• 무역상무연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.51-72
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• 2000

The International Chamber of Commerce introduced in September 1999 its new publication Incoterms 2000(ICC Publication No 560). The ICC was building on the past experiences in its revision works. I have discussed and commented constructively some main features and problems of the new set of terms. Incoterms 2000 takes into account, like already its predecessor did, the possibility that the parties may decide to communicate electronically and replace a paper transport document by an equivalent electronic data interchange message. This possibility will certainly be much more used under the present set of terms. Incoterms 2000 is well recognised by the international legal community, taking into account also the endorsements by UNCITRAL to its predecessor in the early 90's. Incoterms 2000 does not have major competitors remaining. However, the ICC still faces a battle to convince more traders to refer to its terms and to teach traders to understand and to apply them correctly. Incoterms 2000 is a tool for international trade created by a global business organisation. Its members decide every day if and to what extent they make use of this tool. The members of the ICC have participated actively in the drafting and commenting of Incoterms 2000 and thereby shown again a great deal of dynamism in creating rules for their own everyday use. Under these circumstances, "ship's rail approach" related to delivery point, risks and costs should be replaced by "on board approach" under FOB, CFR and CIF terms.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.327-350
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• 2007

A single window platform must be successfully established by implementing CDM/UCR in WCO and UNeDocs in UN/CEFACT, which is part of the framework of standards for secure and facilitate global trade. Core success factors in single window platform for international trade depend on political innovative capacity, advanced leadership of high ranking officials and departments in charge, effective collaborations between the ministries and offices concerned which are supported by supreme executives, self-controlled coordinations between users, convenience and access availability to users, promotion and marketing, identification on predictive impediments, financial raising and revenue model payable, communication's strategy, valid legal basis etc. To settle a stable ubiquitous e-trade platform, firstly, procedures and practices of customs clearance which different from one another mutually must be standardized globally. Secondly, the international standard electronic data exchanges must be introduced to facilitate and simplify customs clearing procedures by holding administrative informations in common between public institutions. thirdly, cooperative work model must be accepted with enhancing outsourcing business between reference groups (export-import firms and IT service providers).

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1034-1037
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• 2013

정보통신기반시설은 국가 안전보장, 행정, 국방, 치안, 금융, 통신, 운용, 에너지 등의 업무와 관련된 전자적 제어 관리시스템 또는 정보통신망으로, 수자원분야는 국민의 편의와 안전에 중요한 수도 발전 댐관리 등을 전자적으로 수행할 수 있도록 제어시스템이 구축되어있다. 수자원분야는 또한 물관리 패러다임의 변화에 따라 제어시스템은 하나의 네트워크로 통합 관리되어 수계별로 유역통합물 관리가 실현되고 있다. 이러한 제어시스템은 다른 제어망, 업무망, 외부기관과의 연계등의 많은 보안상의 취약점을 노출하고 있고, 이에 대한 사이버테러는 사회 경제적으로 큰 혼란을 야기할 수 있으므로 제어시스템에 대한 보안의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 정보통신기반시설 - 특히 댐 보 등 수자원분야의 제어시스템 보안대책에 대해 알아보고자 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2014

본 논문에서는, 하향 다중 사용자 MIMO 환경에서 간섭 검출 및 제거를 하기위해 확장된 fixed-complexity sphere decoder (FSD) 알고리즘이 제안되었다. 제안된 알고리즘은, generalized sphere decoder (GSD) 알고리즘을 이용한 채널행렬 확장과 간섭신호와 요구신호를 고려한 채널행렬 순서화를 통해 FSD 알고리즘을 간섭신호 검출에 활용 가능하도록 확장 하였다. IEEE802.11ac의 통신모드 중 네 명의 다중 사용자에게 각각 702 Mbit/s 전송이 가능한 환경의 몬테카를로실험을 통해서, 제안된 알고리즘이 10% packet error rate기준으로 간섭제거 기능이 없는 maximum-likelihood 검출성능 대비 $E_b/N_0$가 약 3 dB 향상됨을 보여주었다.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

컴퓨터와 통신(通信)의 결합(結合)으로 비롯된 정보(情報) 통신(通信)의 혁명(革命)은 사회전반에 걸쳐 구조적(構造的)인 변화(變化)를 일으키고 있다. 특히 기존의 매스 미디어들은 다양한 새로운 미디어와 정보통신기술(情報通信技術)의 등장으로 제작(製作) 및 전달과정(傳達過程)은 물론 사회적(社會的) 기능(機能)과 역할(役割)에 이르기까지 근본적인 변화를 체험하고 있다. 신문(新聞)의 데이터베이스사업(事業)은 인쇄과정(印刷過程)은 물론 수집(蒐集)된 정보(情報)의 배달과정까지가 이러한 새 기술(技術)에 의해서 전자화(電子化)됨으로써 가능(可能)해진 새로운 영역(領域)이라고 볼 수 있다. 이 글에서는 한국신문(韓國新聞)들이 개척하고 있는 이 새로운 사업영역(事業領城)의 현황(現況)을 선진(先進) 미(美) 일(日)의 경우와 비교해 보고 한국적(韓國的) 현실(現實)에서의 문제점(問題點)과 가능성(可能性)에 대해서 간단히 고찰해본다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

