• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1993

To investigate the effect of extracellular matrix proteins on the in vitro development of ethanol-induced parthenogenetic eggs of ICR strain mice, those were cultured in vitro in fibronectin, gelatin, or collagen precoated culture dishes containing 1.5 ml of NaH-C03$_3$-BMOC-3 medium at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 96 hrs. under the atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air. Fibronectin, gelatin, or collagen significantly(P$\pm$1.4, 45.4i1.4, and 44.8$\pm$O.9, respectively. And the diameter of those eggs ranged 104.6$\pm$1.9, 102.8$\pm$2.3, and 103.4$\pm$O.8 $\mu$m, respectively.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1997

This study was carried out to compare the actual size(length and height) of ovaries, follicles and corpora lutea of Korean native cow with those on sonograms. We used 3 different probes(3.5 MHz abdominal probe, 6.5 MHz transvaginal probe and 5.0 MHz transrectal probe) and a calipher for measurements of ovaries, follicles and corpora lutea on sonograms and actual size. Under water immersion, 157 ovaries were scanned with 3 probes and measured in actual size and compared each other. The average height and width of ovaries of Korean native cows were 17.40$\pm$3.99 and 34.23$\pm$6.02mm, respectively. In comparison of height, length of ovaries and preovulation follicles, we found that image with a transvaginal probe was nearly the same as the actual size(p<0.01), but with an abdominal probe the image was appeared larger than the actual size. In measurement(diameter) of preovulation follicles the transvaginal probe was proven to be more accurate to the actual size than other probes and in corpus luteum measurement all probes were accurate. In the comparison of number of follicles by different size ranges, there was no statistical difference in the count of follicles over 10 mm in diameter between the transvaginal probe and naked eyes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.156-166
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• 2024

Pigs are genetically, anatomically, and physiologically similar to humans. Recently, pigs are in the spotlight as a suitable source animal for xenotransplantation. However, to use pigs as source animals, pigs should be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities. There is abundant data from embryo transfer (ET) experiments using farm pigs as surrogates, but data on ET experiments using minipigs are scarce. Eighty minipigs were used for ET experiments and after transplantation, the implantation and delivery rates were investigated. It was also confirmed whether the pregnancy rate could be increased by changing the condition or surgical method of the surrogate. In the case of minipigs that gave birth, the size of the fetal sac on the 28th day of ET was also measured. The factors that can affect the pregnancy rate such as estrus synchronization program, ovulation status at the time of ET, the number of repeated ET surgeries, and the ET sites, were changed, and the differences on the pregnancy rate were observed. However there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate in minipigs. The diameter of the implanted fetal sac on the 28th day after ET in the minipigs whose delivery was confirmed was calculated to be 4.7 ± 0.5 cm. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate of minipigs in the comparative experiment on various factors affecting the pregnancy rate. However, additional experiments and analyses are needed due to the large individual differences of the minipigs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2017

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of Roscovitine (Rosco) prior to in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature pig oocyte. Brilliant cresyl blue test has been used to select the good quality of oocyte. Specifically, the effects of Rosco exposure on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, diameter, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and gene expression levels in SCNT embryos have been measured. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) have been exposed in $75{\mu}M$ of Rosco for 22 and 44 h. The COCs that were matured in the IVM for 44 h without Rosco used as control group. Diameter of matured porcine oocytes 44 h culture with Rosco was significantly lower than 22 h culture with Rosco and control groups. GSH was higher in control group than 22 h and 44 h with Rosco but reduction of ROS in 22 h than 44 h with Rosco. In PA, exposure with Rosco 44 h oocytes group has been significantly lower than 22 h and control group in rates of maturation, cleavage and blastocyst formation. Similarly, in SCNT embryos rates of maturation, cleavage and formation of blastocyst have been also significantly lower in 44 h Rosco treated group than other two groups. SCNT embryos treated with Rosco 22 h showed greater expression levels of POU5F1, DPPA2 and NDP52Il mRNA compared with other two groups. Our results demonstrate that Rosco treatment with 22 h prior to IVM improves the development competence of porcine oocyte.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.480-485
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• 1998

