• 생약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.289-294
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• 1996

In previous paper, we described the induced callus of Corydalis remota contains a significant amount of alkaloids. This study describes an optimal condition to maximize alkaloid production. The suspension cultures maintained alkaloid production ability after fifth subculture and a small amount of alkaloid seemed to be released out of cells. The yields of alkaloid by cultured cells was varied depending on the concentrations of NAA, carbon sources and phosphate ion and depending on the vitamin combinations and concentrations. Biosynthetic precursor and an elicitor treatment also affected the total alkaloid yield of the cultures. The optimal conditions for alkaloid production were as follows: 1) MS basal salt containing 30 g/l of glucose, 1.0 mg/l of NAA, and vitamins of LS medium should be used. 2) The culture should be treated with tyrosine 20 mg/l, and yeast extract 1.5 ml/l after the culture reached a stationary phase of growth. Five alkaloids were isolated from the cultures and they were characterized. The spectral data unambiguously revealed that the isolated compounds were dihydrosanguinarine, protopine. tetrahydropalmatine, allocyptopine and ambinine, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2009

The potential of. nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Avr5, either alone or in combination with chitosan and Bion, for inducing defense reaction in tomato plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici, was studied in vitro and glasshouse conditions. Application Bion at concentration of 5, 50, 100 and $500{\mu}g$/ml, and the highest concentration of chitosan reduced in vitro growth of the pathogen. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Avr5 reduced the disease severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato in split plants, significantly. Bion and chitosan applied on tomato seedlings at concentration $100{\mu}g$ a.i./plant; 15, 10 and 5 days before inoculation of pathogen. All treatments significantly reduced disease severity of Fusarium wilt of tomato relative to the infected control. The biggest disease reduction and increasing tomato growth belong to combination of nonpathogenic Fusarium and Bion. Growth rate of shoot and root markedly inhibited in tomato plants in response to tomato Fusarium wilt as compared with healthy control. These results suggest that reduction in disease incidence and promotion in growth parameters in tomato plants inoculated with nonpathogenic Fusarium and sprayed with elicitors could be related to the synergistic and cooperative effect between them, which lead to the induction and regulation of disease resistance. Combination of elicitors and non-pathogenic Fusarium synergistically inhibit the growth of pathogen and provide the first experimental support to the hypothesis that such synergy can contribute to enhanced fungal resistance in tomato. This chemical could provide a new approach for suppression of tomato Fusarium wilt, but its practical use needs further investigation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1226-1229
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• 2010

Glyceollins, one of the inducible phytoalexins produced by plants, were induced in a number of varieties of Korean soybean through fungal infection. Of the tested soybean varieties, Tae-Kwang, though not the most productive, was found to be currently the most suitable for the induction of glyceollins. Amongst the fungal species, Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus was seen to be the most effective elicitor. Halved soybean seeds produced glyceollins upon fungal infection; however, chopped soybeans and homogenized soybeans did not produce significant quantities of glyceollins.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1993

Chitooligosaccharides 혼합물을 처리한 벼 세포 현탁배양액과 처리하지 않은 배양액의 단백질 및 효소활성을 비교하여 이 elicitor에 의해 유도되는 chitinase를 확인하였다. Chitooligosaccharide 혼합물 처리로 chitinase 활성은 비처리구에 비하여 3.5배 증가하였으며 증가율이 단백질 증가보다 10배 이상 높아 본 효소가 선택적으로 유도되는 것으로 나타났다. Polyacrylamide gel 전기영동상 나타나는 총 11종의 chitinase중 4종이 유도효소로 판명되었으며 DEAE-cellulose chromatography 결과 3개는 $26{\sim}58\;KD$의 분자량을 가진 acidic chitinase 분획에, 나머지 1개는 basic chitinase 분획에 속한 것으로 나타나서 주로 acidic chitinase가 유도되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2013

Since the identification and characterization of toll-like receptors (TLR) in Drosophila, numerous scientific studies have examined the role of TLRs in host innate immunity. Recent studies have suggested a convergence of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signaling and cytokine production regulated by the cytosolic elicitor known as NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing domain receptors) as a key modulator in inflammatory diseases. Among the NLRs, NOD1 and NOD2 have been intensively investigated for its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). On the other hand, NLRs such as NLRP3, NLRP1, and NLRC4 (also known as IPAF) have been identified to form the inflammasome to activate downstream signaling molecules in response to pathogenic microbes. There is evidence to suggest that substantial crosstalk exists for the TLR and NLR signaling pathway in response to pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP). However, the substrate and the mechanistic role of NLRs are largely unknown in innate immune response. Understanding the signaling mechanisms by which NLRs recognize PAMP and other danger signals will shed light on elucidating the pathogenesis of various human inflammatory diseases such as IBD.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2015