Purpose - Transparency, seller reputation, and website security are considered to be important factors that influence online customer purchasing decisions in China. This paper empirically examines the relative influence of Taobao.com on customers' online purchasing decisions. Research design, data, and methodology - We perform structural equation analysis, with a sample of 306 observations. The data comes from consumers' real transaction experiences from a specific website. This gives the results of our study more generalizability than studies using subjects who are not asked to engage in real transactions. Results - The results of this study reveal that perceived security and perceived reputation are critical factors affecting consumer trust and perceived transparency is most closely associated with purchase intention. Conclusions - The findings suggest that perceived transparency plays a significant role in increasing online consumer's purchase intention. The knowledge of the relative impacts of these factors and their roles in the customer transaction experience will be useful in developing customized sales strategies. The results of this study reveal that perceived transparency exerts a stronger effect than perceived reputation on consumer purchase intentions.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper's aim is to analyze the technological information in patent databanks as a strategy in prospecting for new technologies. Research design, data, and methodology - We detail the major free electronic database sources for patent information, the patent documents, the patent document structures, INID codes (Internationally Agreed Numbers for the Identification of Data), indexation, references, and classification notions. Additionally, we review and analyze information on the activities of the Center of Dissemination Documentation and Technological Information (CEDIN) from the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) of Brazil for the period 2000 to 2011. Results - The research shows that the technological information contained in the patents could provide a wide range of functionality within companies and universities. Conclusions - In recent years, (CEDIN), a specialist in intellectual property, has been serving internal and external users by providing guidance on the basis of patents and other literature, but the number of users served is still small. In order to familiarize more potential users of such technological information, task forces should be created among INPI, universities, and companies.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2012

To look at Korea trade environment, as increasing the quantity of goods transported in North-East Asia and deepening national competitive, information-oriented logistics environment is needed. That means it is automated work process and can provide value-added service. To do this, logistics business can be efficiently handled through "Electronic Means for the Clearance of Ships" and electronically data processing. Also, by increasing the risk of international terrorism, regulation regarding to logistics security has strengthened around the advanced country, such as USA and EU, etc. or international organization, such as IMO, ISO, etc.. Furthermore, because trade and logistics environment is changing and security becomes more important in logistics area, movement or status information of goods within the port or in entry in/out becomes more and more be needed in real time. In case cross-border logistics activities, international cooperation or agreement between countries is very important. However, different opinions much happened on defining the interface. If to follow one format or type using at a specific country or organization, it was occurred to difficulty in respect of interoperability as well as additional costs or time. Therefore, this paper proposes common interface model to exchange information for the efficient global SCM for using by the output of Korea R&D project, "National Logistics Standardization System Development".

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.566-579
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• 2012

Ubiquitous computing called pervasive one is based on the thought of pervading ability of computation in daily life applications. In other words, it aims to include computation in devices such as electronic equipment and automobiles. This has led to disengagement of computers from desktop form. Accordingly, the notice in ubiquitous computing being taken of a world steeped in remote and wireless computer-based-services. Handheld and wearable programmed devices such as sense and control appliances are such devices. This advancement is rapidly moving domestic tasks and life from device-and-human communication to the device-and-device model. This model called Machine to Machine (M2M) has led to acceleration of developments in sciences such as nano-science, bio-science, and information science. As a result, M2M led to appearance of applications in various fields such as, environment monitoring, agricultural, health care, logistics, and business. Since it is envisaged that M2M communications will play a big role in the future in all wireless applications and will be emerged as a progressive linkage for next-generation communications, this paper aims to consider how much M2M architectures can realize ubiquitous computing in daily life applications. This is carried out after acquainting and initiating readers with M2M architectures and arguments for M2M. Some of the applications was not achievable before but are becoming viable owing to emergence of M2M communications.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-81
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• 2008

본 논문은 포트폴리오 분석 연구를 통하여 금융기관이 지속가능 경영을 추진하고 있는 환경 친화적 기업의 지속가능성을 평가할 수 있다는 것을 실증 분석하였다. 그 방법으로는 환경관련 펀드의 성과와 일반 펀드 성과를 비교하였다. 2004년 9월부터 2005년 9월까지 1년간 주식가치를 평가한 결과, 기업 가치 변화의 벤치마크지수인 KOSPI와 KOSPI200보다 수익률은 약 12~17% 우수한 결과가 나타났고, 리스크의 경우에도 동등하게 나타나는 것을 입증하였다. 산업별 지수와 비교에서도 의약품산업을 제외하고 금융 화학 전자 산업보다 효율적인 포트폴리오 결과가 도출되었으며, 그 외의 산업과는 자료의 어려움으로 비교를 할 수 없었다. 그러나 지속가능성에 입각한 금융기관의 성과 평가 활동은 새로운 사업 영역으로서의 가치가 있을 것으로 판단되며 미래에는 기업의 평가에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 보인다.