are already equipped with multiple exit signs and these exit signs may create confusion and leads the people into different directions under emergency. This can jeopardize the emergency situation into a chaotic state, especially in a complex layout buildings. There are many research focused on implementing different approached to improve the exit sign system with better visual navigating effects, such as the use of laser beams, the combination of audio and video cues, etc. However the digital signage system based emergency exit sign management is one of the best solution to guide people under emergency situations to escape. This research paper, propose an intelligent evacuation route GUIDE that uses the combination centralized Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and digital signage for people safety and avoids dangers from emergency conditions. This proposed system applies WSN to detect the environment condition in the building and uses an evacuation algorithm to estimate the safe route to escape using the sensor information and then activates the signage system to display the safe evacuation route instruction GUIDE according to the location the signage system is installed. This paper presented the prototype of the proposed signage system and execution time to find the route with future research directions. The proposed system provides a natural intelligent evacuation route interface for self or remote operation in facility management to efficiently GUIDE people to the safe exit under emergency conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2010

The most effective and economic way for the mitigation planing against tsunami disasters is to develop an emergency action plan along the coastline vulnerable to unexpected tsunami attacks. The plan should be developed based on the historical tsunami events and the projected scenarios. In this study, an evacuation simulation is made based on the projected scenarios at Imwon Port as a part of the emergency action plan. The produced simulation could be used by the authorized organizations in a disaster training against tsunami attacks.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.148-157
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• 2009

When an emergency situation happens in buildings, the top priority is to ensure the occupant from danger as soon as possible. Achieving that goal is a multifaceted and difficult task. However, current evacuation systems have many deficiencies in dealing with the emergency in multi-level structures. The shortage of abilities to continuously update database, predict the future situation and provide the information to users with contextual information is the limit in current systems. Thus, it is very crucial to introduce Evacuation Information System (EIS), which is able to respond quickly to the emergency, and transfer the information to both the administrator and the occupant. The main purpose of this paper is to build EIS on the basis of the indoor Geographical Information System (GIS). When the emergency happens, EIS gives the instruction to Emergency Response Model (ERM) at once. ERM carries out the order and calculates the optimal evacuation routes, then sends the result to EIS. At last, EIS transmits evacuation messages to the occupant who implements evacuation plan. This paper highlights the benefits of EIS in two aspects. One is that EIS can update the data continuously to support evacuation strategy-making. The other is that it can transmit evacuation messages to both the administrator and the occupant.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2017

Emergencies and disasters can happen any time without any warning, and things can change and escalate very quickly, and often it is swift and decisive actions that make all the difference. It is a responsibility of the building facility management to ensure that a proven evacuation plan in place to cover various worst scenario to handled automatically inside the facility. To mapping out optimal safe escape routes is a straightforward undertaking, but does not necessarily guarantee residents the highest level of protection. The emergency evacuation navigation approach is a state-of-the-art that designed to evacuate human livings during an emergencies based on real-time decisions using live sensory data with pre-defined optimum path finding algorithm. The poor decision on causalities and guidance may apparently end the evacuation process and cannot then be remedied. This paper propose a cloud connected emergency evacuation system model to react dynamically to changes in the environment in emergency for safest emergency evacuation using IoT based emergency exit sign system. In the previous researches shows that the performance of optimal routing algorithms for evacuation purposes are more sensitive to the initial distribution of evacuees, the occupancy levels, and the type and level of emergency situations. The heuristic-based evacuees routing algorithms have a problem with the choice of certain parameters which causes evacuation process in real-time. Therefore, this paper proposes an evacuee routing algorithm that optimizes evacuation by making using high computational power of cloud servers. The proposed algorithm is evaluated via a cloud-based simulator with different "simulated casualties" are then re-routed using a Dijkstra's algorithm to obtain new safe emergency evacuation paths against guiding evacuees with a predetermined routing algorithm for them to emergency exits. The performance of proposed approach can be iterated as long as corrective action is still possible and give safe evacuation paths and dynamically configure the emergency exit signs to react for real-time instantaneous safe evacuation guidance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1979-1990
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• 2021

Evacuation Time Estimate (ETE) can provide decision-makers with a likelihood to implement evacuation of a population with radiation exposure risk by a nuclear power plant. Thus, the ETE is essential for developing an emergency response preparedness. However, studies on ETE have not been conducted adequately in Korea to date. In this study, different cohorts were selected based on assumptions. Existing local data were collected to construct a multi-model network by TSIS-CORSIM code. Furthermore, several links were aggregated to make simple calculations, and post-processing was conducted for dealing with the stochastic property of TSIS-CORSIM. The average speed of each cohort was calculated by the link aggregation and post-processing, and the evacuation time was estimated. As a result, the average cohort-based evacuation time was estimated as 2.4-6.8 h, and the average clearance time from ten simulations in 26 km was calculated as 27.3 h. Through this study, uncertainty factors to ETE results, such as classifying cohorts, degree of model complexity, traffic volume outside of the network, were identified. Various studies related to these factors will be needed to improve ETE's methodology and obtain the reliability of ETE results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.2195-2206
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• 2021

In order to mitigate the damage caused by accidents in nuclear power plants (NPPs), evacuation strategies are usually managed on the basis of off-site effects such as the diffusion of radioactive materials and evacuee traffic simulations. However, the interactive behavior between evacuees and the accident environment has a significant effect on the consequential gap. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a method that can control and observe such interactions by establishing agents (i.e., the evacuees) and patches (i.e., the accident environments). In this paper, a radiological emergency evacuation model is constructed to realistically check the effectiveness of an evacuation strategy using NetLogo, an ABM toolbox. Geographic layers such as radiation sources, roads, buildings, and shelters were downloaded from an official geographic information system (GIS) of Korea, and were modified into respective patches. The dispersion model adopted from the puff equation was also modified to fit the patches on the geographic layer. The evacuees were defined as vehicle agents and a traffic model was implemented by combining the shortest path search (determined by an A ^* algorithm) and a traffic flow model incorporated in the Nagel-Schreckenberg cellular automata model. To evaluate the radiological harm to the evacuees due to the spread of radioactive materials, a simple exposure model was established to calculate the overlap fraction between the agents and the dispersion patches. This paper aims to demonstrate that the potential of ABM can handle disaster evacuation strategies more realistically than previous approaches.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.640-644
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• 2007

The purpose of the present research is to provide a plan for an effective evacuation of residents and people who's in need of evacuation (such as children, the handicapped, and the old) and for the situation when staircase is not available for evacuation, by means of analyzing the evacuation behavioral characteristics of the residents or the evacuators and suggesting an evacuation plan using an emergency elevator in order to minimize casualties in case when fire broke out in a skyscraper.