• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 2024

The efficient management of pain and discomfort is essential for successful dental treatment and patient compliance. Dental professionals are commonly evaluated for their ability to perform treatment with minimal patient discomfort. Despite advancements in traditional local dental anesthesia techniques, the pain and discomfort associated with injections remain a concern. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on novel dental anesthetics and associated devices designed to alleviate pain and discomfort during dental procedures. The Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to prepare the review. Six databases and two sources of gray literature were searched. This review analyzed 107 sources from 1994 to 2023. Local anesthesia devices were grouped into computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) systems, intraosseous anesthesia (IOA), vibratory stimulation devices, and electronic dental anesthesia (EDA). CCLAD systems, particularly the Wand and Single-Tooth Anesthesia, have been the most researched, with mixed results regarding their effectiveness in reducing pain during needle insertion compared to traditional syringes. However, CCLAD systems often demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain during anesthetic deposition, especially during palatal injections. Limited studies on IOA devices have reported effective pain alleviation. Vibrating devices have shown inconsistent results in terms of pain reduction, with some studies suggesting their primary benefit is during needle insertion rather than during the administration phase. EDA devices are effective in reducing discomfort but have found limited applicability. These findings suggest that the CCLAD systems reduce injection pain and discomfort. However, the evidence for other devices is limited and inconsistent. The development and research of innovative technologies for reducing dental pain and anxiety provides opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and improved patient care in dental practice.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.43-66
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• 2003

Nowadays many academic libraries have considered and some have implemented the just-in-time(access) approach to collection development especially of scholarly journals. The adaption of the scholarly electronic journal based on access paradigm has brought a number of advantages and disadvantages to academic libraries. Electronic journals have promised rapid delivery of the latest research to the desktop through the ubiquitous platform of the Internet. But the promise of the e-journal is not yet a reality, and there are many misconceptions about what is actually available today. The objective of this paper is to analyse the probabilities of digital achilles tendon of scholarly journals resulting from a decline of purchase power, absence of selection(evaluation) criteria, superfluities and abuses of impact factor, access paradigm and halo effects, mismatching of demand-supply, md insufficiency in subject gateway functions.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-34
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• 2002

This study investigated the copyright problems in the course of distance teaming. The Copyright Act of Korea is built to protect the rights of authors and the rights neighboring on them and to promote fair use of works in order to contribute to the improvement and development of culture. However, for efficient use of library's materials for distance education, some articles in the Copyright Act of Korea is needed to be changed. We suggested the revision in the article 23 “Reproduction for the Purpose of School Education” and the article 28 “Reproduction in Libraries, etc”.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

Electronic commerce offers the opportunity to integrate and optimize the global production and distribution supply chain. Rapid response to changes in demand and customer preference, and the ability to exploit new technologies, are becoming critical. The computer of the various corporations communicate with each other to determine the price and the availability of the components, to place and confirm orders, and to negotiate delivery time scales. In this paper, We describe a trading system that is based on mobile agent technology, called aglet. Aglets for the buyer and sellers are dispatched to the various marketplace, where they negotiate autonomously orders and deliveries, returning to the buyer and seller with their best deals for approval. We show that the electronic commerce system is feasibly built by using the Java aglet technology to demonstrate for simulating a traditional retail marketplace.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-116
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• 2003

One of the important applications for business-to-business electronic commerce is in procurement and inventory management using electronic data interchange(EDI). Using online catalogs and approved supplier lists, firms can easily create requisitions and purchasing documents. The emerging trend in EDI technology is changed from VAN(Value Added Network) based EDI to XML based EDI. This paper intends to suggest a component-based XML/EDI system using Unified Modeling Language(UML), as an application system for automobile part industry. Applying component based XML/EDI systems designed with UML methodology, we analyzed the workflow and the document on procurement process between trading partners and implemented a prototype of efficient XML/EDI system, as a surrogate of existing VAN/EDI. The result of applying object-oriented CBD(Component Based Development) technique is to minimize the risk of life cycle and facilitate the reuse of software as mentioned to limitation of information engineering methodology. It enables the interoperability with corporate legacy systems such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning), SCM(Supply Chain Management). This system proposes a solution to apply analysis phase and design phase in implementation of XML/EDI system. The implementation of XML/EDI system using CBD shows the ease of use in software reuse and the interoperability with corporate internal information system. The purchasing department with XML/EDI system can electronically communicate purchase orders, delivery schedules to external suppliers and interoperate with other application systems.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.147-163
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• 1991