더덕은 예로부터 약용으로 사용 되어 왔으며, 더덕의 뿌리에는 약용으로 가치가 높은 여러 종류의 triterpenoid 사포닌이 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 더덕의 모상근 생육과 methyl jasmonate (MeJA)처리에 의한 사포닌 합성의 효과를 연구하였다. 더덕 모상근에 MeJA를 처리한 결과 주사포닌인 lancemaside A, B, E의 축적은 MeJA 무처리 모상근 보다 약 15% 정도 감소하였다. 반면 마이너사포닌(foetidissimoside A와 aster saponin Hb)의 함량은 무처리 모상근 보다 약15% 정도로 증가하였다. 이 결과를 통해 MeJA처리가 triterpene 사포닌의 생산조절을 위해 사용될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2010

The medicinal plant Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) contains various phytosterols and bioactive triterpene saponins (ginsenosides). Squalene synthase catalyzes the first committed step in ginsenoside biosynthesis. Transgenic plants of P. ginseng were generated by introducing the squalene synthase gene derived from P. ginseng. Adventitious roots of the transgenic ginseng grew best in B5 medium, and 2 g of inoculum secured an optimal growth rate. Two phytohormones, indolebutyric acid and 1-naphtalene acetic acid, increased root growth and decreased ginsenoside production. Treatment with two selected elicitors, chitosan and jasmonic acid, and a precursor of the isoprenoid pathway, mevalonic acid, enhanced ginsenoside production and retarded ginseng growth rate.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2011

Tocopherols belong to the plant-derived poly phenolic compounds known for antioxidant functions in plants and animals. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) is a common reaction of plant cells in defense-related signal transduction pathways. We report a novel non-antioxidant function of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in higher plants linking the physiological role of tocopherol with stress signalling pathways. Pre-incubation of a low concentration of $50{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol negatively interferes with MAPK activation in elicitor-treated tobacco BY2 suspension culture cells and wounded tobacco leaves, whereas pre-incubated BY2 cells with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol phosphate did not show the inhibitory effect on stimuli-induced MAPK activation. The decreased MAPK activity was neither due to a direct inhibitory effect of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol nor due to the induction of an inhibitory or inactivating activity directly affecting MAPK activity. The data support that the target of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol negatively regulates an upstream component of the signaling pathways that leads to stress dependent MAPK activation.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

Pythium porphyrae is responsible for devastating outbreaks in seaweed farms of Pyropia, the most valuable cultivated seaweed worldwide. While the genus Pythium contains many well studied pathogens, the genome of P. porphyrae has yet to be sequenced. Here we report the first available gene repertoire of P. porphyrae and a preliminary analysis of pathogenicity-related genes. Using ab initio detection strategies, similarity based and manual annotation, we found that the P. porphyrae gene repertoire is similar to classical phytopathogenic Pythium species. This includes the absence of expanded RxLR effector family and the detection of classical pathogenicity-related genes like crinklers, glycoside hydrolases, cellulose-binding elicitor lectin-like proteins and elicitins. We additionally compared this dataset to the proteomes of 8 selected Pythium species. While 34% of the predicted proteome appeared specific to P. porphyrae, we could not attribute specific enzymes to the degradation of red algal biomass. Conversely, we detected several cellulases and a cutinase conserved with plant-pathogenic Pythium species. Together with the recent report of P. porphyrae triggering disease symptoms on several plant species in lab-controlled conditions, our findings add weight to the hypothesis that P. porphyrae is a reformed plant pathogen.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.364-369
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• 1995

Effect of two-phase culture on Mentha piperita cell growth and essential oil formation was investigated using shake flask and air-lift bioreactors. LiChroprep RP-B(RP-B) addition did not impair M. piperita cell growth, but resulted in stimulated formation of essential oils and increased ratios of extracellular oil to intracellular oil formation. However, the combined use of RP-B and chitosan elicitor was not synergistic. Volumetric productivity of essential oils in RP-B treated culture using cell-recycled air-lift bioreactor was $6.9\;\mu\textrm{g}/l{\cdot}day$ which was substantially higher than that obtainable from the control. Our results demonstrate the potential of a second phase to enhance overall productivity for M. piperita cell culture.