Application of trans rectal ultrasonography to buffaloes (n=6) to follow the growth of large antral follicles individually, on each day of one interovulatory interval revealed that follicular turnover during oestrous cycle occured in waves. There was a predominance of a two-wave pattern (5/6 animals) compared to that of a three-wave pattern (1/6 animals). For two-wave pattern, the first wave emerged at Day $0.20{\pm}0.19$ (Day 0 = day of ovulation) and was marked by development of a dominant anovulatory follicle which grew in size from $5.40{\pm}0.24mm$ at the day of detection to a maximum diameter of $12.40{\pm}0.81mm$ on Day $8.60{\pm}1.57$, with a growth rate of $0.88{\pm}0.17mm/day$ and then regressed, with a mean persistence of $19.40{\pm}1.54$ days. The second wave emerged at Day $9.20{\pm}1.06$ and was marked by development of a dominant ovulatory follicle which grew in size from $4.20{\pm}0.37mm$ at the day of detection to a maximum diameter of $13.80{\pm}0.37mm$ on Day $21.00{\pm}1.38$, with a growth rate of $0.66{\pm}0.12mm/day$ and then ovulated on Day $21.60{\pm}1.25$, with a mean persistence of $11.80{\pm}1.39$ days. The maximum diameters attained and the growth rates of dominant anovulatory and dominant ovulatory follicles, and the mean number of follicles ${\geq}3mm$ diameter detected at the time of emergence of first and second waves ($11.80{\pm}1.74$ and $9.00{\pm}2.81$, respectively) were not significantly different. In the animal which showed a three-wave pattern, the first, second and third waves emerged on Days 1, 10 and 19, respectively. All animals, except one had at least one subordinate follicle in the first or second or both waves. The subordinate follicles increased in diameter over a few days and then regressed. The results indicate that in buffaloes, the follicular turnover during oestrous cycle occurs predominantly in a two-wave pattern.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.355-362
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• 1999

Objective: This study was performed to compare the clinical response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) according to the size of baseline ovarian cyst. Method: From February 1992 to March 1999, a retrospective analysis was done of 272 cases who underwent COH using mid-luteal phase long protocol of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) for IVF-ET. These cases were divided into four group; group 1 (n=63) had cysts with mean diameters between 20.0 and 29.0 mm on their baseline ultrasound on cycle day 3, group 2 (n=57, $30.0{\sim}49.0mm$), group 3 (n=68, >50.0 mm) and control group (n=84). Cases were excluded according to the following criteria; pure male factor infertility, the presence of only one ovary, high CA-125 level and previous endometriosis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between cases with baseline ovarian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter and control group in any of the parameters. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst>50.0 mm in mean diameter needed more amount of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), showed significantly lower estradiol ($E_2$) level, the number of follicle >15.0 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, the number of oocytes retrieved, the number of mature oocytes, and pregnancy rate compared with control group. Conclusion: This study suggests that cases with baseline ovarian cyst <50.0 mm in diameter do not adversely impact on IVF-ET outcome. However, cases with baseline ovarian cyst >50.0 mm in diameter had adverse effects on various parameters. Therefore, to improve the outcome of IVF-ET in these cases, ovarian cyst aspiration prior to initiating COH may be required.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.10.1-10.10
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• 2023

Background: The collection of ovaries from slaughterhouses is an important source of oocytes for in vitro embryo production. On the other hand, the physiological stage of slaughtered females varies and influences embryo production. Objectives: The study examined the in vitro efficiency of embryos and demi-embryos from young, non-pregnant adult, and pregnant adult ewes from a local slaughterhouse. Methods: One thousand three hundred ovaries were collected from August to October 2020. The recovered oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured at 5% CO2, 38.5℃, and 100% humidity. Embryo bisection was performed in 96 blastocysts (n = 32 per treatment). The demiembryo pairs were incubated for their reconstitution for 12 h. SAS was used for data analysis. Results: The number of oocytes collected from the experimental group of non-pregnant adult ewes was higher (p ≤ 0.007) than those collected from the group of pregnant adult ewes (2.67 ± 0.19 vs. 2.18 ± 0.15 oocytes/group, respectively). The blastocyst rate was higher (p ≤ 0.0001) in the non-pregnant adult group (36.39%) than in the young (17.96%). The ratio of demi-embryos that recovered the blastocoelic cavity was higher (p < 0.05) in the young group (81.25%) than in the pregnant adult group (59.38%). The diameter of the demi-embryos was higher (p < 0.05) in the non-pregnant adult group (186.54 ± 8.70 ㎛) than those in the young and pregnant adult groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, the in vitro embryo production efficiency was highest when using oocytes from non-pregnant adult ewes under the conditions of this study.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

