• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

Effects of growth regulators and culture conditions on seed germination, haustorium development, and callus formation of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi) were described. Histological examination showed that seed of V. album contained one or two zygotic embryos with rod shape, and actively dividing cells were mainly distributed in radicle region rather than cotyledon of zygotic embryo. The most significant factor for seed germination and haustorium development of V. album was the requirement of the light. Various growth regulators examined in this study failed to substitute the effect of the light on seed germination. The frequency of callus formation was highest at 27.3% when flower buds were cultured onto B5 medium containing $0.1\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA. Explants from other organs were recalcitrant in forming calluses. Culture conditions described in this study could be applied for production of useful metabolites and multiplication of V. album in future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate mass propagation technique by using seed and vegetative propagation of Kalopanax pictus Nakai. For developing seed propagation, seed stratification and 1$0^{\circ}C$ after-ripening treatment induced embryo growth within 1 weeks, resulted in increasing germination rate of seeds up to more than 65% when planted. The softwood cutting using one year old shoot increased rooting rate to 69% whereas more than 1 year old shoot looked like inappropriate for cutting propagation. In the cutting timing, the rooting rate on June, 13 cutting of the first growth shoot was the highest, followed by June 20 and July 4. The most efficient cutting timing seemed to be the middle of June. When cutted shoots were soaked for 30 minute with IBA and NAA 1000mg.$L^{-1}$, rooting rate was increased above 70%. As the concentrations of plant hormone were increased above 2000mg.$L^{-1}$, the rooting rate was slowly decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.40-46
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• 2001

The use of pluripotent stem cells has tremendous advantages for various purposes but these cell lines with proven germ-line transmission have been completely established only in the mouse. Embryonic germ (EG) cell lines are also pluripotent and undifferentiated stem cells established from primordial germ cells (PGCs). This study was conducted to establish and characterize the chicken EG cells derived from gonadal primordial germ cells. We isolated gonadal PGCs from 5.5-day-old (stage 28) White leghorn (WL) embryos and established chicken EG cells lines with EG culture medium supplemented with human stem cell factor (hSCF), murine leukemia inhibitory factor (mLIF), bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), human interleukin-11 (hIL-11), and human insulin-like growth factor-I (hIGF-I). These cells grew continuously for 4 months (10 passages) on a feeder layer of mitotically active chicken embryonic fibroblasts. These cells were characterized by screening with the Periodic acid-Shiff＇s reaction, anti-SSEA-1 antibody, and a proliferation assay after several passages. As the results, the chicken EG cells maintained characteristics of undifferentiated stem cells as well as that of gonadal PGCs. When cultured in suspension, the chicken EG cells successfully formed an embryoid body and differentiated into a variety of cell types when re-seeded onto culture dish. The chicken EG cells were injected into blastodermal layer at stage X and dorsal aorta of recipient embryo at stage 14 (incubation of 53hrs) and produced chimeric chickens with various differentiated tissues derived from the EG cells. The germline chimeras were also successfully induced by using EG cells. Thus, Chicken EG cells will be useful for the production of transgenic chickena and for studies of germ cell differentiation and genomic imprinting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

In vitro culture of panicle has been the method to accumulate starch and protein in immature grains by providing nutrients after florets crossed between remote genotypes artificially. Grain filling means embryo development and sucrose translocation from photosynthetic source, and starch manufacture in endosperm. The concentrations of sucrose used to culture immature rice panicle were 5, 10, 15, 20% and glutamine was 20 mM. When immature rice panicles at 5 days after flowering were cultured in distilled water with different concentrations of sucrose, glutamine 20 mM and MS medium with different concentrations of sucrose, glutamine 20 mM for 30 days the later was effective on grain filling. The optimal concentration of sucrose on grain filling in vitro culture of rice panicle was 10% and the weight of grain cultured was 10.14 mg that was corresponded to 57% of intact plant. In the method of treating plant growth regulators, the culture of immature rice panicle adding in MS medium with Kinetin, IAA, $\textrm{GA}_3$ were effective on grain filling than the culturing of immature rice panicle after submerging in solutions of Kinetin, IAA, $\textrm{GA}_3$ for 1day. When immature rice panicle was cultured in MS medium with sucrose 10% and Kinetin 46.47 $\mu$M it was effective on grain filling, respectively. The weight of grain cultured was 13.1mg that was corresponded to 75% of intact and germination rate was 51 %. When immature rice panicles were cultured in medium with different concentrations combined with Kinetin 4.65, 46.47, 464.7 $\mu\textrm{M}$, IAA 5.71, 57.08, 570.80 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 30 days and in medium with IAA 5.71, 57.08, 570.80 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 15 days after culturing in medium with Kinetin 4.65, 46.47, 464.70 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 15 days the effect on grain filling was similar.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1993

