• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2021

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ranges associated with increasing temperatures, resulting in a change of species composition and community structure in the forest ecosystems. The Baekdudaegan mountain range connects most forests from the lowland to the subalpine zone in South Korea and is therefore recognized as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots. This study was conducted to understand the distribution range of vascular plants along elevational gradients through field surveys in the six national parks of the Baekdudaegan mountain range. We identified the upper and lower distribution limits of a total of 873 taxa of vascular plants with 117 families, 418 genera, 793 species, 14 subspecies, 62 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids. A total of 12 conifers were recorded along the elevational gradient. The distribution ranges of Abies koreana, Picea jezoensis, Pinus pumila, and Thuja koraiensis were limited to over 1000 m above sea level. We also identified 21 broad-leaved trees in the subalpine zone. A total of 45 Korean endemic plant species were observed, and of these, 15 taxa (including Aconitum chiisanense and Hanabusaya asiatica) showed a narrow distribution range in the subalpine zone. Our study provides valuable information on the current elevational distribution ranges of vascular plants in the six national parks of South Korea, which could serve as a baseline for vertical shifts under future climate change.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2001

Vegetational changes along elevational and topographical gradients were studied in Mt. Jumbong which is located at the core area of the Mt. Sorak Biosphere Reserve in Kangwon-do Province in central Korea. Two 500 m north-south transects crossing two valleys and a small ridge were laid out, and fifty-one 10 m$\times$10 m permanent quadrats were systematically set up. All trees bigger than 2.5 cm DBH were marked with numbered aluminum tags, and their DBH measured and the species identified. Coverage of plant species in the herb layer were determined in two 2 m $\times$ 2 m subquadrats in each of the permanent quadrats. Thirty-two species of woody plants occurred in the tree layer in the permanent quadrats studied. Quercus mongolica was the dominant species across the study site, and Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata were also important. Quercus mongolica occurred on the ridges and south-facing slopes, and Acer pseudosieboldianum occurred extensively except for valleys. In contrast, Fraxinus mandshurica, Acer mono, Acer triflorum, and Ulmus laciniata were common in valleys. At the herbaceous layer, 112 species were identified. Dominant species were Ainsliaea acerifolia and Sasa borealis on the ridges, Meehania urticifolia on north-facing slopes, and Deutzia glabrata on valleys. Soil environmental factors were compared among the quadrats. pH was lower in the quadrats located on ridges and south-facing slopes, and organic matter was lowest on south-facing slopes. Quadrats located on valleys were generally higher in pH, organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg. DCA ordinations for tree layer and herb layer were carried out in order to identify the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of plant species along the environmental gradients. Correlation analysis between ordination axis scores and environmental factors showed that axis one was negatively correlated with elevation and positively correlated with soil organic matter, pH, Ca, Mg, and P, but that axis two was positively correlated with elevation. These results indicate that vegetation responds very sensitively to elevational and topographical gradients although the study area is relatively small with about 100 m in elevational variation.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1997년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.160.1-160
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2021

Infrared guided weapons act as threats that greatly degrade the survivability of combat aircraft. Infrared weapons detect and track the target aircraft by sensing the infrared signature radiated from the aircraft fuselage. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the infrared signature and susceptibility of supersonic aircraft according to omni-directional detection angle. Through the numerical analysis, we derived the surface temperature distribution of fuselage and omni-directional infrared signature. Then, we calculated the detection range according to detection angle in consideration of IR sensor's parameters. Using in-house code, the lethal range was calculated by considering the relative velocity between aircraft and IR missile. As a result, the elevational susceptibility is larger than the azimuthal susceptibility, and it means that the aircraft can be attacked in wider area at the elevational situation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2020

In this study, the elevational distribution of breeding birds in Seoraksan National Park, Korea was investigated. Forty-six species of birds were documented from line transect surveys taken from Seorakdong at 230 m above sea level (a.s.l.) to the Daechungbong summit at 1708 m asl. Birdspecies richness and diversity were highest in Seorakdong and lowest at the Daechungbong summit. As elevation increased, bird species richness and diversity decreased, with a humped-shape trend being observed between 700 m and 1200 m a.s.l. Stepwise analyses revealed that breeding bird species diversity indices were significantly negatively correlated with elevation (r² = 0.327, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with vegetational coverage (r² = 0.324, P = 0.046). Higher elevations supported fewer birds than low and intermediate elevations. Projections at the local scale, including data on behavior and habitat use by birds, will be necessary for optimal conservation and management of the bird communities in Seoraksan National Park.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1977

The vertical distribution of the corticolous lichens in Mt. Sobaeg was detected by 10cm point quadrat. The dominant species of lichens was arranged in a single dimensional ordination along the elevational gradient with the frequency percentage of the species. Cetraria stracheyi, Parnaria leucosticta, Stieta platyphyll and Parmelia petusa were found in order of abundant from lower, Samgadong(400m) to higher, Birobong(1439m) in which they occurred mainly on the southwest slope. However, such species as Cetraria juniperina was more abundant than Parnaria leucosticta and Stieta platyphylla at the southeast slope. The distribution of Cetraria Stracheyi and Parnaria leucosticta was limited below 1200m height, while Parmelia petusa and Cetraria juniperina mostly above 900m height.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of plants on streamside of Kyonganchon, which is a tributary of the Han River, and to determine the relationships between plant distribution and environmental factors. Fifteen study sites were selected along the Kyonganchon, and vegetation distribution pattern and soil environmental factors were determined. The most frequently ocurring species in the study sites were Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Echinochloa crus-galli and Bidens frondosa, and among them the two Persicaria species were dominants of the community. Many species showed different distribution along the stream:Chenopodium album, Equisetum arvense and Setaria viridies occurred in the upstream region, while Rumex crispus, Leonurus sibiricus and Rorippa islandica occurred in the middle and downstream regions. Analysis of soil properties showed that organic matter and clay content were higher in the upstream region while sand content was higher in the downstream region. The results of DCA ordination showed that axis one was positively correlated with organic matter and clay content and negatively correlated with sand content, indicating that the distribution pattern of vegetation along the Kyonganchon was determined by elevational gradient from upstream to downstream region or gradient of stream width and water level, and by soil organic matter content and soil texture related to these gradients.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.60-88
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• 2023