Serial ultrasonography was performed to measure the normal appearance of uterine during estrous cycle and to determine whether the unterine appearance was related to the sex hormone, progesterone and estrogen. The uterine appearances, shape, diameter and echogenicity were daily monitored with ultrasonography in 9 Miniature Schnauzer dogs undergoing II estrous cycles. During proestrus and estrous, the uterus became hypoechoic but developed hyperechoic luminal echo. In the longitudinal view, the shape of the uterus occasionally changed from rectangular to coiled or serpentine, compared to other stages of the cycle. The diameter of the uterus during proestrus and estrous was larger (range: 0.60${\sim}$0.86 mm) than other stages (range: 0.48${\sim}$0.62 mm) of the cycle. The rising estrogen concentrations (range: 14.51${\sim}$16.86 pg/ml) in plasma during proestrus correlated with changes in the uterus (p<0.05). Progesterone concentrations were 0.08${\sim}$0.15 ng/ml at the onset of proestrus, but rose 1.06${\sim}$1.26 ng/ml at the end of proestrus. There was no relation to progesterone concentration from onset of estrus (p>0.05). There was dramatical changes in normal uterus and sex hormone during estrous cycle. Especially, the appearance, shape and diameter of uterus were related to plasma estrogen concentration during proestrus, correlated with other stages of the cycle.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-226
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• 1997

Follicular fluid influxed into the oviduct during ovulation may affect movement of sperm for fertilization Thus, in this study, the effect of follicular fluid, obtained from follicles of l0mm in diameter, on number and quality of sperm recovered by swim-up separation was investigated and sperm-movement stimulating components extracted from follicular fluid with methanol and isooctane were separated by gel filtration with Sepadex G-1O, G-25 and G-1OO gels, and were isolated by electrophoresis with SDS-PAGE mini gel. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Diluted follicular fluid stimulated sperm movement. 2. Sperm-movement stimulating factors were in methanol extract. 3. Sperm-movement stimulating effect of methanol extract appeared in fraction I among fractions recovered after gel filtration. And the fraction I contained proteins indicating 4 major bands as about 47, 43, 25 and 14 kilodaldons and 5 minor bands as about 67, 58, 23, 22 and 21 kilodaldons. 4. The fraction I recovered from G-100 gel showed significantly low percentage of motile sperm and had no protein indicating the band of 67 kilodaldons among the minor bands.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1982

The effects of various dehiscent application such as dehiscent materials (big chaffs, vermiculite etc.), growth regulators and agricultural chemicals (plant protector.) on stimulation of dehiscence and shortening of dehiscent period were investigated Results obtained were as follows : 1. The moisture content of endosperm and seed coat at 10 day after dehiscent application amounts between 40% and 50%. 2. Endosperm diameter was increased with time of stratification, and the embryo growth showed in linear function, 3. Non-dehiscent seed showed also normally development of embryo, and the property of dehiscence dependent from physico-chemical nature of ginseng seed coat. 4. The best dehiscent materials were big chaffs and followed vermiculite, sand and sand with big chaffs. 5. The effect of dehiscence of ginseng seed showed higher activity in fungi than in bacteria in general. 6. Agricultural chemicals ( plant Protector) reduced the dehiscent rate of ginseng seed 7. The best timing of dehiscent treatment was between August 1 and August 10 but the smaller amount of dehiscent rate after August 10 dehiscent appllication indicated that big chaffs and growth regulator treatment may be controlled shortening of dehiscent period of ginseng seed.