• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1724-1729
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• 2007

Smaller size and higher integration of electronic systems make narrower interconnect pitch not only in chip-level but also in package-level. Moreover electronic systems are required to operate in harsher conditions, that is, higher current / voltage, elevated temperature/humidity, and complex chemical contaminants. Under these severe circumstances, electronic components respond to applied voltages by electrochemically ionization of metals and conducting filament forms between anode and cathode across a nonmetallic medium. This phenomenon is called as the Electrochemical migration

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.248-251
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• 2014

As more vehicles become equipped with advanced electronic control systems, more consideration is needed with regards to automotive safety issues related to the effects of electromagnetic waves. Unwanted electromagnetic waves from the antenna, electricity and other electronic devices cause the performance and safety problem of automotive components. In general, Power Integrity and Signal Integrity analysis have been widely used, but these analyses have stayed PCB level. PCB base analysis is different from radiated emission TEST condition so its results are used just for reference. This paper proposes EMC optimization technology using module level 3-dimensional radiation simulation process closed to fundamental test conditions. If module level EMC analysis, which is proposed in this study, is applied to all automotive electronics systems, unexpected EMC noise will be prevented.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.1855-1858
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose image retrieval method more accurate and efficient than the conventional one. First of ail, we perform a shot detection and key frame extraction from the DC image constructed by DCT DC coefficients in the compressed video stream that is video compression standard such as MPEG[I][2]. We get principal axis applying PCA(Principal Component Analysis) to key frames for obtaining indexing information, and divide a domain. Video retrieval uses indexing information of high dimension. We apply KD-Trees(K Dimensional-Trees)[3] which shows efficient retrieval in data set of high dimension to video retrieval method. The proposed method can represent property of images more efficiently and property of domains more accurately using KD-Trees.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.224-228
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• 2021

The article is devoted to the problems and prospects of integration of informational technologies in the administration of justice as a necessary component of the development of the informational society in Ukraine. In general, informational technologies make it possible to create new forms of organization and interaction of bodies of public authorities with society, to introduce innovative solutions for legal regulation and organization of public relations. More and more services for citizens are moving to electronic format. Judicial reform is aimed at ensuring more comfortable and convenient interaction with the courts. The need for the usage of informational technology in the proceedings is preconditioned by the global informatization of modern society, the development of new forms of interaction in the civil sphere with the usage of electronic means of communication: the global Internet, mobile, and satellite communication systems and more. "Electronic justice" involves the use of information and communication technologies in the implementation of procedural law.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2019

The biomarkers related to the colorectal cancers and diseases were surveyed and summarized, and an optical electronic nose was researched and developed for their analysis. The prototyped sensor revealed that it could discriminate two gases: ethanol 2000 ppm and $CO_2$ 500 ppm. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated the potential capability of estimation of $CO_2$ concentration with 95% confidence level. Based on the above experimental results, the developed optical electronic nose was tested with the mixtures of gases (Isopropyl Alcohol, Acetone, Methanol, and Toluene) and the biomarkers were successfully segregated using principal component analysis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