본 연구는 각호산의 관속식물과 고도별 수직분포 조사를 조사하였다. 2022년 5월부터 2022년 9월까지 총 3회에 걸쳐 조사한 결과, 관속식물은 94과 282속 426종 11아종 35변종 4품종 2교잡종의 478분류군이 확인되었다. 또한 우리는 관속식물 398분류군에 대해 고도별 분포범위를 구축하였다. 한반도 특산식물은 19분류군, 희귀식물은 1분류군이었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 72분류군으로 V등급에 2분류군, IV등급에 2분류군, III등급에 16분류군, II등급에 27분류군, I등급에 25분류군이 확인되었다. 북방계 식물은 71분류군, 외래식물은 19분류군이며, 귀화율 4.0%, 도시화지수 6.6%로 나타났다. 생태계교란 식물은 3분류군이 확인되었다. 종 풍부도는 고도가 높아짐에 따라 점차 감소하다가 정상부에서 다시 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 고도별 종 조성의 유사도는 저지대(해발 500~600 m)를 제외하고 인접한 고도 간에 높은 유사도를 보여주었다. 고도에 따른 환경특성이 관속식물의 종 조성에 영향을 주는 주요 인자였다. 각호산은 고도에 따라 57.2~84.2℃·month의 온도 범위를 보여주었다. 본 연구는 관속식물의 분포 자료로써 추후 기후변화에 따른 식물의 분포 변화 연구를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.381-402
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• 2017

오대산국립공원 계방산 노동계곡일대 관속식물의 고도별 수직분포 및 분포변화를 파악하기 위해 오토캠핑장(800 m)에서 정상(1,577 m)까지 해발 100 m 단위로 등분하여 8개 구간에 대한 식물목록을 작성하였다. 총 4회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시한 결과 관속식물은 85과 234속 339종 7아종 34변종 2품종의 총 382분류군으로 조사되었다. 구간별 식물 종다양성 패턴을 분석한 결과, 고도가 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하다가 특정 구간에서부터 다시 증가하는 역단봉형 패턴을 보였다. 이러한 분포패턴은 기후요인, 토양의 이화학적 요인, 지형적 요인, 광량, 인위적 교란 등 다양한 인자가 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 출현 종들의 생장형과 광 요구조건에 따라 생육지 유형을 비교한 결과, 고도가 높아짐에 따라 산림에 생육하는 종의 비율은 증가하고, 교란지에 생육하는 종의 비율은 점차 감소하다가 정상부에서 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 생활형에 따른 출현 비율을 비교한 결과, 일년생 초본의 경우 고도가 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하다가 1,300~1,500 m 구간에서는 출현하지 않았으며 마지막 정상부 구간에서 약간 증가하였다. 다년생 초본, 만경류 및 관목성 수종의 출현비율은 고도가 증가함에 따라 증감을 반복하였으며, 교목성 수종의 경우 점차 증가하다가 1,300~1,400 m 구간부터 감소하는 경향을 보였다. DCA 기법을 이용하여 출현종의 고도별 분포변화를 분석한 결과, 4개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 구간별 식분의 배치는 I축상의 오른쪽으로부터 왼쪽을 향해 고도에 따라 순차적으로 배열됨에 따라 고도에 따른 온도변화가 그 식물분포의 양상에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 호적범위는 식물종의 분포를 결정하기 때문에 기후변화로 인한 기온 상승은 현재 식물종의 분포, 종조성 및 다양성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 식물종들의 생태 환경적 특징과 분포역, 생육지의 변화를 파악하기 위한 지속적인 모니터링이 필수적이다. 나아가 이러한 자료를 토대로 기후변화에 따른 식물자원의 보전 및 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2021

본 연구는 한라산 남동사면을 대상으로 해발에 따라 변화하는 산림식생구조 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 해발 16 m부터 1,565 m까지 100 m 간격으로 총 59개의 조사구에서 식생조사를 수행하고, 클러스터 분석으로 군집유형을 분류하였으며, 해발고별 수종 구성과 종다양도를 분석하였다. 군집유형은 유형1 졸참나무군집(Quercus serrata community), 유형2 개서어나무군집(Carpinus tschonoskii community), 유형3 서어나무군집(Carpinus laxiflora community), 유형4 소나무군집(Pinus densiflora community), 유형5 구상나무군집(Abies koreana community), 유형6 구실잣밤나무군집(Castanopsis sieboldii community), 유형7 붉가시나무(Quercus acuta community)로 분류되었다. 해발고별 교목층의 중요치 분석 결과 100-600 m 까지는 구실잣밤나무와 붉가시나무, 700-800 m에서 서어나무, 졸참나무, 개서어나무, 1,100-1,200 m에서 소나무, 1,500-1,600 m 구간에서 구상나무의 중요치가 각각 높게 나타났다. 종다양도의 경우 해발 700-800 m, 1,200-1,300 m, 1,400-1,500 m에서 종다양도가 높아지는 경향이 나타났으며 이는 생태계의 추이대 영향으로 판단되었다.