In 27 patients with the past history of poor response to the gonadotropin superovulation induction due to poor follicular growth or permature surge of endogenous luteinizing hormone, the effectiveness of pituitary supperssion with the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) in in vitro fertilization(IVF) program was evaluated in 43 cycles using a combination regimen of D-Trp-6 LHRH(Decapeptyl, Ferring)and FSH/hMG from June, 1989 to August, 1990 at Korea University Hospital IVF Clinic. At midluteal phase of menstrual cycle, Decapeptyl-CR was administered by long-term protocol to minimize initial agonistic effect of endogenous gonadotropins. After the confirmation of pituitary suppression, about 2-3 weeks after GNRH-a administration, ovarian follicle growth was stimulated with FSH/hMG and followed by transvaginal ultrasonic measurement of follicle size and by monitoring of serm E2 and LH if necessary. When compared with the control group stimulated with gonadotropin regimen only, the cancellation rate and occurrence rate of premature LH surge during gonadotropin treatment were significantly lower in study group(11.6% and 2.4%, respectively). There is no significant differences in the mean number of aspirated oocytes, fertilization/cleavage rate, embryo transfer(ET) rate, and mean number of embryos transferred between the two groups. The pregnancy rate per treatment cycle, 16.3%, and per ET cycle, 23.3%, were significantly higher in the study group compared with those of control group. These data suggest that GnRH-a therapy is effective for previous poor responder In gonadotropin superovulation induction for IVF.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2005

Effective micropropagation system via somatic embryognesis was established for a Phytophthora resistant Aralia elata cultivar. Different kinds of growth regulators were needed to induce embryogenic callus with different explant sources. When leaf explants were used, a combination of 2,4-D, TDZ and L-glutamine was needed, whereas when petiole and root explants needed only 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Embryogenic callus induction rate under the optimum culture condition was 75.0%, 67.0% and 83.0% from leaf, petiole and root segment, respectively. Somatic embryo germination and plantlet conversion rate appeared to be influenced greatly by various osmoticums. More than 90% of embryos germinated when treated with sucrose, glucose and maltose. However, the highest conversion rate (72%) was recorded on medium with 2% sucrose only. The converted plantlets grew normally on 1/2MS basal medium, were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture and survived more than 95% in the greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the species can be clonally propagated through in vitro culture system via somatic embryogenesis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2004

This study was performed to measure the antioxidant effects of red ginseng extracts which antioxidation had been promoted through enzyme hydrolysis. In order to observe their tumor-suppressing effects, an anti-cancer medicine and Saponin-SOD, which was a highly antioxidant beverage made from red ginseng saponin adding SOD-like rice (with embryo buds) extracts, were administered to nude mice with large intestine cancer induced. There was a significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds as the enzyme was added. The red ginseng extracts showed a high electron-donating ability with the passage of time. The electron-donating ability was particularly high in the enzyme-treated red ginseng extract, and also observed as high in Saponin-SOD. The lipid-peroxide generation was inhibited depending on the concentration of Saponin-SOD added; the addition of 0.625% Saponin-SOD served to decrease the inhibition level up to 65% compared with the case of no addition (100%). As a result, it could be assumed that Saponin-SOD would strongly inhibit the oxidation of ghost membrane. After the cancer was induced in nude mice through the injection of SNUC-4 cell, there was a significant inhibition in the growth of tumors in nude mice into which Saponin-SOD were injected; the growth of tumors was gradually decreasing with the passage of time after the cancer induction. In particular, when Saponin-SOD was administered together with an anti-cancer medicine, the synergic effect was observed. In conclusion, Saponin-SOD, when used with an anti-cancer medicine, is expected to reduce the amount of free radical and lipid peroxide, which are known to cause harmful effects occurring from the internal application of medicine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2016