Effect of heat (160, 190, and $220^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr) on coconut oil was examined by principal component analysis using electronic nose consisting of six metal oxide sensors. Increase in heating temperature decreased ratio of resistance and first principal component score (from +0.952 to -0.325), indicating rancidity of coconut oil increased at high heating temperature. Result of electronic nose based on GC with surface acoustic wave sensor showed significant changes in volatile profiles of coconut oil. High resolution olfactory imaging $(VaporPrint^{TM})$ was particularly useful for evaluating oil quality. Peak numbers and areas increased with increasing heating time and temperature (160, $220^{\circ}C$). Electronic nose analysis can provide simple, fast, and straightforward results and is best suited for quality control and process monitoring in flavor field of food industry.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the exchange and redistribution of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ metabolites between different pools by temporally analyzing the relative fraction of dual $T_2{^*}$ components of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ metabolites. Materials and Methods: A dual exponential decay analysis of $T_2{^*}$ is performed for [1-$^{13}C$] pyruvate and [1-$^{13}C$] lactate using nonspatially resolved dynamic $^{13}C$ MR spectroscopy from mice brains with tumors (n = 3) and without (n = 4) tumors. The values of shorter and longer $T_2{^*}$ components are explored when fitted from averaged spectrum and temporal variations of their fractions. Results: The $T_2{^*}$ values were not significantly different between the tumor and control groups, but the fraction of longer $T_2{^*}$ [1-$^{13}C$] lactate components was more than 10% in the tumor group over that of the controls (P < 0.1). The fraction of shorter $T_2{^*}$ components of [1-$^{13}C$] pyruvate showed an increasing tendency while that of the [1-$^{13}C$] lactate was decreasing over time. The slopes of the changing fraction were steeper for the tumor group than the controls, especially for lactate (P < 0.01). In both pyruvate and lactate, the fraction of the shorter $T_2{^*}$ component was always greater than the longer $T_2{^*}$ component over time. Conclusion: The exchange and redistribution of pyruvate and lactate between different pools was investigated by dual component analysis of the free induction decay signal from hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ experiments. Tumor and control groups showed differences in their fractions rather than the values of longer and shorter $T_2{^*}$ components. Fraction changing dynamics may provide an aspect for extravasation and membrane transport of pyruvate and lactate, and will be useful to determine the appropriate time window for acquisition of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ images.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2006

We developed highly efficient fluorescent dopants for full-color OLEDs. For blue, green and red OLEDs, current efficiencies of 8.7cd/A, 20.5 cd/A and 11.4 cd/A at $10mA/cm^2$ were achieved, respectively. Lifetime of the blue device was estimated to be 23,000hours at an initial luminance of $1,000cd/m^2$. Moreover, long lifetime over 100,000 hours was estimated in the green and red devices. Furthermore, we obtained a three-component white OLED by using these new fluorescent materials. This white OLED shows a current efficiency of 16.1cd/A with extrapolated lifetime over 70,000 hours at $1,000cd/m^2$, and more excellent color reproducibility for full-color displays with color filters and general lighting, compared to previous fluorescent white OLEDs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.462-467
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• 2007

Volatile components of six commercial $sauces(A{\sim}F)$ and $\hat{O}yuk-jang$(G, H), a Korean traditional fermented sauce, were analyzed by electronic nose based on GC with surface acoustic wave(SAW) sensor. The obtained data were used for pattern recognition and a visual pattern called a $VaporPrint^{TM}$, derived from the frequency and chromatogram of the GC-SAW sensor. Volatile components of sauces and $\hat{O}yuk-jang$ were well discriminated with the direct use of $VaporPrint^{TM}$. Commercial sauces and $\hat{O}yuk-jang$ showed different volatile patterns, respectively, due to different major material, which meju, beef extract, pickled anchovies, and Katsuobushi were used. Volatile components of Oyuk-jang were decreased drastically during the fermentation time. After boiling $\hat{O}yuk-jang$, new several peaks were found. The responses by electronic nose were used for principal component analysis. The PCA plot showed that volatile components pattern were well discriminated by first principal component score(proportion: 96.8%), and first principal component score of $\hat{O}yuk-jang$ was between soy sauce of the liquid extracted from beef and sauce of pickled anchovies.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1343-1349
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• 2013

In optical fiber communications, several newly-developed signal formats are used to obtain the best performance within limited spectral bandwidth. CSRZ (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero) format is one of the new signal formats, which has better spectral efficiency and better robustness to dispersion than RZ (return-to-zero) format. Thus it is widely used for demonstrating high-speed optical communication systems. In an earlier research, we proposed a clock-extraction method of CSRZ signal to monitor chromatic dispersion. However, the clock-frequency component extracted by the clock-extraction method can be affected by the bandwidth of a transmitter or a receiver. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the effect of bandwidth on the chromatic dispersion monitoring of CSRZ signal based on clock-frequency component. As a result, we propose a couple of robust clock-extraction methods to monitor chromatic dispersion in CSRZ signal.