• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2004

CT관전압 및 기종의 변화에 따른 전자밀도 환산곡선 값의 변화가 상용 전산화치료계획장치의 선량계산 결과에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. CT기종 및 관전압을 달리하며 전자밀도 환산용 팬톰에 대한 CT 영상을 얻어서 여러 조직등가물질에 대해 전자밀도와 CT수의 관계를 구하였다. 동일 전자밀도에 대해 관전압이 감소함에 따라 고밀도의 골조직으로 갈수록 큰 CT수를 보였으며, 연조직에서는 거의 차이가 없었다. 전자밀도 환산곡선 값의 변화가 선량계산 결과에 미치는 정도를 알아보기 위하여 치료계획장치 상에서 폐조직과 골조직을 포함하는 물 팬톰을 그려서 만들고, 이들 가상 조직의 후방 위치에서 6 MV 광자선에 의한 선량을 계산하였다. 그 결과 폐조직, 물, 골조직의 순서로 선량이 높았으며, 골조직에 의한 선량은 관전압이 낮을수록 높은 값을 보였고, 이는 10 MV의 경우에도 동일하였다. 임상 적용의 예로서 폐 및 골반 부위의 CT 영상을 이용한 선량계산에서는 6 MV 및 10 MV모두 전자밀도 환산곡선 값의 변화에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 전자밀도 환산곡선을 구하는데 이용한 CT 기기와 선량을 계산하는데 이용한 영상을 얻은 CT 기기가 다른 데서 오는 것으로 판단되는 오차로서 최대 1.5%의 상대선량차이를 보였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

During their respective missions, the spacecraft Voyager and Cassini measured several Saturn magnetosphere parameters at different radial distances. As a result of information gathered throughout the journey, Voyager 1 discovered hot and cold electron distribution components, number density, and energy in the 6-18 Rs range. Observations made by Voyager of intensity fluctuations in the 20-30 keV range show electrons are situated in the resonance spectrum's high energy tail. Plasma waves in the magnetosphere can be used to locate Saturn's inner magnetosphere's plasma clusters, which are controlled by Saturn's spin. Electromagnetic electron cyclotron (EMEC) wave ring distribution function has been investigated. Kinetic and linear approaches have been used to study electromagnetic cyclotron (EMEC) wave propagation. EMEC waves' stability can be assessed by analyzing the dispersion relation's effect on the ring distribution function. The primary goal of this study is to determine the impact of the magnetosphere parameters which is observed by Cassini. The magnetosphere of Saturn has also been observed. When the plasma parameters are increased as the distribution index, the growth/damping rate increases until the magnetic field model affects the magnetic field at equator, as can be seen in the graphs. We discuss the outputs of our model in the context of measurements made in situ by the Cassini spacecraft.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.104-108
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• 2007

This paper reviews a simple model and spectroscopic method for extracting plasma electron temperature and argon metastable number density. The model is based on the availability of experimental relative emission intensities of only four argon lines that originate from 4p argon level. In this method, Maxwell-Boltzman distribution for EEDF is assumed and the calculation relies on the accuracy of the cross section. Therefore OES have to be compared with Langmuir probe to establish their practical validity.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2001년도 제12회 정기총회 및 01년도 동계학술발표회
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• pp.104-105
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• 2001

Recently, plasma injection has been suggested as a means to enhance and control combustion rates of propellant materials. It is also of interest for applications in fields such as rocket propulsion, electrothermal-chemical (ETC) launchers, and hypersonic mass acceleration technology. In order to characterize the plasma fundamental measurements such as the plasma excitation temperature and electron number density are essential. (omitted)

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2006

전산화 단층촬영법을 이용하여 탄소/탄소 목삽입재의 밀도 분포를 평가하였다. 전산화 단층촬영법의 Team hardening, 전기적 잡음 및 산란 X-ray의 영상을 보정하고 신호 대 잡음비를 높여 최적화할 때 측정된 탄소/탄소 복합재료의 밀도는 98.74%의 신뢰도 수준에서 ${\pm}0.01g/cm^3$ 분포를 갖는 것으로 평가되었다. 전산화 단층촬영 결과의 검증은 탄소/탄소 목삽입재를 절단하여 수침법에 의한 밀도 측정과 주사전자현미경 관찰을 통하여 수행되었으며 단층촬영 결과는 수침법에 의한 밀도 분포와 주사전자현미경의 영상과 일치하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