Angiogenesis plays an essential role in embryo development, tissue repair, inflammatory diseases, and tumor growth. In the present study, we showed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) regulates retinal angiogenesis. Mice that lack eNOS showed growth retardation, and retinal vessel development was significantly delayed. In addition, the number of tip cells and filopodia length were significantly reduced in mice lacking eNOS. Retinal endothelial cell proliferation was significantly blocked in mice lacking eNOS, and EMG-2-induced endothelial cell sprouting was significantly reduced in aortic vessels isolated from eNOS-deficient mice. Finally, pericyte recruitment to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cell coverage to blood vessels were attenuated in mice lacking eNOS. Taken together, we suggest that the endothelial cell function and blood vessel maturation are regulated by eNOS during retinal angiogenesis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2015

Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Olgeurumil) were infected with Penicillium sp. at mean infection rate of 83%. Penicillium sp. was detected in endosperm with bran but not in embryo. Gaseous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) effectively inhibited growth of Penicillium sp. at concentration of 5 to $20{\mu}g/ml$. As treatment duration was extended from 1 to 3 h, growth of Penicillium sp. was completely suppressed even at $10{\mu}g/ml$. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. at 30% relative humidity (RH). However, the incidence of Penicillium sp. was 27.7% at 50% RH, further those were 3.5% and 0.2% at 70% and 80% RH, respectively. Seed germination was not affected by $ClO_2$ treatment at all the RH conditions. Water-soaked seeds (30% seed moisture content) showed a drastic reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. when treated at more than $10{\mu}g/ml$ of $ClO_2$. The incidences of Penicillium sp. were 3.3, 1.8 and 1.2% at 10, 15 and $20{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The incidence of Penicillium sp. in dry seeds with 9.7% seed moisture content did not reduce when treated with 5 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ at 50% RH although it tended to decrease as $ClO_2$ concentration increased to $20{\mu}g/ml$. Seed germination was not affected by $ClO_2$ treatment at the tested concentrations. These results indicated that gaseous $ClO_2$ was effective disinfectant to wheat seeds infected with Penicillium sp. and that the effectiveness of $ClO_2$ strongly increased when moisture content around or inside of the seed was increased.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2020

In maize, immature embryos (IEs) are highly regenerative explants most suitable for producing high frequencies of plantlet regeneration in vitro. Apart from media, explants, and hormones, genotypic variation also influences in vitro characters to a great extent. In the present study, IEs were used to study the distinctive effect of variation of size/stage and hormones in different genotypes on five in vitro characters viz., frequency of callus induction, growth rate of total callus, frequency of E. callus induction, and volume and number of regenerated plantlets. LS medium with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/L) were used to study the former four in vitro characters, and medium with 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin (0.5 mg/L, each) was used for plantlet regeneration. IEs of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm in size were isolated from four inbred lines viz., NM74C, NM81A, NM5883 and NM5884. Two-way ANOVA revealed that explant size and genotypes, as well as hormonal concentrations showed significant effects on in vitro characters. Two millimeter IEs were found to be suitable for in vitro cultures. LS medium with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and LS with BAP and Kn (0.5 mg/L, each) were found to be the best hormonal concentrations for callus induction, maintenance, and regeneration, respectively. Among the four genotypes, NM81A and NM5883 yielded more non-embryogenic and Type I E. calli. In contrast, NM74C and NM5884 yielded more highly regenerative Type II calli. Inbred line NM5884 was found to be the best among these four genotypes.