The insurance industry is highly competitive since it is difficult to differentiate one company's service from another. This paper examines how Ankuk Fire & Marine Insurance has differentiated its service and improved its competitive edge against others by using electronic data interchange (EDI). In order to improve its service level, Ankuk Fire Insurance has significantly reduced paper work by transmitting information electronically to its customers. This was possible with standardized product codes and databases which were installed both on the Ankuk and customer premises. Ankuk Fire Insurance transmits its customer's insurance information to the customer's database instead of hand-carrying or mailing it. The main benefits of this has been: (1) fewer errors as data does not need to be re-entered, (2) faster customer service with electronic data delivery, and (3) better quality customer service due to highly structured relationships with customers. EDI will soon be available to all insurance companies due to the goverment's aggressive promotion of a KTNet plan. Ankuk Insurance, therefore, needs to adopt the standardized protocol recommended by KTNet and develop new products which will give them a competitive edge and minimize the possibilities of losing their clients to other insurance firms.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to identify associations between the frequency of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking-related characteristics among adolescent smokers. Methods: We used data from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The participants were 3,722 smokers who had smoked cigarettes on at least one day during the past 30 days. The frequency of e-cigarette use was defined as the number of days that participants used e-cigarettes during the past 30 days, and was divided into four categories: 0, 1~2, 3~9, and ${\geq}10$ days. We used the $x^2$ test and multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between the frequency of e-cigarette use and smoking-related characteristics. Results: Those who attempted to quit smoking, had used a heated tobacco product (HTP) at least once, or initiated e-cigarette use before middle school were more likely to use e-cigarettes for 3~9 days in the past 30 days. More frequent e-cigarette use (${\geq}10$ days) was associated with a higher frequency and greater amount of cigarette use, lifetime HTP use, and earlier initiation of e-cigarette use. Conclusion: Smoking-related characteristics differed by the frequency of e-cigarette use. Therefore, intervention programs targeting adolescent smokers should consider differences in smoking-related characteristics based on the frequency of e-cigarette use.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.159-163
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• 2019

The food service industry has been grown due to improvement of living standards. In addition, the demand for frozen food delivery is increasing day by day at online/offline and the refrigerated vehicles are used in most of these food distributions. One of the most important factors in a refrigerated car is to measure the temperature accurately. Conventional temperature recording systems are generally connected directly to temperature sensor modules. Since the temperature data are transmitted to the temperature recorder by using the electric wire, there is a disadvantage that the resistance error must be compensated according to the cable length. In this paper, we propose a method to correct errors due to cable resistance using digital processing and CAN (Controller Area Network) communication. We use PT-1000 platinum sensor to increase the accuracy of the temperature measurement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.3064-3082
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• 2023

During the last decade, several Electronic Orientation Aids devices have been proposed to solve the autonomy problems of visually impaired people. When hearing is considered the primary sense for Visually Impaired people (VI) and it is generally loaded with the environment, the use of tactile sense can be considered a solution to transmit directional information. This paper presents a new wearable haptic system based on four motors implemented in shoes, while six directions can be played. This study aims to introduce an interface design and investigate an appropriate means of spatial information delivery through haptic sense. The first experiment of the proposed system was performed with 15 users in an indoor environment. The results showed that the users were able to recognize, with high accuracy, the directions displayed on their feet. The second experiment was conducted in an outdoor environment with five blindfolded users who were guided along 120 meters. The users, guided only by the haptic system, successfully reached their destinations. The potential of tactile-foot stimulation to help VI understand Electronic Orientation Aids (EOA) instructions was discussed, and future challenges were defined.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.988-999
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• 2005

As the Internet continues to have the commercial trade changed, the method of payment is one of critical components to conduct successful businesses through the internet. An electronic cash has all of the characteristics of a traditional commodity cash and ensures the security for all transactions. Accordingly an internet billing system based on the electronic cash is expected as the secure and efficient payment method for the future electronic commerces. The digital contents such as digital merchandise and services have the characteristic that both the delivery of merchandise and the payment of money can be accomplished on the same network and are helpful to idealize the design of the electronic commerce system. In this paper, Anonymity got to be possible by using a virtual ID in the process of payment, the payment steps were decreased by being processed on the same network, and the efficiency and the security were guaranteed by decreasing the frequency of the coding and communication.