We have investigated characteristic solar wind dynamics associated with relativistic electron events at geosynchronous orbit. Most of the events for April, 1999 through December, 2002 are found to be accompanied by a prolonged solar quiet period which is characterized as low solar wind density, weak interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and fast alfvenic fluctuations in IMF $B_z$. In a typical relativistic event, electron fluxes begin to increase by orders of magnitude when solar wind parameters drop to low values (e.g., $n_{sw}∼5 cm^{-3}$ and ｜$B_{IMF}$∼5 nT) after sharp peaks. Then the elevated electron fluxes stay at the high level during the solar quiet period. This observation may suggest the following scenario for the occurrence of a geosynchronous relativistic event: (ⅰ) Quiet solar winds can yield a stable and more dipole-like magnetospheric configurations in which the geosynchronous orbit locates well inside the trapping boundary of the energetic electrons. (ⅱ) If a large population of MeV electrons are generated (by whatever acceleration process(es)) in the inner magnetosphere, they can be trapped and effectively accumulated to a high intensity. (ⅲ) The high electron flux can persist for a number of days in the geosynchronous region as long as the solar wind dynamics stays quiet. Therefore the scenario indicates that the occurrence of a relativistic event would be a result of a delicate balance between the effects of electron acceleration and loss. In addition, the sensitive dependence of a relativistic event on the solar wind conditions makes the prediction of solar wind variability as important as understanding of electron acceleration processes in the forecast of a relativistic event.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.666-673
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• 2022

The optimization of a transmission type bremsstrahlung conversion target was carried out with Monte Carlo code FLUKA for intense pulsed electron beams with electron energy of several hundred keV for maximum photon fluence. The photon emission intensity from electrons with energy ranging from 300 keV to 1 MeV on tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum targets was calculated with varied target thicknesses. The research revealed that higher target material element number and electron energy leads to increased photon fluence. For a certain target material, the target thickness with maximum photon emission fluence exhibits a linear relationship with the electron energy. With certain electron energy and target material, the thickness of the target plays a dominant role in increasing the transmission photon intensity, with small target thickness the photon flux is largely restricted by low energy loss of electrons for photon generation while thick targets may impose extra absorption for the generated photons. The spatial distribution of bremsstrahlung photon density was analyzed and the optimal target thicknesses for maximum bremsstrahlung photon fluence were derived versus electron energy on three target materials for a quick determination of optimal target design.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2012

The microstructure of various shapes of stacking fault pyramids (SFPs) formed in multiple implant/anneal Separation by Implanted Oxygen (SIMOX) material were investigated by plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. In the multiple implant/anneal SIMOX, the defects in the top silicon layer are confined at the interface of the buried oxide layer at a density of ${\sim}10^6\;cm^{-2}$. The dominant defects are perfect and imperfect SFPs. The perfect SFPs were formed by the expansion and interaction of four dissociated dislocations on the {111} pyramidal planes. The imperfect SFPs show various shapes of SFPs, including I-, L-, and Y-shapes. The shape of imperfect SFPs may depend on the number of dissociated dislocations bounded to the top of the pyramid and the interaction of Shockley partial dislocations at each edge of {111} pyramidal planes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.3343-3348
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• 2012

The possible ways for increasing the antioxidant properties of vitamin E have been investigated with density function theory. The effect of replacing three methyl groups of vitamin E with various substituents such as electron donating and electron withdrawing groups on the antioxidant properties of vitamin E were investigated. Also the effects of the reducing the number of atoms in the heterocyclic ring and replacing the oxygen heteroatom with other heteroatoms on the antioxidant properties of vitamin E were investigated. The novel structures that obtained from replacing methyl groups with substituents such as $NH_2$, OH, COOH and NHMe have greater antioxidant activity than vitamin E. Obtained results reveal that novel structure that obtained with replacing O with NH hetroatom would be a better antioxidant than vitamin E. The results reveal that reducing the number of atoms in the heterocyclic ring is a better way to synthesize novel antioxidants.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.327-334
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• 2004

Spectroscopic and electrostatic probe measurements were made to examine plasma characteristics with or without a metal plate for a 10-㎾-class direct-current arcjet Heat fluxes into the plate from the plasma were also evaluated with a Nickel slug and thermocouple arrangement. Ammonia and mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen were used. The NH$_3$ and $N_2$+3H$_2$ plasmas in the nozzle and in the downstream plume without a plate were in thermodynamical nonequilibrium states. As a result, the H-atom electronic excitation temperature and the $N_2$ molecule-rotational excitation temperature intensively decreased downstream in the nozzle although the NH molecule-rotational excitation temperature did not show an axial decrease. Each temperature was kept in a small range in the plume without a plate except for the NH rotational temperature for NH$_3$ gas. On the other hand, as approaching the plate, the thermodynamical nonequilibrium plasma came to be a temperature-equilibrium one because the plasma flow tended to stagnate in front of the plate. The electron temperature had a small radial variation near the plate. Both the electron number density and the heat flux decreased radially outward, and an increase in H$_2$ mole fraction raised them at a constant radial position. In cases with NH$_3$ and $N_2$+3H$_2$ a large number of NH radical with a radially wide distribution was considered to cause a large amount of energy loss, i.e., frozen flow loss, for arcjet thrusters.